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WBC Disorders: Erwin Taher Medical Faculty Dept of Clinical Pathology Uisu

This document discusses white blood cell disorders, including both non-neoplastic and neoplastic abnormalities. It covers topics such as neutropenia and neutrophilia, their causes and morphology. Neutropenia can be caused by decreased or ineffective production, or increased removal from circulation. Neutrophilia is usually from the marrow storage pool in response to inflammatory mediators. The document also discusses leukocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis, covering their associated causes.

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Rifni Amalia
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292 views15 pages

WBC Disorders: Erwin Taher Medical Faculty Dept of Clinical Pathology Uisu

This document discusses white blood cell disorders, including both non-neoplastic and neoplastic abnormalities. It covers topics such as neutropenia and neutrophilia, their causes and morphology. Neutropenia can be caused by decreased or ineffective production, or increased removal from circulation. Neutrophilia is usually from the marrow storage pool in response to inflammatory mediators. The document also discusses leukocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia, monocytosis, and lymphocytosis, covering their associated causes.

Uploaded by

Rifni Amalia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WBC Disorders

Erwin Taher
Medical Faculty
Dept of Clinical Pathology
UISU
Normal
Pathology
White cell disorders

Non neoplastic Abnormalities


in # - Penias & - Philias
Neoplastic disorders
Premalignant conditions
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Myeloproliferative disorders
Malignant or Leukemias
Acute & Chronic
Myeloid & Lymphoid
Hairy cell leukemia
Plasma cell neoplasms
Lymph node disorders
Non neoplastic or Inflammatory

Acute Lymphadenitis

Chronic Lymphadenitis

Neoplastic or Lymphomas

Hodgkins lymphoma

Non- Hodgkins Lymphoma

Miscellaneous
Langerhans cell Histiocytosis

Splenic disorders

Disorders of thymus
Total Leukocyte count
Differential Leukocyte
count
Basic functions of
Leukocytes
WBC - CBC
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities

Penias (Leukopenia)
Neutropenia is most common and important
low circulating neutrophil count

<1500 cell/cu. mm Neutropenia

1000 cells/ cu. mm worrisome

500 cells/ cu. mm - serious infections

100 cells/ cu. mm - life threatening ( also called


agranulocytosis)
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Penias (Neutropenia)
Causes
or ineffective production

Aplastic anemia
Drugs
Disorders Vit. deficiencies ( B12, Folate)
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Inherited disorder kostmann syndrome (defective
genes of granulocyte differentiation)
removal from circulation
Immunological SLE, Drugs
Hypersplenism
utilization infections ( mainly Bacterial)
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities

Neutropenia
Most significant cause Drugs

May dose related or Idiosyncratic

Act by marrow suppression (chlorpromazine) or


immunological (sulfa & Thiouracil)
Morphology = marrow changes depend on underlying cause
Hyperplasia of marrow if the cause is peripheral destruction

or ineffective poiesis
Hypoplasia if it is due to Myelo- suppression
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis Philias ( Example Neutrophilia)
Pathogenesis
Precursor pool storage pool peripheral blood
(Margination & circulating) Tissue pool
Mechanisms
For Neutrophils
***Mostly from marrow storage pool immediate
Granulocytopoiesis from stimulation of marrow stem
cells by inflammatory mediators (IL-1, TNF)
For Eosinophils- IL-5

For Lympho IL-7


WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Leukocytosis - Neutrophilia
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Leukocytosis
Morphology
# neutrophils &Toxic granulations ( abnormal azuriphilic

granules), Dhole bodies (Endoplasmic Reticulum) like in


Kawasakis disease)
Differential Diagnosis
Leukemoid reaction (inflammation) from leukemia
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Leukocytosis -Toxic Granulation:
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Leukocytosis - causes
Neutrophilic Acute bacterial infections( pyogenic)
leukocytosis
Eosinophilic Allergic disorders such as asthma, hay fever, allergic
leukocytosis skin diseases parasitic infestations; drug
(eosinophilia) reactions; certain malignancies (e.g., Hodgkin
disease and some non-Hodgkin lymphomas);
Basophilic leukocytosis Rare, indicative of CML
(Basophilia)
Monocytosis Chronic infections (TB, SLE) inflammatory bowel
diseases (ulcerative colitis)
Lymphocytosis Accompanies monocytosis in many disorders viral
infections (e.g., hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus,
Epstein-Barr virus); Bordetella pertussis infection
WBC :Non neoplastic Abnormalities
Leukocytosis -Lymphocytosis

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