Introduction to Software Project
Management
Lecture1
Software Crisis
Softwarecrisis is characterized by inability
to develop the desired Software Project
because of such problems:
Projects running over-budget.
Projects running over-time.
Software is inefficient.
Software is of low quality.
Software does not meet requirements.
Project is unmanageable/ Code difficult to
maintain.
A software engineer is
challenged to produce
high-quality software with
finite amount of resources
and to a predicted
schedule and budget.
3
Law of diminishing returns
Cost
Benefit
Making the engineering
decision!
4
Software Engineering
Software Engineering is not just
about producing software, but
about producing software in a
COST-EFFECTIVE manner.
5
The Balancing Act!
Potentially conflicting requirements
Cost vs. Efficiency
Cost vs. Reliability
Efficiency vs. User-interface
Challenge is to balance these
requirements.
6
Well-Engineered Software
Provides the required functionality
Reliable Efficient
User-friendly Maintainable
Cost-effective
7
Project planning and
management
Configuration
Management
management
quality assurance
Installation and training
Construction etc.
Requirements
Design
Coding
Testing
Maintenance
etc.
8
Software Engineering VS
Project management
Software Engineering is subject to
budget and schedule constraints.
Project Management ensures software
development done according to
organization’s constraints: policies,
goals, and requirements.
Common Process Framework
Framework Activities
Task Sets
TASKS
MILESONES, DELIVERABLES
SQA POINTS
Umbrella Activities
10
Project:
•Itis a Planned Activity
•A temporary activity undertaken to create a
unique product or service.
•Characteristics of a Project
• Temporary
• Have definite beginning and end
• Create unique product or service
• Have objective that indicate completion
Portfolio / Program / Project
Portfolio
A portfolio can be a collection of programs or projects and
without dependency between each other.
One example or portfolio would be to improve facility
services. It would be composed of a program to improve
water, other to improve electricity, other to improve gas.
Program
A program is a collection of related projects, but they all
share similar goals and would have benefits if coordinated
together. Managing each of them alone would not allow to
achieve same benefits.
Programs and projects are grouped to achieve strategic
business objectives.
Project has a specific goal and scope.
Project Management
Project management is the discipline of
planning, organizing, managing, leading,
and controlling resources to achieve
specific goals
It is the science of organizing the
components of a project, whether the
project is development of a new product,
the launch of a new service, a marketing
campaign,
Software Project Management (SPM)
Itis a process of managing, allocating
and timing resources to develop
computer software that meets
requirements.
SPM Tasks
Problem Identification
Problem Definition
Project Planning
Project Organization
Resource Allocation
Project Scheduling
Tracking, Reporting and Controlling
Project Termination
Effective Project
Management
4 P
People
Product
Before a software project is planned, the
product objectives and scope should be
established, technical and management
constraints should be identified.
Process
Here the important thing is to select an
appropriate process model to develop the
software.
Project
Software Projects vs other Type
of Projects
Invisibility
Complexity
Conformity(similarity)
Flexibility
Activates covered by SPM
Feasibility Study
Is it worth doing?
It has a valid business case
Planning
How do we do it?
Project Execution (Do It)
Requirements Analysis
Architecture Design
Detailed Design
Code and Testing
Integration
Installation
Acceptance Support
Information System Vs. Embedded
System
Information System
Willenable staff to carry out the office
process
Embedded System
Which controls machines
Objectives Vs. Products
Project aim is to produce a product or meet
certain objectives
Many projects have two stages
Objective Driven
Itresults in recommendation or Identify the need
for new software system(Requirments)
Product Driven
Itis actually to create a software
prodcut(implimentation)
Stakeholders
Internal to Project Team
External to Project Team but within the
same organization
External to both organization and
project team
Setting Objectives
Who actually own the project?
Objectives should define what the project
team must to achieve for project success
These are post conditions (outcomes) of a
project
Project authority is steering committee
It is responsible for setting, monitoring and
modifying objectives
Project manager is responsible runs the
project on a day to day basis
Sub Objectives and Goals
Keep objective cost within a certain
budget
In order to achieve objective we must
achieve certain goals or sub objectives
first.
Objectives must be
Measurable(effectiveness)
Achievable
Relevant(obj relevent to project)
Time Constrained (starting and ending date)
Business Case
Projects need to have justification or
business case
Justification is based on cost-benefit
analysis of a project
Project Success and Failure
Project plan should be designed to
ensure project success by preserving the
business case for the project
Project objectives vs. Business
Objectives
Project Objectives
The agreed functionality, required level of
quality, on time, within budget
What is Management?
Planning(how we do it)
Organizing(arrange activity)
Staffing(resourse allocation)
Directing(instrucation to staff)
Monitoring(check project&process)
Controlling(control activities)
Innovating(always come up new idea)
Representing(how to communicate the
stack holder)
Text Book
Software
Project Management by Bob
Hughes and Mike Cotterell, 5th Edition
