INTRODUCTION TO
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
-CHE PROBLEM AND PROFESSION-
SISWO SUMARDIONO
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
What are Chemical Engineers?
“Chemical engineers” use math, physical sciences
(physics, chemistry), life sciences (biology,
microbiology and biochemistry), and economics to
solve practical problems. The difference between
chemical engineers and other types of engineers is
that they apply a knowledge of chemistry in addition
to other engineering disciplines. Chemical engineers
may be called “universal engineers” because their
scientific and technical mastery is so extensive.
What is the Chemical Engineering ?
From www.wikipedia.org
Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with physical science (e.g.,
chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with
mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into
more useful or valuable forms.
Raw materials
Chemical process
Products & profits
History of Chemical Engineering
Before 18th Century:
Industrial chemicals were mainly produced through
batch processing.
Industrial Revolution (1700-1800):
Industrial production shifted from batch to
continuous processing.
History of Chemical Engineering
ChE Principles:
1805 - John Dalton published Atomic Weights, allowing
chemical equations to be balanced and the basis for
chemical engineering mass balances.
1824 - Sadi Carnot was the first to study the
thermodynamics of combustion reactions.
1850 - Rudolf Clausius applied the principles developed
by Carnot to chemical systems at the atomic to
molecular scale.
History of Chemical Engineering
ChE Principles:
1873 to 1876 - Josiah Willard Gibbs developed a
mathematical-based, graphical methodology, for the
study of chemical systems using the thermodynamics
of Clausius.
1882 - Hermann von Helmholtz showed that measure
of chemical affinity is determined by the measure of
the free energy of the reaction process.
1883 - Osborne Reynolds defines the dimensionless
group for fluid flow, leading to practical scale-up and
understanding of flow, heat and mass transfer
History of Chemical Engineering
ChE Education:
1882 – a course in "Chemical Technology" is offered at
University College London.
1885 –a course in "chemical engineering" is offered at
Central College (later Imperial College), London.
1888 –a new curriculum at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) started: Course X, Chemical
Engineering.
Course X at MIT: "to meet the needs of students who desire a general training in
mechanical engineering, and at the same time to devote a portion of their time to the
study of the applications of chemistry to the arts, especially to those engineering
problems which relate to the use and manufacture of chemical products."
History of Chemical Engineering
ChE Institutes:
1908 – the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(AIChE) is founded.
1922 – the UK Institution of Chemical Engineers
(IChemE) is founded.
1996 – the Thailand Institute of Chemical Engineering
and Applied Chemistry (TiChE) is founded.
A Century of ChE Profession
What are the great accomplishments do we
come up with?
K A R I E R & SKILL
What some Chemical Engineers do for living ?
About 45% work at industry (petrochemical, oil and
gas, textile, pulp and paper, food and beverages)
About 35% work at government, consultant,
engineering construction, and specific industry
About 10% pursue master degree (and PhD:
lecturer, researcher)
About 10% work at another field: bank, business,
and politic
SKILL
What some Chemical Engineers do in chemical
manufacturing process ?
Chemist
Discover that if two reactants are mixed in a certain proportion
at an elevated temperature, a product significantly more
valuable than both reactants will be obtained
How should the product be manufactured using a
process based on this reaction ?
Engineering
Problem
Engineering Problem
1. What type reactor should be used ?
A long pipe ? A large tank ? Several smaller tanks ?
How large ?
Made of what ?
Does it have to be heated ? If so, how much and how ?
With an electrical heater inside or outside the reactor ?
By passing a hot fluid through a heating coil in the reactor ?
Does the reaction supply its own heat, so that heating is needed
only for startup ? If so, can the reactor “run away” and possibly
explode ? Should control measures be introduced to prevent this ?
What kind ?
Engineering Problem
2. Where should be reactants be obtained ?
Buy them, or make them ?
In what proportions should they be fed to the reactor ?
In what condition should they be fed to the reactor ?
Phase
Pressure
Temperature
Engineering Problem
3. Product from reactor that contain unconverted reactant
Be sold as is, or should the product be separated from the
reactants and the latter be sent back to the reactor ?
If separation is desirable, how can it be accomplished ?
Heat the mixture ?
Cool the mixture ? What kind of
Add another substances ? equipment
What size
What material
Are controls needed
Manual or automatic
Engineering Problem
4. Sistem transportasi
Gravity
Pump
Blower
What kind of
Compressor equipment
Conveyor What size
What material
Are controls needed
Manual or automatic
Engineering Problem
Engineering Problem
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
1. FUELING THE WORLD’S ECONOMIES
• The world's economy needs energy to keep it
moving.
• Chemical engineers stretch fossil fuels into various
energy supplies, e.g. gasoline, diesel, jet oil, etc.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
2. CREATING CLEANER ENERGY
Chemical engineers are creating a new generation of
clean energy technologies.
- Nuclear power plant
- NiMH battery
- Alternative energies such as Air , Wind, Water,
Solar, etc.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
NiMH battery for vehicles
Air for vehicles
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
3. PRODUCTS FOR GROWING POPULATIONS
- Water purification
- Water desalination
- GMO foods
- Green productions
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
4. REMOVING HARMFUL SULFUR FROM FUELS
- Catalytic converter for car’s exhausted gas
- Unleaded gasoline gasohol
- Air pollution control
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
5. BETTER LIVING THROUGH CHEMISTRY
Chemical engineers have made plastics possible.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
http://www.bmw-security-vehicles.com
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
6. STRETCHING NATURAL RESOURCES
Chemical engineers make innovative materials.
- Synthetic rubbers
- Bio-plastics
- Kevlar
- etc.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
Kevlar Vests
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
7. LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Even if a product was created by a scientist, there
is a good chance it was perfected and made
practical by chemical engineers.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
Penicillin Discovery
In 1929, Sir Alexander Fleming discovered a strain of mould
that inhibit bacteria Straphylococus growth, called penicillin.
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
8. CONVENIENT & ABUNDANT FOOD
When popping your favorite ready-to-eat meal in the
microwave, thank chemical engineers!
- Processed food, canned food
- Powder coffee, Powder milk
- Sterilized food
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
9. HEALING DISEASES & EXTENDING LIFE
Chemical engineering has advanced medical
science, improving the quality of life and saving
millions of lives.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
Dialysis (Artificial Kidneys)
www.kidneycaregroup.com
TOP 10 Chemical Engineering Contribution
to Society
10.POWERING THE PERSONAL COMPUTER
The tools chemical engineers use to improve
computers may have long-winded names, but their
advances make our gadgets all the more powerful.
- Germanium-based silicon chips that help your
laptop perform faster.
- From thin-film liquid crystal displays to software
that simulates complex industrial processes.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2010
Chemical Engineers in Action
1. Energy
2. Environment
3. Material Sciences
4. Semiconductor Manufacturing
5. Bio-medic
6. Food
Jobs Opportunity for ChE
ChE Salaries Survey (by AIChE in 2013)
• Salaries vary with experience ($67,000 for chemical
engineers with fewer than six years of experience to about
$140,000 for those with more than 30 years).
• Other factors, including age, gender, education, job function,
and industry, were also examined for their impact on
chemical engineers’ paychecks.
• The variables having the largest impact on salaries are years
of work experience, time with current employer, and time
taken off for family reasons.
UREA INDUSTRY
CEMENT INDUSTRY
OIL PROCESSING
FOOD AND BEVERAGE
SOAP, DETERGENT, PERFUME
SUGAR INDUSTRY
Home Work # 1
Write in a few sentences how
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
will help you in your career
Points of view below :
What some Chemical Engineers do for living
What some Chemical Engineers do in chemical
manufacturing process
Engineering Problem
THANK
YOU
