Charging ahead

GE EV Solutions

IEEE – NYC Chapter

February 22, 2011

Daniel Ciarcia
Product Manager, EV
daniel.ciarcia@ge.com
Electric Vehicle Marketplace

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Motivation To Embrace Electric Vehicles
Domestic Policy Goals
 Reduce dependence on foreign oil
 Job creation
 Economic Growth (energy sources local)

Global Impact
 Europe to mitigate climate change
 China to balance growth with pollution
 Governments around the world have allocated funding for clean technology

Energy Independence
 Local energy sources reduce price volatility
 Reduce export of dollars, particularly to unstable regions of the world
 Reduce dependence on few key regions – roughly half of the EU’s gas consumption comes from
only three countries (Russia, Norway, Algeria)

Developing Nations
 Lower-cost conventional vehicles support economic development goals.
 Urban air pollution and rising oil imports to be the main driver of electrification
 China has stated its goal of reducing the carbon intensity of its economy.
 Lack of Infrastructure (grids) is a huge factor.

Climate Change
 Global support for climate change has gained momentum with Europe leading the way.
 Transportation accounts for roughly 15% of energy related CO2 emissions globally.
 In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), which called on industrialized countries to make voluntary efforts to reduce greenhouse
gases.
 EU energy policy provides affordable energy while contributing to the EU's wider social and 3 /
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EV Is Becoming An Economic
Reality

Economics Will Favor Electrification

 Electric vehicles emit zero tailpipe emissions at the point of use. The carbon footprint of
electric vehicles is approximately 30% better than that of conventional vehicles, even when the
electricity used is produced by a coal-fired power station.
 Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) will become increasingly favorable as the price of fuel rises in
the future. Current global economic conditions will drive how quickly fuel prices begin to
appreciably rise and influence the TCO of various models (ICE, Hybrid, PHEV, EV)..
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One Million Electric Vehicles
70% of
charging
stations will
be
residential
applications

Chargers

Electric Vehicles

Source: Department of Energy

Report (Feb 2011)

For every EV sold, we expect there will be demand for 1.4 charging stations
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Electrical Vehicles Are Coming…
2009 2010 2011 2012
Sport/Luxur

Tesla Model
S Cadillac XTS
y

PHEV
Tesla
Roadster Volvo V70
Porsche 918 Audi A1 Fisker PHEV
PHEV PHEV Karma
Compact

Mini EV Wheego Toyota Prius

LiFe
Zenn EV Mitsubishi i-MiEV Smart for two Think City Honda insight
PHEV
Light Trucks Sedan/SUV

GM Volt Nissan Leaf Coda EV Toyota Rav4 EV BYD e6 EV Ford Focus EV

Smith Electric Navistar eStar Ford Transit Connect Mercedes Vito E-cell Renault Bright Auto Idea
Edison Kangoo

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 Fundamental Transformation
Auto Fuel Fueling Data Vehicle Sales
OEM Production Location Collection

Gasoline

Electric

EV Tax 90% of new

Prius, 150K+ EVs built in 25% of new
Credits vehicles electric
Focus U.S. (Ford, GM, vehicles electric*
Escalade, by 2030*
Leaf, Volt Nissan)
Caravan

Electric Vehicle
Timeline
2010 2015 2020 2025

* Needed to achieve Electrification Coalition goal of 75% electric miles by 2040 7/

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GE provides the electrical infrastructure to
support charging station infrastructure

Switchboards
Utility Utility Transformer Switchgear And Panelboards
Supply

General Purpose
Transformers
Sub-metering

Load
Centers GE WattStation

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Key Drivers for EV Growth

1. Government Funding and Incentives

2. Auto Manufacturer EV Pipeline

3. The Environmental Consumer

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#1 Federal Government Activity
1.American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Funding – $2.4B for
manufacturing and infrastructure
• $1.5B for US-based manufacturers to produce batteries and EV components
• $500MM to produce other EV components like motors
• $400MM to demonstrate and evaluate PHEV and related infrastructure
2.Auto Manufacturer Incentives - $8B loans for Advanced Vehicle
Technologies
• $5.9B to Ford (factories in Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio)
• $1.6B to Nissan (factory in Tennessee)
• $465MM to Telsa (factory in California)
3.Fuel Efficient Vehicles Tax Incentives for Consumers
• Tax credit for EV’s, up to $7,500
• Tax credit for charging stations up to $2,000 for consumers
and $50,000 for public charging or 50% of the cost
• Final guidance is pending the issuance of EV regulations

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Legislative Update
State Type Incentive Amount
Federa
Credit ARRA 2009. $7,500
l
Federa
Credit Charging Station: 30% of charging station cost. Up to $1,000
l
Purchase BEV (< $5,000). PEV ($3,000). Various discounted utility rates $3,000 -
CA
rebate for electricity used to charge EVs. $5,000
The Texas Light Duty Motor Vehicle Purchase or Lease Incentive Determined
Cash
TX Program reimburses the purchase or lease of an eligible new on- by type of
grant
road light-duty motor vehicle. vehicle
Exemptio
FL EVs are exempt from most insurance surcharges.
n
Purchase
PA Purchase of qualified new EV, (< 6 months after purchase date). $500
rebate
Exemptio
NJ Sales of zero emission vehicles are exempt from sales tax.
n
Available for installation of alternative fuel vehicle fueling
NY Credit 50% of cost
infrastructure located in the state.
The Alternative Fuel Vehicle and Alternative Fuels Rebates
IL Credit Program provides rebates of 80% of approved incremental costs Up to $4,000
for purchase of a new alternative fuel vehicle.
GA Credit Income tax credits (< 20% of EV cost Up to $5,000
2010 CAFE standard: 34.1 MPG by 2016 or ~250 grams CO2 per mile.
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 #1 DOE Clean Cities Initiative
• DC-based initiative of the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
• Over 90 coalitions established with 6,500 stakeholders from both the public and private
sectors
• Coalitions supporting various clean technologies, including EV infrastructure
• Western New York
• Genesee Region
• Central New York
Puget Sound • Capital District
• Vermont
Red River Valley • Granite State
Columbia-Willamette • Maine
• Massachusetts
• Ocean State
Rogue Valley
Treasure Valley Twin
Yellowstone-Teton Lansing
Cities Wisconsin Detroit
SE Area Ann Arbor
Sacramento
Iowa Chicago Philadelphia
East Bay/ San Fran NE Ohio
Utah Pittsburgh
Easter Sierra Northern Colorado South Shore Clean
Silicon Valley Regional Fuels Ohio
San Joaquin Valley Greater Indiana West • CT (4 cities)
Denver Kansas City
Virginia • Delaware
Central Coast Las Vegas • New Jersey
Commonwealth Virginia
Antelope Valley Southern Colorado St. Louis • NYC
CC Partnership Triangle • Long Island
Southern California
Tulsa Middle East • Maryland
Long Beach Centralina
Tennessee Tennessee • DC
Los Angeles Western Riverside County Central
Coachella Oklahoma Arkansas
Valley Valley of Palmetto
San Diego Region Region The Sun Land of Atlanta State
Enchantment Alabama
Tucson Dallas/Ft.Worth East Texas
Middle Georgia
Baton Rouge
Central Texas
Alamo Area
Honolulu Space Coast
SE Texas SE Louisiana
Houston/ Gold Coast
Galveston 12 /
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#2 Auto Manufacturer Activity
Battery Electric Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV):
(BEV): 2010 Lexus HS 250h
2010 Coda Automotive Sedan 2010 Mercedes E Class Hybrid
2010 Mitsubishi iMiEV BEV 2010 Porsche Cayenne S Hybrid
2010 Nissan LEAF 2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid
2010 Ford Battery Electric Van 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid
2010 Tesla Roadster Sport EV
2010 Chevy Volt Extended Range EV 2011 Audi A8 Hybrid (likely introduction)
2011 BMW 5-Series ActiveHybrid
2011 Peugeot Urban EV* 2011 Honda CR-Z sport hybrid coupe
2011 Renault Kangoo Z.E. 2011 Lexus CT 200h Hybrid Hatchback
2011 Renault Fluence Z.E. 2011 Peugeot Diesel Hybrid*
2011 Tesla Model S 2011 Suzuki Kizashi Hybrid
2011 BYD e6 Electric Vehicle 2011 Audi Q5 Crossover Hybrid
2011 Ford Battery Electric Small Car 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid
2011 Opel Ampera Extended Range* 2011 Infiniti M35 Hybrid

2012 Fiat 500 minicar 2014 Ferrari Hybrid

2012 Renault City Car*
2012 Renault Urban EV*
2012 Audi e-tron

2013 Volkswagen E-Up*

2016 Tesla EV
Source: www.electricdrive.org
*European Launch

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#2 Auto Manufacturer Launch Cities
Nissan Leaf
GM/Chevy Volt
Toyota Plug-In Prius
BMW Mini E
Ford Plug-In Focus

Source: auto manufacturer web sites & press releases

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#3 The 3 Core Consumer Mindsets
• For this consumer, an EV at the right price
point and form factor will be an obvious
investment. They see the benefits and
Environmentally consider themselves part of the
Conscious environmental movement: driving an EV
will demonstrate that commitment.
47%

• The innovative design,

fast charging, and cool
display will entice these • These consumers are driven more
drivers - they'll be by the money that comes out of
intrigued by electric
Technology their wallets. While some are
Frugal concerned about the total cost of
cars as a technology and Car
item first and foremost,
Travelers ownership, the main pain point is
Driven how much they pay at the pump
so design cues and 35%
feature sets that 47% each visit. Reducing those charges
reference other high by 2/3s is highly compelling.
tech brands will stand
out.

Political Arguments
• Regardless of need, everyone wants to see America’s
dependence on oil (particularly foreign oil) reduced.

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Survey of Global Initiatives
Americas Europe Asia
United States United Kingdom China
Offers up to $7,500 for qualified Offers £ 5,000 max or 25% of Offers up to USD $8,800 in
vehicles (Chevrolet Volt, Nissan retail. Plans to have more than subsidies.
Leaf, Coda sedan, Tesla 1,000 electric vehicles for its fleet Plans to invest USD $15 billion
Roadster). $2.8 billion overall and 25,000 charging points by to help domestic automakers put
budget allocated. 2015 to support running of a 20 million fuel-efficient vehicles
target 100,000 electric vehicles. on China’s roads by 2020.
Canada
Plans to have 1 in 20 vehicles France India
driven in Ontario to be Offers €5000 or 20% of retail, Offers $2,200 or 20% of retail for
electrically powered by 2020. valid up to 2012. Offers up to electric vehicles, plus other
Quebec offers up to $8,000. 1,000 charging stations. €400 smaller subsidies for electric 2-
million budget allocated for wheelers which is majority of the
Mexico incentives, technology, and market.
Mexico City signed an agreement infrastructure.
with Nissan to deliver recharging Japan
infrastructure for EVs in 2011. Germany Enforces periodic vehicle
€3,000 to 5,000 for the first inspection, testing, and taxation
Brazil 100,000 vehicles. €500 million based on engine size to drive
Plans to develop electric vehicles budget allocated for EV adoption.
and build solar-powered incentives, technology, and By 2020, 1 in 5 will be an EV
Sources: Frost & Sullivan, J.D. Power Associates
charging stations in near future. infrastructure. vehicle.
¥106 billion budget allocated. 16 /
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Operational / Environmental Metrics
• On average the GE DuraStation decreases EV
charging time from 12-18 hours to as little as 4-8
hours compared to standard charging, assuming a 24
kWh battery and a full-cycle charge.

• If 10,000 vehicle owners switched from gas-powered

passenger cars to EVs, over 33,000 metric tons of
CO2 emissions could be avoided annually.

• This is equivalent to the annual CO2 emissions of

approximately 6,500 gas-powered passenger cars on
U.S. roads.

• On average, an EV owner will save about 75% of the

annual fuel costs by switching from gas to electric
Assumptions: EVs have a typical 24 kWh battery with 100 mile range, vehicles travel a
typical 12,000 miles per year, and the EVs are powered by the average US electricity grid
mix.

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EV-Related LEED Status Points

LEED-NC: Sustainable Sites Credit 4.3

3 points available if 5% of parking is made
available for low-emission & fuel efficient
vehicles

LEED-EB: Sustainable Site Credit 4.0

3 to 15 points available for the reduction in
conventional commuting trips from 10-75%

For more information on LEED, please visit www.geelectrical.com/energy

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Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
(EVSE) Infrastructure

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Vehicle

100% Battery
Petrol Hybrid Plugin Hybrid
(EV, GEV,
(ICE) (HEV) (PHEV)
BEV)
Range: 440 miles 440 miles 440 miles 100 miles
Refuel <1h 4– 8h
5min 5min
Time: Level 2 Charge Level 2 Charge
1st car 1st car 1st car 2nd car
Usage:
Familiy car Family car Family car City car
Energy
Efficiency Not Efficient Efficient More Efficient Most Efficient
:
Customer
Benchmark
PHEV: + Electric
Plug-In Hybrid motor
Electric Vehicle + Charging + 100% Battery
Mind: REEV: Range Extended Electric Vehicle
BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle
EV: Electric Vehicle
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Overview
EVSE electric vehicle supply equipment EV electric vehicle

Power
Pilot Inverter
AC charging plug
On board charger
AC charging cable

Protections

AC Power Supply Motor

Battery 21 /
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Charging Options – Why use Level
2?
Level 1 Charging Level 2 Charging
Power Source 110 VAC, 15 A (16A peak), 208 – 240 VAC, 30 A, Dual Pole
Household Wall Outlet Dedicated Circuit
Max Charging
Up to 1.65 KW Up to 7.2 KW (240V @ 30A)
Power Output
Speed 12 – 18 hours 4 – 8 hours

Installation Plug-in wall outlet connector Electrician Installation Needed

Safety Household Circuit Breaker, UL, Household Circuit Breaker, UL,

Ground Fault, Cable only Ground Fault, Cable only
energized when charging energized when charging
Accesibility Accessible everywhere Dedicated equipment and cable

Procurement Typically included w/car After-Market Purchase

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GE Hardware Lineage
Charging Station
• POS Interface (Credit Card Swipe)
• Smart Metering
• Flex Charging
• Wireless Communications

Watt Station Residential

• Home Use
• Low Cost
• Lightweight Plastic

Watt Station
• Touch Screen Monitor
• Ergonomic Design
• Curb Appeal
• Retractable Cord Management
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GE EV Charging Station
GE EV Charging Station presents a highly modular design that can be
upgraded as new technology arrives and customer needs evolve

LED Bar Charger Status

VFD Screen

RFID (optional)

Plug Holder

Power Cord Holder

Access Panel (right side)

Various Form Factors -

Single/Double Pedestal, Wall, Pole
GE EV Charging Station
Specification
• Supply Needs: 208-240VAC @ 30A with 40A
overload (2 pole)
• GF Protection with Ground Monitor (UL 2231)
• Charger & Vehicle Communication (NEC 625)
- Connection Interlock
- Personnel Protection
- Automatic De-Energizing Device
- Ventilation Interlock
• Connection for SAE J1772 Plug & Cord
• LED Lights & Display
• RFID User Authorization Option
• Indoor & Outdoor Enclosure (NEMA 3R)
RFID Reader Option
Optional Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) to control user access

Details:
•Wave card in front of reader to initiate charging
•Monitor/Control of Driver Access/Usage
•Ethernet network to support RFID
authorization service
•Straightforward In Field Installation

Administration – Programming Cards

•USB connected RFID programmer
•Lightweight and Portable
•Determines class authorization, user control

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US Compliance and Standards
U.S. Electric Vehicle
Standards GE’s UL Expertise

• UL 2594, for EVSE • Certified UL lab facilities for

witnessing and testing at
• UL 2231, the Standard for Industrial Solutions HQ in
Safety of Personnel Plainville, CT
Protection Systems for
• UL lab capabilities include:
EV Supply Circuits handling overload,
• NEC Article 625, Electric endurance and short circuit,
Vehicle Charging System EMI testing, material and
environmental analysis
• SAE (Society of
• GE Industrial Solutions has
Automotive Engineers) over 3,000 unique catalog
J1772, Electric Vehicle numbers that are UL listed
and Plug in Hybrid • UL collaborates with GE for
Electric Vehicle industry guidance in
Conductive Charge technology and safety, and
Coupler managing policy and
technical content

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WattStation Home
Exterior
Weatherized Case
Molded Lightweight Plastic
Keylock security
Power Button Nema 3R / IP54
OFF/standby button
Plug-In Option
SKU with plug option for
easy install / removal
LED interface and Ring
Visualization of station status

Charging Cable
Socket with interlock
SAE J1772

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WattStation Home
Features

• Level II – 208-240 VAC, 30 A

• Indoor / Outdoor (NEMA-3R)
• Flush Mounting System
• Safety Protections
• Ground Fault
• Overload
• Vehicle Communications
• SAE J1772 Connector
• UL Certified
• Power Off / Standby Switch
• LED Status Indicators
• Wrap Around Cord Management

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Introducing the GE WattStation™
An easy-to-use charger designed by renowned industrial designer Yves
Behar
“The GE WattStation achieves this with a
welcoming design that is seamlessly
integrated in the urban landscape and
becomes a natural part of our daily driving
routine.”

“Good design is when a new

technology enters our life and makes
it simpler, beautiful and healthy”

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GE WattStation™ … a closer look
GE WattStation provides a modular design to integrate new technology

Interactive Display Panel

LED Ring Charger Status

Card Swipe (optional)

Protected Plug Holder

Access Panel (on rear)

Retractable Power Cord Base to accept power

and fasten to concrete

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 GE WattStation™ Internal
Components
Supply Needs: 16A@230V to 32A@400V
Controller
• EV Communications
• Charger status/messages via LED Ring, Interactive Display Panel, or
external comms
• Manages Intelligent charging (Flex Charging)
• Allows user configurable overload protection
• Performs CCID20 ground fault protection per UL 2231
• Provides single phase metering
• Communications to Building Management Systems (BMS), EV, smart
meters
Contactor
• Responsible for energizing and de-energizing of EVSE connector,
Operates in conjunction with controller to meet UL and NEC reqs
Connector
• Compliant with SAE J1772 standard
• UL listed for EVSE applications
Fuses
• Provides overload and short circuit protection
Options:
• Wireless Communications
• Point of Sale (Credit Card)
• RFID, Smart Metering

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Charging Station Communications
Kiosk / LED
Wireless Commercial
• WiFi, GPRS,
BackEnd
Zigbee (Database, Web Interests
Ethernet Services)
• TCP/IP

Owner EV

SAE J1772,
Wireless
(future)
Utility Driver
Services
$ • Email
Building (BMS) / • SMS
Home (HEM) • eWallet 33 /
• Web GE Title or job number /
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GE Meets Your EV Needs
Customer EV Need GE Solution
 GE’s EVSE Product Line is future
Future Proof EV Equipment proof with modular hardware and
remote firmware upgrades

 GE has the industry expertise and

Assistance with Upstream
support to help you build a robust
ED Infrastructure EV system and meet all standards

 GE provides installation services

Support, Service, Experience with ServiceMagic network of
installers, provides exceptional
customer support and has over a
century of experience in power
engineering. GE is a brand you can
rely upon. 34 /
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GE Is Uniquely Positioned . . .

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Thank You …

Questions?

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