CLOUD COMPUTING
(CSE8146)
MODULE 1
WORKING WITH PRIVATE CLOUD
Prepared By:
Ambika Gupta
Asst. Prof. (Dept. of CEA)
GLA University, Mathura
AGENDA
• Concept of Hypervisor
• Basics of Virtualization
• Virtualization Technologies
• Server Virtualization
• VM Migration Techniques
• Role of Virtualization in cloud computing
• Business cases for the need of cloud computing
environment
• Concept of Private cloud
• Characteristics of private cloud
• Private Cloud Deployment models
• Private Cloud vendors
• Virtual Private Cloud
• Case Study on AWS, IBM and 2 Microsoft 2
NEED OF VIRTUALIZATION
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VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization is a technique, which allows to
share single physical instance of an application
or resource among multiple organizations or
tenants (customers).
It does so by assigning a logical name to a
physical resource and providing a pointer to
that physical resource on demand.
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1. HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION
• When virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the hardware system is known as
hardware virtualization.
• After virtualization of hardware system we can install
different operating system on it and run different
applications on those OS.
• Usage:
• Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server
platforms, because controlling virtual machines is
much easier than controlling a physical server.
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HYPERVISOR (VMM)
• A hypervisor is a hardware virtualization
technique that allows multiple guest operating
systems (OS) to run on a single host system at
the same time.
• The guest OS shares the hardware of the host
computer, such that each OS appears to have
its own processor, memory and other
hardware resources.
• A hypervisor is also known as a virtual
machine manager (VMM). 8
FULL VIRTUALIZATION
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FULL VIRTUALIZATION
• Type 1: Native or bare-metal hypervisors:
These run directly on the host computer’s
hardware to control the hardware resources
and to manage guest operating systems.
Examples: Citrix XenServer
Microsoft Hyper-V
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FULL VIRTUALIZATION
Advantages:
• This type of virtualization provide best isolation and security
for Virtual machine.
• Truly isolated multiple guest OS can run simultaneously on
same hardware.
• It's only option that requires no hardware assist or OS assist
to virtualize sensitive and privileged instructions.
Limitations:
• Full virtualization is usually bit slower, because of all
emulation.
• Hypervisor contains the device driver and it might be
difficult for new device drivers to be installed by users. 11
PARA VIRTUALIZATION
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PARA VIRTUALIZATION
• Type 2: Hosted hypervisors: These run within
a formal operating system environment.
• Unlike full virtualization where a whole system
is emulated (BIOS, disk, processor etc.), the
Para virtualization's management module (A
hypervisor or virtual machine monitor)
operates with an operating system that has
been modified to work in a virtual machine.
• Example: VMware
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PARA VIRTUALIZATION
Advantages:
• Guest OS can directly communicate with
hypervisor.
• This is an efficient virtualization.
• Allows users to make use of new or modified
device drivers.
Limitations:
• It requires the guest OS to be modified in order to
interact with Para virtualization interfaces.
• It requires significant support and maintainability
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PARTIAL VIRTUALIZATION
• Partial Emulation of the underlying
hardware.
• Not allows complete isolation of the guest
OS.
• When entire operating systems cannot run
in the virtual machine, but some or many
applications can.
• Basically, it partially simulates the physical
hardware of a system. 15
2. NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION
• It is the management and monitoring of an entire
computer network as a single administrative entity
from a single software-based administrator’s console.
• It is designed to allow network optimization of data
transfer rates, flexibility, scalability, reliability and
security.
• All network servers and services are considered as
one pool of resources, which may be used without
regard to the physical components.
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NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION
Types of Network Virtualization
• Internal network: Enables a single system to
function like a network. It configures single system
with containers, creating a network in a box.
• External network: Consolidation of multiple
networks into a single one, or segregation of a
single network into multiple ones. It combines local
networks, or subdivides them into virtual networks.
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3. STORAGE VIRTUALIZATION
• It is the process of grouping the physical storage from
multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a
single storage device.
• It is also implemented by using software applications.
Usage:
• It is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.
• Partitioning your hard drive into multiple partitions is
an example of this virtualization.
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STORAGE VIRTUALIZATION
Types of Storage Virtualization:
• Block Virtualization – Multiple storage
devices are consolidated into one.
• File Virtualization – Storage system grants
access to files that are stored over multiple
hosts.
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4. MEMORY VIRTUALIZATION
• Physical memory across different servers is
aggregated into a single virtualized memory
pool.
• It provides the benefit of an enlarged
contiguous working memory.
• You may already be familiar with this, as
some OS such as Microsoft Windows OS
allows a portion of your storage disk to
serve as an extension of your RAM. 21
MEMORY VIRTUALIZATION
Types of Memory Virtualization
• Application-level control – Applications
access the memory pool directly.
• Operating system level control – Access to
the memory pool is provided through an
operating system.
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APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION
• Requiring fewer resources compared to using a
separate virtual machine.
• Allowing incompatible applications to run on a local
machine simultaneously.
• Facilitating more rapid application deployment.
• Facilitating security by isolating applications from the
local OS.
• Allowing applications to be copied to portable media
and used by other client computers, with no need for
local installation.
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5. SOFTWARE VIRTUALIZATION
• It involves the creation of an operation of
multiple virtual environments on the host
machine.
• It creates a computer system complete with the
hardware that lets the guest operating system to
run.
• For example, it lets you run Android OS on a host
machine natively using a Microsoft Windows OS,
utilizing the same hardware as the host machine
does. 26
SOFTWARE VIRTUALIZATION
Types of Software Virtualization:
• Operating System Virtualization– hosting
multiple OS on the native OS.
• Application Virtualization– hosting individual
applications in a virtual environment separate
from the native OS.
• Service Virtualization– hosting specific processes
and services related to a particular application.
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OPERATING SYSTEM VIRTUALIZATION
• When the virtual machine manager (VMM)
is installed on the Host operating
system instead of directly on the hardware
system is known as operating system
virtualization.
Usage:
• It is mainly used for testing the applications
on different platforms of OS.
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6. DATA VIRTUALIZATION
• It is the process of aggregating data from
different sources of information to develop a
single, logical view of information so that it can
be accessed by front-end solutions such as
applications, dashboards and portals without
having to know the data's exact storage
location.
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DATA VIRTUALIZATION
• It lets you easily manipulate data, as the data is
presented as an abstract layer completely
independent of data structure and database systems.
• Decreases data input and formatting errors.
• Abstraction of technical aspects of stored data, such
as:
• Application programming interface
• Location
• Storage structure
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DATA VIRTUALIZATION
• Connection to dissimilar data sources and the ability
to make data accessible from a single place.
• Data transformation, quality improvement and
integration of data, depending on the business
requirements.
• Ability to combine the data result sets across
multiple sources (also known as the data federation)
• Ability to deliver the data as requested by users.
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7. DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION
• It is a virtualization technology that separates an
individual's PC applications from his or her
desktop.
• Virtualized desktops are generally hosted on a
remote central server, rather than the hard drive
of the personal computer. Because the client-
server computing model is used in virtualizing
desktops.
• It is also known as client virtualization.
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DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION
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DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION
• The user’s desktop is stored on a remote
server, allowing the user to access his/her
desktop from any device or location.
• Employees can work conveniently from the
comfort of their home. Since the data
transfer takes place over secure protocols,
any risk of data theft is minimized.
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DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION
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DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION
Advantages:
• Including a lower total cost of ownership,
increased security, reduced energy costs,
centralized management.
Limitations:
• It includes difficulty in maintenance and set up
of printer drivers.
• Increased downtime in case of network failures.
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ROLE OF VIRTUALIZATION IN CLOUD
COMPUTING
In the cloud computing, users share the data present in the
clouds like application etc., but with the help of virtualization
users share the Infrastructure.
The Usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the
applications with the standard versions to their cloud users,
suppose if the next version of that application is released, then
cloud provider has to provide the latest version to their cloud
users.
By using virtualization, all severs and the software application
which are required by other cloud providers are maintained by
the third party people, and the cloud providers has to pay the
money on monthly or annual basis. 41
ROLE OF VIRTUALIZATION IN CLOUD
COMPUTING
• Virtualization is an important key to cloud
computing, since it is an enabling technology
allowing the creation of an intelligent
abstraction layer that hides the complexity of
underlying software.
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VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION
• Virtual machine migration is the task of moving
a virtual machine from one physical hardware
environment to another.
• It is part of managing hardware virtualization
systems and is something that providers look at
as they offer virtualization services.
• Migration of Virtual machine from one physical
host to another without disrupting the users.
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NON-LIVE (OFF LINE) VIRTUAL MACHINE
MIGRATION
• Virtual machine at the source is paused and
then transfer all the states of source host to
the target or destination host and then
finally resume the working of virtual machine
at the target host.
• Drawback: It results in larger down time.
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LIVE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION
It has following performance metrics:
• Preparation Time
• Resume Time
• Pages Transferred
• Down Time
• Total Migration Time
• Application Degradation
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PRE COPY MEMORY MIGRATION
Warm-up phase
• The Hypervisor typically copies all the memory
pages from source to destination while the
VM is still running on the source. If some
memory pages change during this process,
they will be re-copied.
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PRE COPY MEMORY MIGRATION
Stop-and-copy phase
• After the warm-up phase, the VM will be
stopped on the original host, the remaining
dirty pages will be copied to the destination,
and the VM will be resumed on the
destination host.
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POST COPY MEMORY MIGRATION
• It is initiated by suspending the VM at the source.
• With the VM suspended, a minimal subset of the
execution state of the VM (CPU state, registers) is
transferred to the target.
• The VM is then resumed at the target. Concurrently, the
source actively transfers the remaining memory pages of
the VM to the target - an activity known as pre-paging. At
the target, if the VM tries to access a page that has not
yet been transferred, it generates a page-fault. These
faults, known as network faults, are trapped at the target
and redirected to the source.
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRE-COPY AND POST-
COPY MEMORY MIGRATION
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VIRTUAL MACHINE
• A virtual machine (VM) is an emulation of a
computer system.
• These are based on computer architectures
and provide functionality of a physical
computer. Their implementations may involve
specialized hardware, software, or a
combination.
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TYPES OF VIRTUAL MACHINE
1. SYSTEM VIRTUAL MACHINE:
• It provide a substitute for a real machine.
• A hypervisor uses native execution to share
and manage hardware allowing for multiple
environments.
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TYPES OF VIRTUAL MACHINE
2. PROCESS VIRTUAL MACHINE
• It is designed to execute computer programs in
a platform independent environment.
• A process VM, sometimes called an
application virtual machine, runs as a normal
application inside an OS and supports a
single process. It is created when that process is
started and destroyed when it exits.
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WHY WE USE VIRTUALIZATION?
• Saves Money
• Resource Optimization
• Decreased Power Consumption
• Reduced System Administration work
• Software installation easier
• Increased CPU utilization
• Better use from hardware
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IMPORTANCE OF VIRTUALIZATION
• It abstracts compute resources.
• It enables rapid scaling of resources.
• Infinite availability
• Pay-per-Use
• We have flexibility and efficiency in the back
end.
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MAKING THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CLOUD
• Focus on the business problem you want the
cloud to solve.
• Accurately determine how the cloud can be
tied to the overall business plan.
• Explain clearly how cloud can free up the
resources for other tasks.
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MAKING THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CLOUD
• Assess the IT resources & services that cloud
possibly be migrated.
• Extract that list of resources & services.
• Compare the logistics & finances.
• Formulate your complete business case for
migration.
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FORMULATE YOUR COMPLETE BUSINESS
CASE
• INNOVATION
• SCALABILITY
• AGILITY
• PRODUCTIVITY
• ACCESSIBILITY
• PROFITABILITY
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CLOUD STRATEGY
Primary goals:
• Accelerate application delivery: To gain
competitive advantage
• Improve IT efficiency: of staff and infrastructure
• Expand Markets: with new capabilities
• Increase investment Flexibility: To optimize for
the best return
• Reduce Risk
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FORMULATING CLOUD STRATEGY
1. Develop Your Cloud Strategy
• Aligning the business and technical
requirements of your central IT and business
units.
• Business outcomes and establishing
governance and control.
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FORMULATING CLOUD STRATEGY
2. Consider a Multi-Cloud Strategy
• Operate anywhere
• Leverage existing investments
• Optimize costs
• Access unique capabilities
• Create flexible architectures
• Prepare for multi-cloud
• Implement best practices
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FORMULATING CLOUD STRATEGY
3. Choose the Best Cloud for Your Needs
• Match Application Requirements to Clouds
• Technical Considerations
• Public Cloud Considerations
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FORMULATING CLOUD STRATEGY
SSL Termination
• A secure socket layer (SSL) connection uses a
certificate for authentication before sending
encrypted data from a client computer to the
web server. SSL termination, a form of SSL
offloading, shifts some of this responsibility
from the web server to a different machine.
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FORMULATING CLOUD STRATEGY
Public Cloud Considerations
• To choose the right cloud for each workload, you should
evaluate public cloud providers on these criteria:
• Basic Requirements: VM sizes, SLA terms, certifications,
operating systems, regions, and countries.
• Core Services: Compute, network, and storage.
• Database Services: Relational, non-relational, and other
DBaaS.
• Additional Services: Data and analytics, application
services, security and identity.
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PRIVATE CLOUD
• A private cloud is a particular model of cloud
computing that involves a distinct and
secure cloud based environment in which only
the specified client can operate.
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FEATURES OF PRIVATE CLOUD
• HIGHER SECURITY AND PRIVACY
• MORE CONTROL
• COST AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• IMPROVED RELIABILITY
• CLOUD BURSTING
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CLOUD BURSTING
• Cloud bursting is an application deployment
model in which an application runs in a
private cloud or data center and bursts into a
public cloud when the demand for computing
capacity spikes.
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PRIVATE CLOUD VENDORS
• Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
• Citrix Cloud Platform
• IBM Smart Cloud
• VMware Private Cloud Computing
• Dell Cloud Solutions
• Red Hat Cloud
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DEPLOYMENT MODELS OF PRIVATE CLOUD
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VIRTUAL PRIVATE CLOUD
• VPC is most commonly used in the context of
cloud infrastructure as a service.
• In this context, the infrastructure provider,
providing the underlying public cloud
infrastructure, and the provider realizing the
VPC service over this infrastructure, may be
different vendors.
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MANAGED PRIVATE CLOUD
• Managed Private Cloud refers to a principle in
software architecture where a single instance of
the software runs on a server, serving a single
client organization (tenant), and managed by a
third-party.
• This is in contrast to multitenancy where multiple
client organizations are on a single server, or an
on-premises deployment where the client
organization hosts their own instance.
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MANAGED PRIVATE CLOUD
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HOSTED PRIVATE CLOUD
• Hosted private clouds are maintained in data
centers that are operated by cloud service
providers, such as Rackspace, HP and IBM.
• A single private cloud customer uses core
resources, such as compute and storage
without shared tenancy.
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