LESSON 8.
1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION:
The investigators could not rely on their memories in which
photograph would serve as a sort of artificial memory for
them. Remembering all the things they had examined or
investigated would be impossible after several years before
the case is presented in court. They need to preserve the
things they had examined and investigated for future
references and court presentation.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
LESSON GOAL:
To provide the participants working knowledge on how to
document/ preserve the crimes scene through photography,
the basic operation of the SLR camera, the different
techniques on how to take photograph on the different types
of crime scene and the preparation of photographic evidence
for court presentation.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
After this lesson, the participants will be able to:
1. Define the different terms use in this lesson.
2. Discuss the importance and uses of photography in crime
investigation.
3. Enumerate the different processes involved in photography.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
After this lesson, the participants will be able to:
4. Discuss the basic operation of a camera or the Single Lens
Reflex (SLR) Camera and its accessories.
5. Discuss the proper procedure on how to take a photograph
of a crime scene, suspect and victim for identification.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Definition of Terms:
Camera – a light tight box; with a lens to form an image; with
a shutter and diaphragm to control the entry of the image; a
means of holding a film to record the image/ and a viewer or
viewfinder to show the photographer what the image is.
Film – a cellulose tape embedded with sensitized solution
capable of recording images thru light.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Definition of Terms:
Forensic – is derived from the word forum- which means place
for legal debate.
Forensic Photography – deals with the study of notion of
photography, its application to law enforcement work and the
preparation of photographs for court presentation.
Infra-Red Photography – is the art or process of
photographing or recording unseen objects by the naked eye
by means of infra-red light.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Definition of Terms:
Lens – a medium or system which converges or diverges light
passing thru it to form images.
Macro Photography – is photographing of object at greater
that 1:1 ratio up to nine (9) times magnification. It is the
making of enlarge copies of prints such as photographs of
tampered serial number of firearms, engine number and
chassis number of motor vehicle and the like.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Definition of Terms:
Micro Photography – is the art or process of photographing
minutes objects and magnified by means of the microscope
and enlarge from 10 times up.
Mug-shot – is the process of taking photographs of the
suspect/s in full length, half body, right and left side views, and
two quarter views. To unidentified cadavers, include marks on
the victim’s body especially tattoo/scar for identification.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Definition of Terms:
Photograph – is the mechanical result of photography. To
produce a photograph, light is needed aside from sensitized
materials (film and paper).
Photography – is derived from the Greek words, photos-
which means light and graphy which means – to draw.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Definition of Terms:
Ultra-Violet Photography – is the art or process of
photographing unseen objects by the naked eye with the use
of ultra-violet rays and filters.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Elements of Photography:
1. Subject
2. Light
3.Camera
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Elements of Photography:
4.Sensitized Materials
5.Chemical Process
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Importance of Crime Scene Photography:
1. Permanent Record
2. Significance of certain aspects of the crime scene
3. Reconstruction of the crime scene
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Basic Requirement of a Photograph
Admitted as Evidence in Court:
1. Accurate representations of the crime scene or the object it
purports to reproduce.
2. Free of distortion
3. Material and relevant to the point in issue.
4. Unbiased.
5. A written record that indicates a detail information about the
photographs such as the case number, location’s address,
date, time, incident, name of victim, etc.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Uses of Photography in Crime Investigation
1. Identification of the subject:
a. Frontal whole body, from head to foot with height scale
behind. (could be with case number and name included)
b. Frontal half body, head to elbow.
c. Half body right side, head to elbow.
d. Half body left side, head to elbow.
e. Left Quarter view (half body-head to elbow)
f. Right Quarter view (half body-head to elbow)
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
SOCO Form No. 3-A SOCO Form No. 3-B
Republic of the Philippines Republic of the Philippines
National Police Commission National Police Commission
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
CRIME LABORATORY CRIME LABORATORY
Camp Crame, Quezon City Camp Crame, Quezon City
____________________ __________________
Date Date
SOCO CASE NO: _______________ SOCO CASE NO: _____________
PHOTOGRAPHIC LOG PHOTOGRAPHIC LOG
(DIGITAL) (FILM-BASED)
SHUTTER DESCRIPTION LIGHTING LIGHTING
APERTURE SPEED With Flash Natural Artificial FRAME APERTURE SHUTTER DESCRIPTION With Natural Artificial
NO. SPEED Flash
Use Extra Sheet/s if Necessary
Nature of Case: Camera Used/Model: Use Extra Sheet/s if Necessary
Date, Time & Place of Occurrence: Lens Used:
Nature of Case: Camera Used/Model:
Flash Used:
Date, Time & Place of Occurrence: Lens Used:
Requesting Party: Time Started Photographing:
Flash Used:
Time Ended Photographing: Requesting Party: Time Started Photographing:
Officer-on-Case: Weather Condition: Time Ended Photographing:
Officer-on-Case: Weather Condition:
Prepared by: Noted by:
Prepared by: Noted by:
______________________ ______________________
Forensic Photographer SOCO Team Leader
______________________ ______________________
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Facial Composite
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Computerized Facial Composite
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Uses of Photography in Crime Investigation
2. Preservation of evidence
3. Description of the Crime Scene
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Uses of Photography in Crime Investigation
4. Substitution to original documents/evidence
5. Record
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Procedure in Photographing the Crime Scene
1. General View or Long-range
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Procedure in Photographing the Crime Scene
2. Medium View or Mid-range
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Procedure in Photographing the Crime Scene
3. Close-up View/ Range
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Sequential Photographs of the Crime Scene:
1. Views of the exterior of the building/ vehicle in relation
to other buildings/vehicles, roads/streets, etc.
2. Point of entry and exit outside and inside.
3. Interiors of the crime scene/room.
4. Condition of the crime scene.
5. Articles left at the scene.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Sequential Photographs of the Crime Scene:
6. Area from which valuable articles were removed
7. Trace evidence, such as hairs, fibers,
footprints and cigarette butts.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Sequential Photographs of the Crime Scene:
8. Tool marks and impressions of shoes or tire tracks.
9. Fingerprints as well as articles on which these prints
may be found.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Parts and function of a Camera
• Basic Parts of the Camera
a. Viewfinder
b. Shutter curtain
c. Focusing Mechanism
d. Lens
e. Body
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Types of Sensitized Material
1. Film
2. Photo Paper
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LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Steps to follow to obtain good photographs
1. Set your ASA/ISO dial according to the film speed (50, 100, 200, 400)
2. Setting the shutter speed
B, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Steps to follow to obtain good photographs
3. Setting the lens opening or f-stop
f/1.4, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22
f/3.5 f/8 f/22
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Steps to follow to obtain good photographs
4. Adjust your light meter needle
+3 +2 +1 -1 -2 -3
5. Compose your shot and focus.
Original object Out of Focus Sharp Focus
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
FLASH lighting techniques
1. Direct Flash
2. Bounce Flash
3. Multiple Flash
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Exposure using a flash:
A. Steps to Follow to Obtain Properly Exposed
Film in Artificial Light (i.e. Flash) Photography.
1. Adjust the proper ASA setting according to
the speed of the film being used.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Steps to Follow to Obtain Properly Exposed Film
in Artificial Light (i.e. Flash) Photography:
2. Aperture setting corresponds with the distance
indicated on your flash scale and distance to the
subject.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
Steps to Follow to Obtain Properly
Exposed Photographs in Artificial Light
(i.e. Flash) Photography:
3. Get the desired DEPTH OF FIELD
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
SUMMARY:
At the end of this lesson, we learned the following:
Defined the different terms used in this lesson.
Discussed the importance and uses of photography in
crime investigation.
Enumerated the different processes involved in
photography.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
SUMMARY:
At the end of this lesson, we learned the following:
Discussed the basic operation of a camera or the
Single Lens Reflex (SLR) Camera and its
accessories.
Discussed the proper procedure on how to take a
photograph of a crime scene, suspect and victim for
identification.
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
LESSON 8.1 FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
END OF PRESENTATION…
INVESTIGATION OFFICERS BASIC COURSE
