Institutionalized
Correction
Commonly asked in the
Board Exam
Prepared by:
Sergie B. Florague
Definition of
terms………………………………
………………
Correction- it is a branch of
the CJS concerned with the
custody, supervision and
rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
Correctional Administration-
is the study of practice of a
systematic management of
jails and prisons and other
institutions concerned with
the custody, treatment and
rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.
Penology- came from the
latin word “poena” which
means punishment.
Penology – a branch of
criminology which deals with
the management and
administration of inmates.
Commitment order – a written
order of the court or any other
competent authority
consigning an offender to a
jail or prison for confinement.
Contraband – any article
item, or anything prohibited
by law and or/forbidden by
jail rules.
Mittimus – a warrant issued by
the court bearing its seal and
the signature of the judge,
directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates
for custody or service of
sentence imposed therein.
Rehabilitation – a program or
activity directed to restore an
inmate’s self- respect thereby
making him a law- abiding
citizen after serving his
sentence.
Safekeeping – a temporary
custody of a person for his
own protection, safety or
care; and/or his security from
harm, injury or danger for the
liability he has committed.
Inmate – either a prisoner
or detainee confined in jail.
Detainee – a person accused
before a court nor competent
authority who is temporarily
confined in jail while
undergoing investigation,
awaiting final judgment.
Prisoner – a inmate who is
convicted by final
judgment and classified as
an insular, provincial, city or
municipal prisoner.
Instrument of restraint – a
device, contrivance, tool or
instrument used to hold back,
keep in check or control an
inmate; e.g. handcuffs, leg
irons.
Social degradation- a form of
punishment which is inflicted
by putting the offender into
shame or humiliation.
Banishment- sending or
putting away of an offender
which was carried out either
by prohibition against coming
into a specified territory.
Deterrence- the principle of
punishment wherein the
offender is punished and
shown to the public in order
for them not to violate the law.
Incapacitation- the public will
be protected if the offender is
incarcerated and thus, he
cannot harm others.
Other justifications of punishment:
Retribution- offender should be
punished because they deserve it.
Expiation- group vengeance
Reformation/rehabilitation-
establishment of usefulness and
responsibility of the offender.
Judicial conditions of
penalty:
*Productive of suffering-
should not affect the
integrity of human
personality.
*Commensurate with the
offense- different crimes
should be punished with
different penalty.
*Personal- the guilty should
be punished and not any
person.
*Legal- must be in
accordance with the law.
*Equal- equal to all.
*Certain- no one must
escape its effect.
*Correction- changes the
attitude of the offender and
become a law- abiding
citizen.
Penalties in general:
a. Death penalty
b. Reclusion perpetua
c. Reclusion temporal
d. Prision mayor
e. Prision correccional
f. Arresto mayor
g. Arresto menor
CLASSIFICATION OF
SENTENCED PRISONERS
1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS
Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life
imprisonment. Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited
above but appealed the judgment and unable to file a bond for their
temporary liberty.
2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS
from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000 pesos
or both; those detained therein waiting for preliminary investigation of
their cases cognizable by the RTC.
3. CITY PRISONERS
from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of not more than 1,000 pesos or both.
Those detained therein whose cases are filed with the MTC.
4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS
from 1 day to 6 months. Those detained therein whose trials of their
cases are pending with the MTC.
Classical School:
advocated by Cesare
Beccaria/ Jeremy Bentham
: “This theory provides that
man has the free will to
choose between good and
evil. Thus, man should be
responsible for his act.”
Jeremy Bentham- pioneered
“Utilitarian Hedonism”
*Provides that a person always
act to seek pleasure and
avoid pain.
Neo-classical- children and
lunatics should be
exempted from punishment
because they have no
freewill.
Positivist/Italian theory-
criminals are like sick
people and must be
treated rather than
imposing punishment.
Jeremy Bentham- He believes
that whatever punishment
designed to negate whatever
pleasure or gain the criminal
derives from the crime would
go down. The one designed
the paniptican prison
“everything and place of
sight.”
Alexander Maconochie- he
introduced Mark system
It marked the good
conduct time allowance.
Walter Crofton- he was the
director of Irish prison who
introduced Irish system that
was modified from
Maconochie’s Mark system.
What are the durations of GCTA?
1-2 years -------------------------- 5 days/month
3-5 years -------------------------- 8 days/month
6-10 years ------------------------ 10 days/month
More than 10 years------------ 15 days/month
John Howard- he was the
Sheriff of Bedforshire, England
whose writing served to bring
about changes in the
development of penitentiary.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise- he
opened the Borstal prison,
considered as the best
reformatory institution for
young offenders.
Bridewell Work House- the
most popular workhouse inn
London, England, which was
build for the employment and
house of English prisoners.
Wulnut Street Jail- the first
American Penitentiary.
Dartmoor Prison- Known as
the HOUSE of HALFWAY to
HELL and constructed to
house French prisoners.
Hulks- these were abandoned
or unusual warships that were
coverted to prison as a means
of relieving congestion of
prisoner when transportation
system was abandoned. Also
called floating hell.
The two rival prison system:
Aurburn Prison System- “Congregate
system”
Prisoners are confined in their own
cells during the night and
congregate work in shops during the
day.
Pennsylvania- “Solitary Confinement”
Prisoners are confined
is single cells day and night.
Elmira Reformatory
Movement- considered as
the forerunner of modern
penology because it had
the elements of a modern
system.
Continuation………………
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