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Cataract

The document discusses cataracts including the definition, epidemiology, etiology, classification, symptoms, complications, and management. Cataracts are a leading cause of blindness in Cambodia. The document covers various types of cataracts such as congenital, senile, and secondary cataracts. Surgical techniques for treating cataracts including couching, ICCE, ECCE, and phacoemulsification are also discussed.

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Sela KH
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291 views22 pages

Cataract

The document discusses cataracts including the definition, epidemiology, etiology, classification, symptoms, complications, and management. Cataracts are a leading cause of blindness in Cambodia. The document covers various types of cataracts such as congenital, senile, and secondary cataracts. Surgical techniques for treating cataracts including couching, ICCE, ECCE, and phacoemulsification are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Sela KH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cataract

Cataract

Definition:
Crystallin lens opacity
Epidemiology

Blindness rate in Cambodia 0.38% ( data 2007)


70% of blindness rate due to Cataract
Mostly age > 50 years old
Etiology
Etiology:
- Senile change
- Congenital
- traumatic
- inflammation
- radiation, electromagnatic wave
- metabolism diseased
- nutrition disorder and chemical substances
include drug
- other
Cataract
Classification :
I. Primary cataract:
- congenital
- senile
II. Secondary :
- extra ocular disorder
group
- intra ocular disorder
group
Cataract
Primary cataract:
1. congenital:
until 3 month after birth
from infection disease
rubella, steroid , radiation
or hereditary
Causes of cogenital cataract in healthy neonate

Hereditary
(usually dominant)
Idiopathic
With ocular anomalies
. PHPV
• Aniridia
• Coloboma
• Microphthalmos
• Buphthalmos
Causes of Congenital cataract in unwell neonate
Intrauterine infections
• Rubella
• Toxoplasmosis
• Cytomegalovirus
• Varicella

Metabolic disorders
• Galactosaemia
• Hypoglycaemia
• Hypocalcaemia
• Lowe syndrome
2. Senile cataract
- immature cataract
- mature cataract
- intumescence cataract
- hypermature cataract
- morgagnian cataract
Secondary Cataract
1. Extra ocular disorder:
- Traumatic
- metabolism disease
- toxic cataract
- associated with systemic
disease
2. Intra ocular disorder (complicated cataract)

Uveitis
Intraocular neoplasm
Glaucoma
Retina detachment
Retinitis pigmentosa
Symptom and sign:

Blur vision
VA decreased gradually
No pain
Examination:
- white pupil in case of
mature cataract
- slit lamp exam: lens
opacity
Complication:

Glaucoma
Uveitis
Management: Treatment

1. No medication treatment
2. Surgery :
Anesthesia:
* Topical
* Local
* General
Surgery:

1. Couching : old technique for cataract treatment


Surgery:

2. Intracapsular cataract extraction: ( ICCE+ aphakic


glasses)
Surgery:

3. Extracapsular cataract extraction: ( ECCE+ IOL)


Surgery:

4. Phacoemulsification ( PE+ IOL) 1967 developed by Kelmen


Complication cataract surgery

1. Intraoperative
- expulsive hemorrhage
- iris trauma
- anterior chamber hemorrhage
- rupture posterior capsule
- corneal injury
- vitreous loss
- lens dislocation
Complication cataract surgery

2. Early postoperative complication


- endophthalmitis
- glaucoma
- uveitis
- flat chamber
- rupture wound iris prolapse
Complication cataract surgery

3. Late postoperative complication


- posterior capsule opacity
- retinal detachment
- cystoid macula edema
- corneal decompensation
- vitreous hemorrhage
- astigmatism

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