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Wind Loading

This document discusses wind loading standards and how to calculate wind loads on buildings. It covers the British Standard BS 6399-2:1997 for wind load calculations and the key factors involved, including basic wind speed, height and terrain factors, directionality, dynamic pressure, and external and internal pressure coefficients. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate how to determine the effective wind speed, dynamic pressure, and resulting wind loads on a building using the standard method outlined in BS 6399-2:1997.

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Khairul
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63 views34 pages

Wind Loading

This document discusses wind loading standards and how to calculate wind loads on buildings. It covers the British Standard BS 6399-2:1997 for wind load calculations and the key factors involved, including basic wind speed, height and terrain factors, directionality, dynamic pressure, and external and internal pressure coefficients. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate how to determine the effective wind speed, dynamic pressure, and resulting wind loads on a building using the standard method outlined in BS 6399-2:1997.

Uploaded by

Khairul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wind Loading

 Background
 Standards
 Design
Wind Loading

 Page 2
Wind Loading

 Page 3
Wind Loading

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Wind Loading
 CP3: Chapter V: Part 2

Code of basic data for the design of buildings


Chapter V . Loadings Part 2. Wind loads

 BS 6399-2:1997

Loadings for buildings Part2: Code of practice


for wind loads

 Page 5
Wind Loading - CP3
 Wind Speed - 3 second gust

 Exposure

Open Country

Open Country, scattered wind breaks

Small towns, outskirts of cities

City centres

 Building Height

 Page 6
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Wind Speed - hourly mean

 Height above sea level

 Distance from sea

 Exposure

Town

Country

 Building height

 Page 7
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Standard Method

 Directional Method

 Page 8
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Site Wind Speed

Vs = Vb x Sa x Sd x Ss x Sp

Vb – Basic wind speed

Sa – Altitude factor

Sd – Direction factor

Ss – Seasonal factor

Sp – Probability factor

 Page 9
Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399
 Altitude factor

Sa = 1+ 0.001x Height above sea level

If topography not significant

 As a generalisation any building more than half-way up a


hill, or an on a ridge or cliff will have increase wind
loading and a more detailed calculation of Sa will be
required

 Page 11
Wind Loading - BS6399

 Page 12
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Sd – Direction factor

 Page 13
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Ss – Seasonal factor = 1

 Sp – Probability factor = 1

1 in 50 years storm

 Page 14
Example calculation

Vs = V b x S a x S d x S s x S p

Sa =1.005

Sd =1

Ss = 1

Sp = 1

Vs = 16.63 x 1.01 x 1 x 1 x1 = 16.80 m/s

 Page 15
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Effective wind speed
Ve = Vs x Sb

Sb = Terrain & Building Factor

 Site in town or country

 Distance from the sea

 Page 16
Wind Loading - BS6399

 Page 17
Building size:
Example calculation
H = 26.2 m
L = 44.3 m
Ve = Vs x Sb

Sb = 1.97 for distance 30 km from sea and He = 26.2 m

Ve = Vs x Sb = 16.80 x 1.932 = 32.5 m/s

 Page 18
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Dynamic Pressure

qs = 0.613 x Ve2

qs = 0.613 x (32.5)2 = 647.5 N/m2

= 0.65 kN/m2

 Page 19
Wind Loading - BS6399
 Pressure to structure

 External pressure

pe = qs x Cpe x Ca

Cpe is the external pressure coefficient

Ca is the size effect factor = 1

 Page 20
Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

 Internal pressure

pi = qs x Cpi x Ca

Cpi is the internal pressure coefficient

Ca is the size effect factor = 1

 Page 23
Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399
 Wind Loads

p = pe - pi

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

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Wind Loading - BS6399

 Page 30
Malaysia Wind Map

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 Page 32
Wind speed gust

 Page 33
 Page 34 *Sources of data: Razali, A.M et al, Mapping of Annual Extreme Wind Speed
Analysis from 12 Stations in Peninsular Malaysia

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