COMPARATIVES
DEGREE AND
PASSIVE VOICE
1.Akhdan Taufiqul R
2.F.A Hendy Setyo
3.Imtinan S
4.Marta Amalia K
5.Mohammad Rizky R.K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01.COMPARATIVES 02.PASSIVE
DEGREE
Comparative adjectives VOICE
Functions of the passive voice
Superlative adjectives Forming the passive voice
Forming regular comparatives and
superlatives
COMPARATI
VES
ADJECTIVES
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two
objects they modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher).
They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern:
Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).
The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context
(final example below).
EXAMPLES
My house is larger than hers.
his box is smaller than the one I lost.
Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
The rock flew higher than the roof.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is
understood)
SUPERLATIVES
ADJETIVES
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object
which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality (the
tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They
are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a
group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective +
noun (object).
The group that is being compared with can be omitted if
it is clear from the context (final example below).
EXAMPLES
My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest.
("of all the rocks" is understood)
Forming Regular Comparatives and Superlatives
Forming comparatives and superlatives is easy.
The form depends on the number of syllables in
the original adjective.
j m p
e p e
c a r
Onet syllable
r l adjectives
i a a
Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a
v t t
consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be
e i i
doubled
v before
v adding the ending.
e e
Adjective
t t t
Comparative Superlative
a a a
talll l l taller tallest
l l l
fat e e fatter fattest
r s
big t bigger biggest
sadf f f sadder saddest
a a a
t t t
t t
e e
r s
t
b b b
i i i
g g g
PASSIVE
VOICE
Functions of the passive voice
The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that
experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the
action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the
subject of the sentence.
Examples
The passive voice is used frequently. (= we are interested in the passive
voice, not in who uses it.)
The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who
built it.)
The road is being repaired. (= we are interested in the road, not in the
people who are doing the repairs.)
Sometimes we use the passive voice because we don't know or do
not want to express who performed the action.
Examples
I noticed that a window had been left open.
Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
All the cookies have been eaten.
My car has been stolen!
The passive voice is often used in formal texts. Switching to
the active voice will make your writing clearer and easier to
read.
Passive Active
A great deal of meaning is co A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of
nveyed by a few well-chosen words. meaning.
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases. A mass of gases wrap around our planet.
Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of The city disposes of waste materials in a variety
ways. of ways.
If we want to say who or what performs the action while using the passive
voice, we use the preposition by. When we know who performed the action
and are interested in him, it is always better to switch to the active voice
instead.
Passive Active
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles. The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night".
The movie ET was directed by Spielberg. Spielberg directed the movie ET.
This house was built by my father. My father built this house.
Forming the passive voice
The passive voice in English is composed of two elements:
the appropriate form of the verb 'to be' + past participle
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative Interrogative
The house was built in The house wasn't built in Was the house built in Wasn't the house built in
1899. 1899. 1899? 1899?
These houses were built These houses weren't Were these houses built Weren't these houses
in 1899. built in 1899. in 1899? built in 1899?
To clean, passive voice
Subject + to be (conjugated) + past participle + rest of sentence
Simple present
The house is cleaned every day.
Present continuous
The house is being cleaned at the moment.
Simple past
The house was cleaned yesterday.
Past continuous
The house was being cleaned last week.
Present perfect
The house has been cleaned since you left.
Past perfect
The house had been cleaned before they arrived.
Future
The house will be cleaned next week.
Future continuous
The house will be being cleaned tomorrow.
Present conditional
The house would be cleaned if they had visitors.
Past conditional
The house would have been cleaned if it had been dirty.
Inifinitive
The house must be cleaned before we arrive.
Past perfect
The house had been cleaned before they arrived.
Passive voice with infinitives
The infinitive passive voice is used after modal verbs and other most verbs
normally followed by an infinitive.
EXAMPLES
You have to be tested on your English grammar.
John might be promoted next year.
She wants to be invited to the party.
I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
You may be disappointed.
Passive voice with gerunds
Gerunds are used after prepositions and verbs normally followed by a
gerund.
EXAMPLES
I remember being taught to drive.
The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.
Most film stars hate being interviewed.
Most film stars hate to be interviewed.
Poodles like to be pampered.
Poodles like being pampered.
Using "to be born"
"To be born" is a passive form and is most commonly used in the past
tense. However, in some cases, the present or future tense is appropriate.
Examples
I was born in 1976.
Where were you born?
Around 100 babies are born in this hospital
every week.
We don't know on exactly which day the baby
will be born.
THANKS!! :)
