ACCIDENT PREVENTION
TRAINING MODULE
PREPARED BY :SAFETY DEPT.GCL LOTE
WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT ?
IT IS AN UNPLANNED ,
UNCONTROLLED AND
UNINTENDED EVENT WHICH
CAUSES INJURY TO A PERSON
AND/OR DAMAGE /LOSS OF THE
MATERIALS OR PROPERTY.
REPORTABLE ACCIDENT :
SEC.88 ,88A/ RULE 115 :
DEATH, BODILY INJURY PREVENTING FROM WORKING FOR 48
HRS, OR MORE, DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE AS SPECIFIED
DEATH OR ACCIDENT OF SERIOUS NATURE : MANAGER OF THE FACTORY SHALL
SEND A NOTICE WITHIN 4 HRS. BY TELEPHONE, SPECIAL MESSENGER OR TELEGRAM
& CONFIRMED BY SENDING REPORT IN FORM NO.24/24A WITHIN 12 HOURS .
IF IT IS OF MINOR CHARACTER ( DISABLING FOR 48 HRS OR MORE), WITHIN 24 HRS. AFTER
EXPIRY OF THE PERIOD (48 HRS). NATURE
IN CASE OF DEATH /SERIOUS ACCIDENT :INFORMATION
TO DISTRICT MAGISTRATE,OFFICER INCHARGE OF
NEAREST POLICE STATION, NEAREST RELATIVES OF
THE INJURED.
AS PER SURVEYS AND ACCIDENT
STATISTICS :
ACCIDENTS
NATURAL CALAMITIES MAN MADE ACCIDENTS
2% 98%
CAUSES
UNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE CONDITIONS
80 % 20 %
FOUNDATION OF LOSS TIME INJURY
00.3% 1 LOST TIME INJURY…
08.0% MINOR INJURY….
29
90.9% NO INJURY….
300
UNSAFE ACT AND/OR UNSAFE CONDITION.
FOUNDATION OF TRIANGLE
A PERSON WHO SUFFERS A DISABLING INJURY
CAUSED BY UNSAFE ACT IN THE AVERAGE CASE
HAS HAD AROUND 300 NARROW ESCAPES ( NO
INJURY) FROM SERIOUS INJURY AS A RESULT
OF COMMITTING VERY SAME UNSAFE ACT.
LIKE WISE PERSONS ARE EXPOSED TO
MECHANICALHAZARDS HUNDREDS OF TIMES
BEFORE THEY SUFFER INJURY.
OCCURRENCE OF AN INJURY
(DOMINO THEORY )
THIS ESSENTIALY IS A NATURAL CULMINATION OF
SERIES OF EVENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES THAT
OCCUR IN A FIXED AND LOGICAL ORDER. ONE IS
DEPENDENT OF ANOTHER AND ONE FOLLOWS
ANOTHER THUS CONSTITUTING A SEQUENCE OF
WHICH ACCIDENT IS MERELY A LAST FACTOR . IF
THIS SEQUENCE IS INTERUPTED BY ELIMINATION OF
ONLY A SINGLE FACTOR THE INJURY/ACCIDENT CAN
NOT POSSIBLY OCCUR.
SOCIAL FAULT OF UA/ UC ACCIDENT INJURY
ENVI.. PERSON
MANAGEMENT ORIGINS SYMPTOMS CONTACT LOSS
INJURY : BECAUSE OF ACCIDENT
ACCIDENT : BECAUSE OF UA/UC OR BOTH
UA/UC : BECAUSE OF FAULTS ON THE PART OF PERSON
FAULT : BECAUSE OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT THAT IS,
-PHYSIOLOGICAL UNSUITABILITY,
-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTER,
-LACK OF KNOWLEDGE/SKILL,
-IMPROPER MECH/PHYS ENV.
COST OF ACCIDENT :
HUMANITIRIAN INCENTIVE FOR PREVENTING
ACCIDENTS IS SUPPLEMENTED BY POWERFUL
ECONOMIC FACTOR.
THE DIRECT EMPLOYER COST OF INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS FORCOMPENSATION CLAIMS & FOR
MEDIACL TREATMENT IS ONLY 1/5TH OF TOTAL COST
WHICH THE EMPLOYER HAS TO PAY. IT IS LIKE AN
ICEBERG HAVING ITS ONLY SOME PART OVER WATER
SURFACE AND HIDING IT’S MAJOR PORTION BELOW
THE WATER LEVEL.
1/5 TH DIRECT COST
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4/5 TH --- ------------------ HIDDEN COST------------------
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ICEBERG OF COST OF ACCIDENT
COST OF ACCIDENT :
DIRECT COST :COMPENSATION, TREATMENT COST
INDIRECT COST
LOST TIME OF INJURED, LOST TIME OF OTHER
EMPLOYEES, SUPERVISOR,SAFETY OFFICER,DOCTOR/MALE
NURSE,SENIOR EXECUTIVES.
DAMAGE TO M/C, EQUIPMENT, REPAIR, DOWNTIME
PRODUCTION LOSS
GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES
MORAL/IMAGE IN THAT AREA
STRICT WATCH BY AUTHORITIES
NEW RECRUITMENT/TRAINING,LOSSOFSKILLED
WORKMEN
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS / DISTURBED FAMILY LIFE
THREE REASON FOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION
ECONOMIC : MANAGEMENT, WORKER & HIS
FAMILY, SOCIETY
HUMANIT ARIAN : WELLBEING OF HIS FOLLWMEN IS
DUTY OF A PERSON/EMPLOYER
LEGAL : STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
LAWS OF LAND
TEN AXIOMS – SELF EVIDENT TRUTHS
OF ACCIDENT OCCURANCE
THE OCCURRENCE OF AN INJURY INVARIABLY
RESULTS FROM A COMPLETED SEQUENCE OF
FACTORS – THE LAST ONE OF THESE BEING THE
ACCIDENT ITSELF.
THE ACCIDENT IN TURN IS INVARIABLY CAUSED
OR PERMITTED DIRECTLY BY THE UNSAFE ACT OF
A PERSON AND/OR A MECHANICAL OR PHYSICAL
HAZARD.
THE UNSAFE ACTS OF PERSON ARE RESPONSIBLE
FOR MAJORITY OF ACCIDENTS.
THE PERSON WHO SUFFERS A DISABLING INJURY
CAUSED BY AN UNSAFE ACT, IN THE AVERAGE CASE
HAS HAD OVER 300 NARROW ESCAPES FROM
SERIOUS INJURY AS A RESULT OF COMMITTING
THE VERY SAME UNSAFE ACT.
LIKEWISE, PERSONS ARE EXPOSED TO MECHANICAL
HAZARDS HUNDREDS OF TIMES BEFORE THEY
SUFFER INJURY.
THE SEVERITY OF AN INJURY IS LARGELY
FORTUITOUS THE OCCURRENCE OF THE ACCIDENT
THAT RESULTS IN INJURY WHICH IS LARGELY
PREVENTABLE.
THE FOUR BASIC MOTIVES OR THE REASONS
FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF UNSAFE ACTS
(FAULTS) PROVIDE A GUIDE TO THE
SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE CORRECTIVE
MEASURES.
FOUR BASIC METHODS ARE AVAILABLE FOR
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS – ENGINEERING
REVISION, PERSUASION AND APPEAL, PERSONNEL
ADJUSTMENT AND DISCIPLINE
METHODS OF MOST VALUE IN ACCIDENT
PREVENTION ARE ANALOGOUS WITH THE
METHODS REQUIRED FOR THE QUALITY, COST AND
QUANTITY OF PRODUCTION.
MANAGEMENT HAS THE BEST OPPORTUNITY AND
ABILITY TO INITIATE THE WORK OF PREVENTION;
THEREFORE IT SHOULD ASSUME THE
RESPONSIBILITY.
THE SUPERVISOR OR FOREMAN IS THE KEY
MAN IN INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT
PREVENTION. HIS APPLICATION OF THE ART
OF SUPERVIS ION TO THE CONTROL THE
WORKER PERFORMANCE IS THE FACTOR
OF GREATEST INFLUENCE IN SUCCESSFUL
ACCIDENT PREVENTION.
A) THE HUMANITARIAN INCENTIVE FOR
PREVENTING ACCIDENTAL INJURY IS
SUPPLEMENTED BY TWO POWERFUL
ECONOMIC FACTORS :
B) THE SAFE ESTABLISHMENT IS EFFICIENT
PRODUCTIVELY AND THE UNSAFE ESTABLISHMENT
IS INEFFICIENT.
THE DIRECT EMPLOYMENT COST OF THE
INDUSTRIAL INJURIES FOR COMPENSATION
CLAIMS AND FOMEDICAL TREATMENT IS
JUST ONE – FIFTH OF THE TOTAL COST
WHICH THE EMPLOYER MUST PAY. .
SYSTEM MODEL FOR ACCIDENT CAUSATION
SUCCESSFUL TASK FEED BACK
T
I
A
ENVIRONMNETAL N
DECISIONS RISKS S
HUMAN F
K
O
S
MACHINE
UNSUCCESSFUL TASK FEED BACK
T
S I
A
ENVIRONMNETAL T A
N
R DECISIONS RISKS C S
HUMAN E F C
K
S I
O
S D S
MACHINE O E
R N
S T
Human Factors
Theory
Overload Inappropriate Inappropriate
Response Activities
••Detecting
Detectingaahazard
hazard Performingtask
task
••Environmental
Environmentalfactors
factors Performing
••but
butnot
notcorrecting
correcting
withoutthe
the
••Internal
InternalFactors
Factors without
••Removing
Removingsafeguards
safeguards
••Situational
Situational factors
factors requisitetraining
requisite training
••Ignoring
Ignoringsafety
safety
Accident/Incident
Theory
Over Load Ergonomic Decisions to Err
Misjudgment to the
•Pressure Traps
risk
•Fatigue Unconscious desire
•Motivation to Err
•Drugs Incompatible
•Worry workstation
System Failure Human Error
•Policy Accident
•Responsibility
•Training
Injury/Damage
•Inspection
•Correction
Avoiding
Avoiding Safety…
Safety…
•• Loss
Lossof
ofMaterial
Material
•• Loss
Lossof
ofProduction
Production
•• Damage
Damageto toProperty
Property
•• Disability(Temp/Permanent)
Disability(Temp/Permanent)
•• Amount
Amountpaidpaidfor
forCompensation
Compensation
•• Amount
Amountpaidpaidfor
forMedical
MedicalExpenses
Expenses
•• Occupational
OccupationalIllness
Illness
Other Consequences…
Time Lost From Work By Injured
Time Lost By Fellow Employees
Time Lost By Supervisors
Loss due to Overtime
Cost To Hire New Employee
Break-in Time For New Employee
Company image
Social Costs
Employees Morale
Absenteeism
FACTORS IMPEDING SAFETY
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR :
TECHNICAL FACTORS :
ADMINSTRATIVE FACTORS :
PERSONAL FACTORS ;
CULTURAL & SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS :
LEGAL FACTORS :
JOB CLIMATE AND ITS DEFECT ON ATTITUDE:
ATTITUDE
OTHER FACTORS
IN SPITE OF ALL THIS, CHECK WITH FOLLOWING …..IS IT TRUE OR FALSE TO SAY THAT,
• ACCIDENTS HAPPEN. THEY ARE INEVITABLE !
• IF A WORKER IS DESTINED TO MEET WITH AN ACCIDENT
NO MORTAL EFFORTS CAN SAVE HIM….
• WHERE THERE ARE HUGE MACHINERIES AND FAST MOVING
PRODUCTION LINES ACCIDENTS ARE INEVITABLE……..
• PRODUCTION AND SAFETY DO NOT GO TOGETHER. YOU
CAN HAVE PRODUCTION ONLY AT THE COST OF SAFETY.
• SAFETY RULES ARE FOR NEW COMERS AND NOVICES.
I KNOW IT WONT HAPPEN TO ME. I HAVE DONE
THAT WAY SO OFTEN.
A WILLING WORKER WILL MEET WITH AN
ACCIDENT – NOT THE IDLER
A LAZY WORKER IS ALWAYS SAFE.
IT NEEDS A REAL HE-MAN TO FACE IT.
IT IS COWARDLY TO BE AFRAID OF ACCIDENTS AND HIDE YOURSELF BEHIND
SAFETY APPLIANCES OF GUARDS. IT OS BETTER TO DIE A HERO’S DEATH.
SAFETY RULES ARE MANEGEMENT BABY. WHY
SHOULD WE BOTHER!!
MAINTAINING SAFETY IS MANAGERIAL FUCTION
And Finally…
• S- Management Systems
• A- Proper Attitude
• F- Understand Fundamentals
• E- Experience
• T- Time to do things safely
• Y- Your Participation
