I want to
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CHILD LABOUR
Made by –
md .zainul haque
INTRODUCTION
Child labour is the practice of
having children engage in
economic activity . The
practice deprives children of
their childhood, and is harmful
to their physical and mental
development.
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Child labour in India
1. According to the Census 2001 figures
there are 1.26 crore working children in
the age group of 5-14 as compared to the
total child population of 25.2 crore. There
are approximately 12lakhs children
working in the hazardous processes .
2. However, as per survey conducted b
National Sample Survey Organization
(NSSO) in 2004-05 he number of working
children is estimated at 90.75 lakh. It
shows that the efforts of the Governmant
have borne the
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CAUSE
1. PRIMARY CAUSES
2. CULTURAL CAUSES
3. MACROECONOMIC CAUSES
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PRIMARY CAUSES
• International Labour
Organization (ILO) suggests
poverty is the greatest single
cause behind child labour. For
impoverished households,
income from a child's work is
usually crucial for his or her
own survival or for that of the
household.
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CULTURAL CAUSES
In European history when child labour was
common, as well as in contemporary child labour
of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have
rationalized child labour and the*reby
encouraged it. Some view that work is good for
the character-building and skill development of
children. In many cultures, particular where
informal economy and small household
businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that
children follow in their parents' footsteps; child
labour then is a means to learn and practice that
trade from a very early age.
MACROECONOMIC CAUSES
The causes for child labour include
both the demand and the supply side.
While poverty and unavailability of
good schools explain the child labour
supply side, they suggest that the
growth of low paying informal
economy rather than higher paying
formal economy is amongst the causes
of the demand side. Other scholars
too suggest that inflexible labour
market, size of informal economy,
inability of industries to scale up and
lack of modern manufacturing
technologies are major
macroeconomic factors affecting dem
and and acceptability of child 7
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CONSEQUENCE OF CHILD LABOUR
• The presence of a large number of child laborers is
regarded a a serious issue in terms of economic welfare.
Children who work fail to get necessary education. They do
not get the opportunity to develop physically, intellectually,
emotionally and psychologically. In terms of the physical
condition of children children are not ready for long
monotous work because they become exhausted more
quickly than adults. This reduces their physical conditions
and makes the children more vulnerable to disease.
Children in hazardous working conditions are even in worse
condition. Children who work instead of going to school,
will remain illiterate which limits their ability to contribute
to their own well being as well as to community they live in.
Child labour has long term adverse
SOME FACTS ABOUT CHILD
LABOUR
• According to the Indian census of 1991, there are
11.28 million working children under the age if
fourteen years in India. Over 85% of this child
labour is in the country's rural areas, working in
agricultural activities such as farming, livestock,
rearing, forestry and fisheries. The world's highest
number of working children is in India . Over 19
lakh children labourers in the 5-14 age group are in
Uttar Pradesh. Rajasthan accounts for over 12.6
lakh workers followed by Bihar with over 11 lakh
and Madhya Pradesh with 10.6 lakh.
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CHILD LABOUR LAWS AND INITIATIVE
• initiatives After its independence from
colonial rule, india has passed a number
of constitutional protections and Laws
on child Labour The constitution of
india in the Fundamental Rights and the
Directive of State Policy prohibits child
labour below the age of 14 years in any
factory or mine or castle or engaged in
any other hazardous employment
Article 24). The constitution also
envisioned that India shall, by 1960,
provide infrastructure and resources for
free and compulsory education to all
children of the age six to 14 years.
Article 21-A and Article 45). 11
the major National legislation
include the following
1. The Factories Act of 1948: The Act prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 14 years in any factory. The law also
placed rules on who, when and how long can pre-adults aged 15-
18 years be employed in any factory.
2. The Mines Act of 1952: The Act prohibits the employment of
children below 18 years of age in a mine.
3. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986 The Act
prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in
hazardous occupations identified in a list by the law. The list was
expanded in 2006, and again in 2008.
4. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of
2009: The law mandates free and compulsory education to a
children aged 6 to 14 years. This
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NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONs
• organizations Many NGOs like
Bachpan Bachao Andolan, CARE
India, Child Rights and You, Global
march against child labour, RIDE
India etc. have been working to
eradicate child labour in India.
Pratham is India's largest non-
governmental organization with the
mission "every child in school and
learning well.Pratham has aimed to
reduce child labour and offer
schooling to children irrespective of
their gender, religion and social
background.
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what we can do to stop the
child labour
• To donate funds in NGOs
working for the rehabilitation of
street children To contact NGOs
and make them aware about
child labour happening in our
society.
• To make the rural people aware
about the benefits of education
To provide free education for the
orphans To start campaign
against child labour. To help the
government to stop child labour
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Conclusion
• The problem of child labour continues to pose a
challenge before the nation. Government has
been taking various pro-active measures to tackle
this problem. However, considering the
magnitude and extent of the problem and that it
is essentially a socio-economic problem
inextricably linked to poverty and illiteracy, it
requires concerted efforts from all society to
make a dent in the problem. The social evil of
child labour can be brought under control, if each
individual takes responsibility of prevailing child
labour. Each and every citizen should be aware of
their responsibilities and should take corrective
measures to stop child labour, so that we can
have a better and developed India.
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THANK YOU
