AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION
Definition
According to world Health organization
Substance put into air by the activity of mankind
into concentration sufficient to cause harmful
effect to his health .
According to Indian Standards Institute (ISI) Air
pollution is the presence in ambient atmosphere
of substance , generally resulting from the activity
of man ,in sufficient concentration , present for a
sufficient time and under circumstance which
interface significantly with the comfort , health .
Air pollution is
defined as the presence of one or more
contaminants like dust ,smoke ,
gas,mist,which are injurious to humans plants
and animals.
Air pollutant
1.Carbon compound.
2.Sulphur compound.
3.Nitrogen Compound.
4.Ozone
5.Fluroide
6.Hydocarbon
7.Metals
8.Photochemical products
9.Particulate product
10.Biological particule
Source of Air pollution
All the humans activities and some naturals activities are the major
sources of the air pollution .it is classified as-
1.Man made sources .
2.Natural Sources.
Man made-
1.Population Grow
2.Deforestation
3.Internal combustion engine
4.Rapid indoctrination.
5.Imissition from vehicle .
6.Agricultural activities .
7.warfares.
Natural Air Pollutants
1.Atmospheric Reaction
2.Volcanic eruption
3.Forest fires
4.Cosmic dust
5.Pollen grains ,
6.Sand stone,
7.hydrogen
8.Sulphur
Classification of air pollution
1.According to origin- There are two type of air
pollutant –
1.Primary air pollutant- These pollutants are
directly emitted to atmosphere and found there
in the from in which they are emitted.
Eg- carbon monoxide(co),oxide of sulphur,oxides
of metal, pollen , bacteria, oxide of nitrogen
,Hydrocarbon , Radioactive Compound, They
contributes more than 90% of global air
pollution .
• Secondary air pollutants—These are
produced in air by the interaction among two
or more primary air pollutants by reaction
with normal atmospheric constituents. Eg-
ozone,PAN(Peroxy acetyl
nitrate),Formaldehyde,Formation of acid
mists,smog.
• 2. According to the chemical composition—
(a) Organic air pollutants---- These contain
carbon and hydrogen as their main constituent
among with other element (oxygen, nitrogen ,
sulphur , phosphorus , etc .)
E.g.--- Aldihyde , Ketone , Hydrocarbon , etc .
(b). Inorganic air pollutants --- Include compound
such as carbon dioxide ,carbon monoxide , oxide
of sulphur ,oxide of nitrogen etc.
• 3. According to state of matter ----
(a) Particulate ----- These are finally divided solid
,liquid , dispersed in gaseous media . Eg –Dust
,Smoke Fly ash , Fumes , etc are solid pollutants
mist ,spray ,fog , etc are liquid particulate air
pollutants
(b) Gaseous --- Gaseous air pollutants are organic
gases like Benzene , methane ,Butane
,Aldehydes ,Ketone as well as inorganic gases like
carbon monoxide(co),oxide of sulphur,oxides of
metal, oxide of nitrogen etc.
• Primary Air Pollutants---Source and Harmful
Effects:-
• Carbon Monoxide(CO)---It is a colourless,
tasteless and odourless gas. It is slightly
lighter than air(0.965 times as heavy as
air)and is insoluble in water. Its composition
in air is only 0.00001%(0.1 ppm)but its most
serious air pollutant. It is poisnous gas and
generally classified an asphyxiant.
SOURCES
.Carbon monoxide sources are both natural and
anthropogenic.
.Natural sources are volcanic eruptions,natural
gasemission,forest fires,oxidation of methane gas from
decaying vegetation.
.The anthropogenic sources are
vehicles,aircrafts,railways,industries,fuel combustion
,agriculture burning etc.
Adverse effects/Harmful effects
• On Humans---CO can cause serve damage to
respiration system. The symptoms are headache. It
can seriously affect human aerobic metabolism due
to its high affinity for haemoglobin(Hb).It reduces
the capability of the blood to carry oxygen.
• On Plants---co concentrate below 100ppm has no
effect on plants. At high level (100 to
1000ppm)co,can cause leaf curling,leaf drop and
even interface with cellular respiration.
• Oxide of nitrogen----The oxides of nitrogen
involved in air pollution are nitrous oxide,
nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen trioxide
etc. Of these nitric oxide and nitrogen oxide
are major pollutants.
Nitric oxide is a
colourless, odourless gas while nitrogen
dioxide is a reddish brown gas having a
pungent suffocating odour.
Sources
Bacterial decomposition of organic matter
releas oxide of nitrogen in the atmosphere
mainly in the form of NO. Other sources are
combustion of fuels, industrial processes etc.
Harmful Effect
• 1.On Humans---NO can combine with homoglobin
to reduce oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
*Nitrogen dioxide has more harmful effects on
human health such as odour threshold,increased
resistance of the lung airways,inflammation of
lung tissues.
2. On Plants---There is no evidence that NO causes
damagin effects on plants while nitrogen dioxide
can cause some injury to vegetation.
CONTROL
• 1.Mdification of internal combustion engine to
reduce the around of pollutants formed during fuel
combustion process.
• 2.Development of exhaust system reactors which will
reduce the pollutants during combustion process
• 3.Development of substitute fuel for gasoline,which
will yield low concentration of pollutants upon
combustion.
• 4.Development of pollution free power sources to
replace the internal combustion engine.
• E.g—Steam engine.
