FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
(FRC)
Created and presented by:
Mouhamad Ayach: 010160928
Aykut Mutlu:010120087
Muhammed Zahid Seker 010120227
Furkan Kalayli 010120204
What is fiber reinforced concrete
A concrete consisting of, cement, water, fine and
coarse aggregate, along with discontinuous fibers.
FRC - Historical Perspective
Concrete
1800’s, using steel in concrete(Reinforced Concrete)
Investigations to increase tensile and flexural
strength
1970’s, Fiber Concrete technologies found in UK
and Scandinavian
Production
Production involves 5 Steps
1. Determine typical Uses and Specifying FRC
2. Materials
3. Mixture Proportioning
4. Batching, Mixing, Delivery and Sampling
5. Placing and Finishing
TYPES OF FIBER CONCRETE
The fibers which are widely used in concrete are;
steel carbon, polypropylene and alkali resistant
glass.There are some more fibers which are used but
these are the most used fiber sorts.
fiber type tensile strength modulus of maximum specific mass
(MPa) elasticity elongation (g/cm3)
(103, MPa) (%)
acrylic 207-414 2,1 25-45 1,1
asbestos 552-966 83-138 0,6 3,2
cotton 414-690 4,8 3-10 1,5
glass 103-3795 69 1,5-3,5 2,5
nylon 759-828 4,1 16-20 1,1
polyester 724-863 8,3 11-13 1,4
polyethylene 690 0,14-0,4 10 0,95
polypropylene 552-759 3,5 25 0,9
cotton-wool 414-621 6,9 10-25 1,5
mineral wool 483-759 69-117 0,6 2,7
steel 276-2760 200 0,5-35 7,8
Aggregate quality,low w/c ratio, cement dosage
are very important for fiber reinforcement concrete
producing as it is in normal concrete producing
Max w/c ratio must be 0,55 for each types
Max grain size must be 32mm for each types of
fiber reinforcement concrete
STEEL FIBRE CONCRETE
Steel fibers are produced from low carbon C1008.
Diameters are between 0,13mm-1mm and length
between 13mm-70mm
According to TS 10513 the tensile strength of each
fiber to be used in the concrete can not be less than
310 MPa.
Steel fiber in the concrete gives ductility to concrete.So
the concrete can absorb more energy.Because of
increasement of ductility steel fiber concrete can do more
displacement than normal concrete.
Steel fibre concrete has higher tensile and compression
strenght than concrete without fibre.
Steel fibre reinforcement concrete can be used instead of
mat reinforcement.
Steel fibre reinforcement generally used in areas where
higher strength is required such as industrial flooring and
port coverings
POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE CONCRETE
In many regions of the world, there is a lot of textile
waste. Most of these wastes are polluting the
environment.
Polypropylene fiber concrete is an ecological
solution for pollution
These textile wastes is used in polypropylene fiber
concrete. Because of it is waste, it is also
economical.
Fibers are resistant to acids and oxidizing and
reducing agents but weak to bases
The electrical conductivity of polyproplene is low
due to the absorption of low humidity and it is also
not affected by moth and harmful insects.
Concrete beams are made up of longitudinal
polyester fibers
Polyproplene fibers also increase the bending
capacity.
Polyporplene fiber concrete is used in precast
applications, shotcrete applications, tunnel-dam
projects
These fibers maximize the resistance against cracks
in fresh concrete.
Polyproplene fiber does not have a corrosion
problem and it makes a difference by protecting its
function throughout its lifetime, without any change in
its strength, compared to any kind of steel fixture.
GLASS FIBRE REINFORCEMENT
Glass fiber reinforced concrete or GFRC is a type
of fiber-reinforced concrete.Technically, fiberglass is
simply very fine glass fibers.
Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior
building facade panels and in architectural precast
concrete.
Glass fiber-reinforced concrete consists of high-
strength, alkali-resistant glass fiber embedded in a
concrete
Glass fibers are preferred to prevent formation of
shrinkage cracks and internal stresses same as
polyproplene fibers.
In addition, due to the increase in the glass fiber content,
the tensile strength of the concrete increased, while the
ultrasound transit velocities also decreased. So it reduces
the void ratio
But glass fibre may reacts with alkanity of cement. So it
may causes alkali silica reaction. Alkali silica reactions
reduce durability of concrete.
To prevent this situtation alkali resistant glass fibres have
made.
Glass fibre concrete can be used in panel
formatand it takes advantage of the shear strength.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete is a material that
supports thermal insulation and gives a different
architectural appearance to the structure
OTHER TYPES OF FIBER CONCRETE
There are some types of fiber except
steel,polyproplene and glass which is used in
producing concrete.
These are carbon, cellulose and basalt.
For example carbon fibers are very thin material.
They have higher strenght according to steel and
more lighter.
The structural elements can be produced more
lightweight by using vegetable fibers such as
cellulose .
Cellulose fibers is the most resistant to heat between
all these fibers.
The most commonly used fiber is manila hemp for
cellulose fibers.
Basalt fibers are obtained by crushing the basalt
which is a volcanic rock into small pieces.
The tensile strength of the basalt fibers is higher
than glass fibers and the elongation at break is
higher than carbon fibers. They are almost as good
as the glass and carbon fibers against chemical
effects
FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE
Right or wrong choice ?
Mechanical properties of FRC
Compressive strength
Modulus of elasticity
Flexure
Toughness
Splitting tensile strength
Fatigue strength
Impact resistance
Corrosion of steel fiber’s
Structural behavior of FRC
Flexure
Torsion
Shear
Column
High strength concrete
Cracking and deflection
Disadvantages
Increase in specific gravity of the concrete
Proportioning the exact amount of fibers in the
batch of concrete
Higher cost because of its control issues
Corrosion of steel fibers
The straight fibers produce balling at high fiber
content
TESTS AND RESULTS
Compression Test
Splitting Tensile Test
Drop-Weight Impact Test
Developments in FRC
References
Osman Şimşek. Beton ve Beton Teknolojisi. Second Edition. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2007.
Nawy, Edward G.. High-Performance Concrete. Second Edition. 2001. ISBN 0-471-38555-7
ACE Committee 544, State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete, ACI Concrete
International,9-30 (May, 1982).
Naaman, A.E., Fiber Reinforcement for Concrete, ACI Concrete International, 21-25
(March,1985).
Abdul-Wahab, H.M.S., AI-Ausi, M.A. and Tawtiq, S.H., Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Members under Combined Bending, Shear and Torsion, RILEM Committee 49-TFR Symposium,
Sheffield,England (1986).
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