TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
C
KAREEN P. BETARMOS
INSTRUCTOR
How do you communicate?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN
HUMAN COMMUNICATION?
• Since communication is generally defined as the exchange of
thoughts, ideas, and views between or among people, various
context come into play.
• Context is the circumstance or environment in which
communication takes place.
• Such circumstances may include the physical or the actual setting,
the value positions of a speaker and/or listener, and the relevance
or appropriateness of a message conveyed.
Communication according to Mode:
a. Verbal Communication
• involves an exchange of information through face-
to-face, audio and/or video call, lectures, meetings,
radio, and television
• Written which involves texts or words encoded and
transmitted such as memos, letters, reports, online
chats, SMS, e-mail, journals, and other written
documents
Communication according to Mode:
• a. Verbal Communication
• Occurs through the medium of spoken or written.
• A combination of several words is used and each word
conveys a specific meaning
• Subtypes of verbal communication:
- Spoken communication
- Written communication
- Telecommunication
- Electronic communication
Communication according to Mode:
Mode
• b. Nonverbal Communication
• Occurs without words; where the five senses & whole range of body movements, posture, gesture, facial
expressions & silence are used for sending & receiving the message.
• Is a more accurate way of communication because it conveys the true and intended meaning of the message.
• Non-verbal which involves the use of the following to convey or emphasize a message of information
Communication according to Mode:
• Voice – includes tone, speech, rate, pitch, pauses, and volume
• Body language – includes facial expressions, gestures, postures, and eye
contact
• Personal space and distance – refers to an area of space and distance
that a person from a different culture, personality, age, sex, and status
adopts and puts for another person
• Personal appearance – refers to how a person presents himself/herself
to a particular situation, whether formal or informal
Communication according to Mode:
c. Visual Communication
• Uses visuals to convey information and/or messages.
• Some examples are signs, symbols, imageries, maps, graphs,
charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings/illustrations.
• Some examples of electronic symbols or images are emojis,
emoticons, and animations, among others to convey emotions
and/or feelings that are achieved through digital mode.
• It is important to decode the meaning correctly by contextualizing
the information received
Communication according to Context:
1. Intrapersonal Communication
• Takes place within an individual.
• intra- means within or inside
• Some label it as self-talk, inner-talk, inner monologue, and inner
dialogue; while psychologists call it self-verbalization or self-
statement.
• It is crucial because it provides a person with an opportunity to
assess the self or a situation, before acting on it, ultimately
affecting the person’s behavior.
Communication according to Context:
2. Interpersonal Communication
• Is the process of exchange of information, ideas, and feelings
between two or more people through the verbal or non-verbal
method.
• Includes face-to-face exchange of information, in a form of voice,
facial expressions, body language, and gestures.
• The level of one’s interpersonal communication skills is
measured through the effectiveness of transferring messages to
others.
Communication according to Context:
3. Transpersonal Communication
• Takes place within a person’s spiritual domain.
• The purpose is to realize selfhood, enhance spirituality
and answer questions that are spiritual in nature.
• Examples: confession to the priest, sharing at GKK,
priest giving the homily
Communication according to Context:
4. Extended Communication
• Involves the use of electronic media, and messages are
transmitted quickly.
• It includes tele, audio, or phone communication; video
conferencing; Skype call; and other technological means.
• Participants may not be physically present, but are still able to
track down the lectures and participate actively because of the
mass articulation and dissemination of information, allowing
speakers to reach a wider group of listeners.
Communication according to Context:
5. Small-group Communication
• Refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected
through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity.
• A small group requires a minimum of three people (because two people
would be a pair or dyad).
• While there is no set upper limit on the number of group members, it makes
sense that the number of group members should be limited to those
necessary to accomplish the goal or serve the purpose of the group.
• Examples: conferences, staff meetings for a report update
Communication according to Context:
6. Public Communication
• Happens when individuals and groups engage in
dialogue in the public sphere in order to deliver a
message to a specific audience.
• Requires essential skills to influence people at large and
media material to reach member of the public clearly and
loudly.
• Examples: miting de avance , a candidate giving his
platforms
Communication according to Context:
7. Organizational Communication
• Takes place when individuals and groups within an
organization communicate with each other to achieve
established organizational goals.
• Also refers to communication that takes place in business
environments.
• Examples: director presenting the new rules, club officers
discussion during a meeting, stockholders meeting
Communication according to Context:
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
A. Formal
Allows communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between
positions in the organization
Approaches of Formal Organizational Structure
Downward Communication or Top-down
Communication flows from upper to lower position.
Example: From president → manager → staff
Upward Communication or Bottom-up
Communication flows from lower to the upper position.
Example: From staff → manager → president
Communication according to Context:
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
A. Formal
Horizontal Communication or Lateral
Communication takes place among people belonging to the same level but coming
from different departments or units to facilitate performance of tasks through proper
coordination.
Crosswise Communication or Diagonal
Communication takes place when people from different departments or units work at
various levels, and communicate with each other.
Communication according to Context:
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
B. Informal
Comes from unofficial channels of message flow.
Also known as “grapevine” messages coming from
different levels of the organization due to the
dissatisfaction of some people accompanied by uncertainty
Communication according to
Purpose and Style:
A. Formal Communication
• Follows line of authority and is generally used in organization to achieve
organizational objectives.
• Employs formal language delivered orally or written from.
• Lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports, and
business letters, among others are considered formal situations and writings.
• While lectures and speeches are delivered orally, the texts have been thought
out carefully and written well before they are delivered.
• To inform, to entertain, and to persuade are the main objectives.
Communication according to
Purpose and Style:
• B. Informal Communication
• Does not employ formal language, and does not follow the line of authority.
• Involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members,
or acquaintances about anything under the sun.
• The mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday talks and
phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail messages, personal notes,
letters, or text messages, and private messages.
• The purpose is simply to socialize and enhance relationships.
What type of Communication is this
scenario?
Speaker A: Hello! I am ___________. And you?
Speaker B: Oh, I am ________. Glad to meet you. How are you related to the
bride?
Speaker A: She is my cousin. Her mom and mine are sisters. How about you?
Speaker B: She was my high school classmate. I never knew anything about her
personal life so we were kind of surprised when she sent us the invitation. As
always, she is very private.
Speaker A: I see. Well, she’s really like that. Ever since we were kids, she has
always been a very quiet person.
What type of Communication is this
scenario?
Speaker A: Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the nearest mall?
Speaker B: Yes. In fact, you may go there on foot or simply take a jeepney. If
you walk, it will take you about 20 minutes to get there. You can just take the
exit gate near the hospital then turn left and walk straight ahead. You won’t miss
it because of the big sign. Jeepneys take the same route and it should not take
you more than 10 minutes even with the traffic.
Speaker A: Thank you very much. I think I will just take the public
transportation as I am running out of time. You have been very helpful. Thanks
again.
Thank you and God Bless!
