LACTOSE
INTOLERANCE
To discuss about Lactose 2
and Lactase enzyme.
To discuss digestion and
utilization of lactose.
To discuss about food
sources of lactose.
To define Lactose Intolerance
and its biochemical explanation.
To enumerate and differentiate
the different types of lactose
intolerance
To explain about laboratory
tests/procedures that can be
done to diagnose lactose
intolerance.
Lactose is a disaccharide. It is sugar composed of
galactose and glucose subunits bound together by a 1-4
glycosidic bond in a beta orientation.
Lactase enzyme is also called lactase-phlorizine
hydrolase enzyme, a part of the B-galactosidase family
of enzymes, found in the small intestine of mammals that
catalyses the breakdown of lactose into galactose and
glucose.
• Lactase is a transmembrane protein located in the lipid bilayer
membrane such that its active sites extend into the lumen of the
small intestine. When the enzyme lactase binds to the
disaccharide lactose, its active sites cleave lactose into two
constitute sugars: glucose and galactose.
• Glucose and galactose are then free to be absorbed through the
intestinal epithelial cells and transported into bloodatream.
Lactose is found in all milk products and may be added
as an ingredient to many different foods and beverages.
Food items that contain lactose are milk, milk solids,
whey, malted milk, yogurt, cheese, processed foods,
stuffing's and salad dressings.
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• Lactose Intolerance is a common disorder and is due to the
inability to digest lactose into its constituents, glucose and
galactose,
• Lactase deficiency is the most common form of disaccharide
deficiency.
• Enzyme levels are the highest shortly after birth and decline with
aging, despite continued intake of lactose.
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Dietary lactose must be hydrolysed to a
monosaccharide in order to be absorbed by the
small intestinal mucosa.
2
Deficiency of intestinal lactase prevents
hydrolysis of ingested lactose.
3
The osmotic load of the unabsorbed lactose
causes secretion of fluid and electrolytes until
osmotic equilibrium is reached.
4
Dilation of the intestine caused by the osmosis
induces an acceleration of small intestine transit,
which increases maldigestion.
5
Within the large intestine, free lactose is fermented by
colonic bacteria to yield short chain fatty acids and
hydrogen gas. The combined increased in fecal water,
intestinal transit, and hydrogen gas accounts for the wide
range of gastrointestinal symptoms.
FULLSCREEN PORTFOLIO
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2
Caused by Lactase Gradual Decrease Most Common
Non- Persistences of Expression Type
1
3
Caused by Certain Second most
Can be Resolved
Conditions Common
1
4
Caused by a Inherited Rare
Present at Birth
Mutation Disorder
1
5
Caused by Incomplete
Usually Improves
Premature Birth Intestinal
with Development
Development
1
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DIARRHEA
NAUSEA The signs and symptoms of
lactose intolerance usually
ABDOMINAL CRAMPS
begin 30 minutes to two
hours after eating or
drinking foods that contain
BLOATING
lactose. Common signs and
symptoms include:
GAS
2
0
OUR CEO: JESSICA BENDINGER
Cibo natum quidam mea no, ne eros ipsum quo. Quo adhuc molestiae te.
Habeo debitis adversarium at ius, eos ei consul sensibus, ne probo mundi cotidieque sit.
Mel erat repudiandae in, no quod debitis epicurei eam, te decore propriae has.
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2
1
A hydrogen breath test is a fairly
simple, noninvasive way to check
for sugar intolerance. However,
there are certain guidelines you
need to follow in the month leading
up to the test.
2
2
Do not eat or drink Do not take any antibiotics for
anything (including water)
Avoid Smoking
2-4 weeks before the test. Take
for at least 12 hours before only the medications approved
the hydrogen breath test. If by your doctor before the
you need to take medicine, procedure. Do not discontinue
take only with a small sip of any medication without first
water 12 hours before the consulting with your primary
procedure. or referring doctor.
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24
BLOOD SUGAR OR LACTOSE TOLERANCE
TEST
Like the hydrogen breath test, this test also requires you to drink a liquid with lactose.
After two hours, your doctor will take a blood sample to measure how much glucose is in
your blood.
If your blood glucose level does not rise, this means that your body is not digesting or
absorbing lactose.
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2
6
OUR CEO: JESSICA BENDINGER
Cibo natum quidam mea no, ne eros ipsum quo. Quo adhuc molestiae te.
Habeo debitis adversarium at ius, eos ei consul sensibus, ne probo mundi cotidieque sit.
Mel erat repudiandae in, no quod debitis epicurei eam, te decore propriae has.
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Avoid or reduce intake of milk products: lactose-free or lactose-reduced products
have become more readily available
Many patients tolerate small
amounts of milk (∼ 240
mL per day).
Awareness of lactose in
Use of alternative
processed foods or foods foods, such
other than dairy products as soy-based products
A wide variety Recommended when
of non-standardized ov traveling or before
er-the-counter lactase consuming food or
supplements are milk products
available containing lactose
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2
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Lactose intolerance is the inability to absorb lactose , caused by lactase deficiency. It may
be genetically determined or due to functional deficiency of the lactase enzyme in the
epithelium of the small intestine. Affected individuals develop abdominal symptoms after
consuming food and beverages that contains lactose. The condition may be managed well
with lactase supplements or avoiding lactose altogether.
Lactose intolerance is the inability to absorb lactose , caused by lactase
deficiency. It may be genetically determined or due to functional deficiency of
the lactase enzyme in the epithelium of the small intestine. Affected individuals
develop abdominal symptoms after consuming food and beverages that contains
lactose. The condition may be managed well with lactase supplements or
avoiding lactose altogether.
ANY QUESTIONS?
