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Gas Turbine Maintenance
Compressor Water Wash
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WATER WASH
• Gas Turbines will show a performance loss during
operation as a result of contaminant deposits on
internal components.
• This loss is indicated by a decrease in power output
and an increase in heat rate.
• The deposit of contaminants on compressor parts
occurs with the ingestion of air.
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INGESTION
• The ingested air may contain:
– dirt
– dust
– insects
– hydrocarbon fumes
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INGESTION
• Most of the contaminants can be removed before they
get to the compressor by inlet air filtration. But,
• Dry and wet contaminants that get through the filters,
have to be removed from the compressor by Water
Washing.
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Compressor Blade Fouling
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EQUIPMENT
• Water Washing Equipment can consist of:
– Water Storage Tank
– Detergent Storage Tank.
– Detergent Injection System.
– Water Injection System to Provide the Solution at the Proper
Flow, Pressure and Temperature.
– Drains from the Inlet Plenum, Combustion Area, Exhaust
Plenum and Delivery Piping.
– Waste Water Tank
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DURING THE WATER WASH
• A water or water and soap solution is delivered
through piping to the gas turbine in the proper mix
ratio.
• The solution should be delivered at the proper
pressure, temperature and flow rate.
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WATER REQUIREMENTS
• The water that is used should be reasonably clean so as
not to cause further fouling or corrosion.
• Distilled or Deionized water is recommended.
– Refer to GEK 103623
• Oily or varnished oil deposits require a detergent
solution water wash.
– Refer to GEK 103623 Appendix 1
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WASHING FREQUENCY
• Washing frequency depends on the severity and type
of atmospheric contamination.
• The recommended method for establishing the
frequency is to monitor the gas turbines performance.
• Then compare the routine performance with the
baseline performance and observe trends.
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WASHING FREQUENCY
• If performance has fallen significantly and compressor
fouling is suspected, a visual inspection is recommended.
• Corrective action should be taken if oily deposits are
found.
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ONLINE WASHING FREQUENCY
• On-Line
– The period between off-line washes can be extended with
frequent on-line washes.
– If heavy fouling is suspected, an off-line water wash is
recommended.
– GE recommends against the use of detergents during an on-
line water wash.
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OFFLINE WASHING FREQUENCY
• Off-Line
– Scheduled during normal shutdown.
– Allow for proper cooling of the engine.
– If required, heat the water wash solution to proper
temperature.
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WHEELSPACE TEMPERATURE
REQUIREMENTS
• Before offline water washing of the compressor begins,
the turbine blade temperature must be low enough so
the water does not cause thermal shock (as indicated by
wheelspace temperatures).
• The max differential temperature between the solution
and turbine wheelspaces should not exceed 120 degrees.
• The max wheelspace temperature should not exceed 150
degrees.
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TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS
• Hot water is generally most effective, (150 - 200
degrees).
• Compressor inlet temperature:
– Must be > 50 degrees for on-line water wash with inlet bleed
heat off.
– On-line water washes should not be performed with inlet
bleed heat on. If IBH cycles on for any reason, suspend the
water wash.
– Must be > 40 degrees for off-line water wash at cranking
speed.
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SITE PROCEDURES
• It is recommended that a site / unit-specific procedure
and checklist be created by each customer and should
include the following:
– Configuring the unit for the wash.
– Performance of the water wash.
– Restoration following the water wash.
• See GEK 103623 for reference.
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Water
Tank
Sight
Glass
Rinse Cycle
Recirc Line
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Soap
Tank
Sight
Glass
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Eductor
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Off Line On Line
WW Valve WW Valve
Orifice Plates to
Control Flow Rates
Water/Soap
Supply
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Soap Tank
Recirc Line &
Solenoid Valve
Supply to GT
High Performance Soap Tank
Manual Soap
Regulating Valve Flow Meter
Eductor (Soap)
Pump
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Rinse Water
Recirc Solenoid
Valve
Flow Meter
(Soap)
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Pump Discharge
Valve
High Performance
Manual Soap
Regulating Valve
Eductor Check
Valve
Manual
Stop Valve
Check
Valve Pump Suction
Valve
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