PTS Presentation
Group - 10
November 30, 2021
Submitted To - Dr. Anu Malik
About Our Topic...
What we are gonna explain -
❏ What’s Personality?
❏ What are Personality Disorders?
❏ Types of Disorders
❏ What causes them?
❏ The Possible Solutions!
❏ An Interesting Case Study
Personality & Disorders
What is “Personality”?
Personality is defined as a combination of
behaviours, cognitions, and emotional patterns
that are either develop through time as a result
of biological and environmental influences or
many a times, developed by one.
Personality is the way of thinking, feeling
and behaving that makes a person different
from other people.
Personality Disorders
A personality disorder is a way of thinking,
feeling and behaving that deviates from the
expectations of the culture, causes distress or
problems functioning, and lasts over time.
They are long-term patterns of behavior and inner
experiences that differs significantly from what is
expected. The pattern of experience and behavior begins
by late adolescence or early adulthood and causes
distress or problems in functioning. Without treatment,
personality disorders can be long-lasting.
Why is this Issue
“IMPORTANT”?
The main objective for studying personality Also, it gives a broader picture of the
disorders is to understand people with such different behaviour patterns, so as to
disorders and help them in any and every way evaluate them on a common ground and then
possible. bring them under one stream.
After which, proper
There are many reasons why people suffer with classification on the same
personality disorders such as genetics, is possible.
childhood trauma, abuse, hyperactivity, etc.
Understanding the causes of personality
disorders is a key part of studying personality
disorders.
Categorizing Disorders
Cluster A Cluster B
● Personality condition characterized by ● Antisocial personality disorder
paranoia ● Borderline personality disorder
● Schizoid personality disorder ● Histrionic personality disorder
● Schizotypal personality disorder ● Narcissistic personality disorder
Cluster C
● Avoidant personality disorder
● Dependent personality disorder
● Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Cluster A : Odd Behaviour
● Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by
odd, eccentric thinking or behavior. They include
paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality
disorder and schizotypal personality disorder.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
● Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
and their motives
● Perception of innocent remarks or non
threatening situations as personal insults
or attacks
● Angry or hostile reaction to perceived
slights or insults, tendency to hold
grudges
Schizoid Personality Disorder
● Lack of interest in social or personal
relationships, preferring to be alone
● Limited range of emotional expression
● Inability to take pleasure in most
activities
● Appearance of being cold or indifferent
to others
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
● Peculiar dress, thinking, beliefs,
speech or behavior
● Odd perceptual experiences, such as
hearing a voice whisper your name
● Social anxiety and a lack of or
discomfort with close relationships
● Indifferent, inappropriate or
suspicious response to others
Cluster B : It’s all about “ME”
A person diagnosed with this type of disorder
has trouble controlling their emotions and
conduct. Others may think their actions are
theatrical, emotional, or chaotic. Cluster B
disorders are divided into four categories:
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and
narcissistic personality disorders.
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
The term "sociopathy" is sometimes used to describe a
person with antisocial personality disorder, however it
is not a clinical term. According to some estimates,
antisocial personality disorder affects 1–4% of the
population. Males are up to five times more likely than
females to be diagnosed with this disease.
Antisocial personality disorder manifests
itself in a person's disrespect for other
people's rights and needs. Deception,
manipulation, and illegal behaviour are
some of the most common traits.
Borderline Personality
Disorder
Instability in mood, conduct, and self-image are all
symptoms of borderline personality disorder.
A person suffering with this illness may have strong
emotions, have a low self-esteem, and engage in impulsive
activity. One of the key characteristics of this illness is a
lack of relational stability.
Borderline personality disorder is thought to affect roughly
1.4 percent of adults. Females are more likely than males to
be given this diagnosis.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Extreme emotionality and attention-seeking behaviour are hallmarks of histrionic
personality disorder. This disease can make a person appear vibrant, energetic,
charming, and flirtatious.
They may behave in ways that are improper in their cultural setting or in more
particular contexts, such as at work.
According to certain estimates, 2–3% of the population meets the criteria for
histrionic personality disorder. Females are four times more likely than males to be
diagnosed with this condition.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A person with narcissistic personality
disorder acts superior to others, engages
in grandiose conduct, craves admiration,
and lacks empathy.
According to studies, 0.5–5% of people fit
the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic
personality disorder. Males are diagnosed
with this condition more frequently than
females.
Anxious, apprehensive thoughts or
conduct describe Cluster C
personality disorders.
Their examples are :
● Avoidant Personality Disorder,
● Dependent Personality
Disorder
● Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
● People with avoidant personality disorder
struggle with thoughts of inadequacy all
of the time and are extremely sensitive to
negative judgement from others.
● Despite their desire to communicate with
people, they prefer to avoid social contact
because of a strong fear of rejection.
● Simply put, avoiding social interaction due
to the fear of rejection.
Dependent Personality
Disorder
It is a sort of anxious personality disorder.
People with DPD typically feel weak,
dependent, or unable to care for themselves.
They may struggle to make simple judgments.
Someone with a dependent personality, on the
other hand, may gain self-confidence and self-
reliance with assistance.
Obsessive-Compulsive
Personality Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality OCPD is a type of “personality disorder” with
disorder is defined by a pervasive these characteristics:
obsession with orderliness,
• Rigid adherence to rules and regulations.
perfectionism, and control (with
little tolerance for flexibility), • An overwhelming need for order.
which delays or prevents the
completion of a job • Unwillingness to yield or give responsibilities
to others.
Causes
Personality develops as a result of interactions between:
● Your genes - Your parents may pass on some personality traits to you
through inherited genes. These characteristics are referred to as your
temperament.
● Your environment - This includes your upbringing, experiences in your life,
and connections with family members and others.
A mix of these genetic and environmental factors is assumed to be the aetiology
of personality disorders. A personality disorder may be triggered by a life
circumstance, or it may be caused by your genes.
Causes : Genetics
Researchers are beginning to identify some possible genetic factors behind
personality disorders.Some researchers are exploring genetic links to
aggression, anxiety and fear — traits that can play a role in personality
disorders.
Genetic epidemiologic studies indicate that all personality disorders are modestly
to moderately heritable.
Causes : Environment
There is strong evidence to support a link between distressing childhood
experiences, particularly involving caregivers, and the development of BPD.
The types of childhood experiences that may be associated with BPD include:
● Early separation from caregivers
● Emotional or physical neglect
● Parental insensitivity
● Physical and sexual abuse
Solutions
○ Physical exam: The doctor may do a physical exam and ask in-depth
questions about your health. In some cases, your symptoms may be linked to
an underlying physical health problem. Your evaluation may include lab tests
and a screening test for alcohol and drugs.
○ Psychiatric evaluation: This includes a discussion about your thoughts,
feelings and behavior and may include a questionnaire to help pinpoint a
diagnosis. With your permission, information from family members or others
may be helpful.
A Case Study
Maria, a single woman without a career, sought therapy at the age of 33 to manage her
sad mood, recurring thoughts of suicide, and months of social isolation.
Maria was the middle child in an affluent immigrant household of three children. The
father was supposed to place a premium on professional success above all else. He
frequently cursed and slapped all three children, Maria in particular.
She had done well in high school but had to leave out
of college due to conflicts with her roommate and professor.
Maria was diagnosed with severe depressive illness and borderline personality
disorder. She has issues with anger management, impulsive behaviors, self-harm
(such as cutting),
feeling empty, and paranoid ideas, and has been unable to stay in employment or
Education.
Maria refused to take recommended meds, claiming, "I have no sensations
when I take those pills." I can't even cry while I'm watching a sad movie."
She was assigned for dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), a type of
psychotherapy. It offers soothing techniques and helps people understand and
regulate their thoughts and feelings.
Maria was able to feel more in control of her intense emotions. She was able to
find and hold a job after months of looking. She gradually developed more good
female and male connections.
Conclusion
With a population of 7.9 billion people, our beautiful planet homes countless unique
personalities! Every single one has there unique traits. In this presentation, we saw
various types of personalities and also learned about the causes and possible solutions
to some personality disorders. Having different personality is often confused with
having personality disorders. One should always remember that these disorders can
be cured in most cases with proper supervision and care and not fear these. Rest,
everyone has a beautiful personality and should always try to better themselves.
Team Members
● Arpit Bhuva (20UCS027) ● Chitransh Jaiswal (20UCS059)
● Aryan Ruhela (20UCS032) ● Ishan Vadalia (20UCS085)
● Aryan Gera (20UCS035) ● Bhavya Jain (20UCS053)
Thank You!
