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This document discusses different theories of motivation. It outlines definitions of motivation from several researchers that reference the direction, effort, and persistence of goal-oriented actions. The document also discusses underlying properties of motivation as an individual phenomenon aimed at intentional behavior with many influencing factors. Specific motivation theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Y, and Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory which distinguishes between motivating and dissatisfying job factors.

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51 views7 pages

Presentation 1

This document discusses different theories of motivation. It outlines definitions of motivation from several researchers that reference the direction, effort, and persistence of goal-oriented actions. The document also discusses underlying properties of motivation as an individual phenomenon aimed at intentional behavior with many influencing factors. Specific motivation theories covered include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Y, and Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory which distinguishes between motivating and dissatisfying job factors.

Uploaded by

aliyi ahmed
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 8

Motivation
• According to Stephen P Robbins, "We define motivation as he
willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational
goals, conditioned by the effort's ability to satisfy some
individual needs.“

• According to S. Zedeck and M. Blood, " Motivation is a


predisposition to act in a specific goal directed way."
• According to Atkinson J.W,"(Motivation is) the immediate
influences on the direction, vigour and persistence of action."
• According to S.W Gellerman, "(Motivation is) steering one's
actions toward certain goals and committing a certain part of
one's energies to reach them."
• Motivation has certain underlying properties:
1. It is an individual phenomenon : Each individual is unique,
and this fact must be recognized.
2. Motivation is intentional :When an employee does
something, it is because he or she has chosen to do it.
3. Motivation has many facets : Researchers have analyzed
various aspects of motivation, including how it is aroused,
how it is directed, what influences its persistence, and how it
is stopped.
4. The purpose of motivation theories is to predict behavior
Human Factor and Motivation

• The followings are still the best-known explanations for


employee motivation.
1) Hierarchy of Needs' Theory,
2) Theories X and Y, and
3) Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Motivation-hygiene Theory

 Motivation Factors
 According to Herzberg, building motivation factors into a job produces
job
satisfaction. This process is known as job enrichment.
 The motivation factors were identified as responsibility, achievement,
recognition,
advancement and the work itself.
 These factors relate to the content of the job and what the employee
actually does
on the job.
Hygiene Factors

• Job dissatisfaction occurs when the hygiene factors are either


not present or not sufficient.
 The hygiene factors were company policy and administration,
technical supervision, interpersonal relations with one's
supervisor and working conditions, salary and status.
 These factors relate to the context of the job and may be
considered support
factors.
 They do not directly affect a person's motivation to work but
influence the
extent of the person's discontent.
Cont…
• These factors cannot stimulate psychological growth or
human development.
• Excellent hygiene factors result in employees' being not
dissatisfied and contribute to the absence of complaints
about these contextual considerations.

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