Gollis University
FACULTY OF ENGNIEERING
DEPARTMENT OF
TELECOMMUNICATION Engineering.
sub: FUNDAMENTAL OF
communication system
topic: introduction
Shukri Osman Abby
E-mail: sabby090@gmail.com
Course outline
Chapter 1: Basic Communication System
Chapter 2: Transmission media
Chapter 3: Telecommunication standards
chapter 4: Basic Telephony
Chapter 5: Establishing communication
channels.
Class requirements
Come to class prepared you will need
Note book
Pen
Scientific calculator
Submit assignments on time
Please behave respectfully to other students.
Finally pay attention to the lecture
Continuous assessment
Name Number Over all Marking
Quizzes 3 quiz X 4 Marks 12 Marks
Test 3 Test 20 Marks
Assignment ( Individual + group 18 Marks
Assignment )
Attendance 10 Marks
Final Exam 40 Marks
Total 100%
1.1 Introduction
Telecommunications means communicating
over a long distance.
Telecommunication: is defined as the science
and technology of communication over a
distance.
Ability to convey information quickly,
accurately, and efficiently has always been one
of the main focuses driving human innovation.
Communication is the ability to send and
receive messages.
1.1 History of communication
The history of telecommunication began
with the use of smoke signals and
drums in Africa, the Americas and parts
of Asia.
1.1 History of communication
Early communications
Before electronic
communications
evolved, military
forces found other
ways to relay their
plans. Roman
soldiers used torches
to signal their troops
to attack.
Pigeon post
Pigeon post is the use of
homing pigeons to carry
messages. Pigeons were
effective as messengers due to
their natural homing abilities.
The pigeons were transported to
a destination in cages, where
they would be attached with
messages, then naturally the
pigeon would fly back to its
home where the owner could
read his mail.
Cont…..
The era of electrical communication began with the
successful demonstration of sending a message
through a telegraph line running between Baltimore,
MD and Washington, D.C., by Samuel F.B. Morse
in 1844.
The invention of the vacuum-tube triode amplifier
by Lee de Forest in 1906 revolutionized the field of
electrical communication and opened the door for
wireless communication.
International Morse Code
Morse code has been in use for more than
160 years—longer than any other electrical
coding system. What is called Morse code
today is actually somewhat different from
what was originally developed by Vail and
Morse.
Between 1906-1947 many remarkable
inventions were made, this was the first
phase in the development of electronics and
communication engineering.
E.g.: wireless telegraphy and telephony,
radio and television broadcasting, radar and
the first electronic digital computer.
Some remarkable communication systems that
were developed during this phase are:
microwave communication links
Color television
Satellite communication
Stereo FM broadcast
Digital communication
Cable television system
Optical fiber communication
Fax
Optical fiber communication
Cellular mobile communication
Personal mobile communication
Computer networks
Integrated services digital network (ISDN)
Intelligent networks (IN)
Cordless phones
Paging
The internet
Basic scheme of a modern
communication system
Communication is the science and practice
of transmitting information.
So communication engineering means
electrical engineering and it deals with the
techniques of transmitting information.
In this process information is first converted
to electrical signals and then transmitted
through electrical links.
By definition Electrical Communication: is a
process by which the information/message is
transmitted from one point to another, from
one person to another, or from one place to
another in the form of electrical signal through
some communication link.
A basic communication system consists of
certain units called stages of the
communication system before it reaches the
destination.
A basic communication system provides a link between the
information source and it’s destination.
So the information to be transmitted passes through a number
of stages of the communication system before it reaches the
destination.
Basic communication system block diagram
The main elements of a basic
communication system are:
Information source and input transducer.
Transmitter
Channel or Medium
Noise
Receiver
N.B: although there are many types of communication system, such as analog,
Output Transducer and final destination.
digital, radio, and line communication system. Each type of communication system
comprises the constituents shown in Figure 1.1.
Different communication systems apply different principles in each stage
accordance with its type.
Information source
The first stage of communication system is the
information source because a communication
system transmits information from an
information source to a destination. In fact,
information is not a physical quantity. The
physical form of information is represented by a
message that is originated by an information
source. For example, a sentence spoken by a
person is a message that contains some
information. The person, in this case, is the
information source.
Transducer
A communication system transmits information in the form
of electrical signal or signals. If the information produced
by the source is not in an electrical form, you must use a
device, known as a transducer, to convert the information
into electrical form.
A transducer is a device that converts a non-electrical
energy into its corresponding electrical energy, called
signal and vice versa. For example, during a telephone
conversation, the words spoken by a person are in the form
of sound energy. This has to be converted to its equivalent
electrical form before it is transmitted.
