MOTIVATION AND
PERSONALITY TYPES
(OCEAN)
BY JUDEMIL SANCHEZ COMPRADO
PERSONALITY
• The pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person
from another and that persists over time and situation,
• Is fairly stable and predictable throughout different situations and time,
• Dependent on the situation, personality traits may be more or less visible and personality
may also develop over time,
• Profound changes in personality are usually consequences of major life changes or
deliberate effort
THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
• Openness to experience has been described as the depth and complexity of
an individual’s mental life and experiences (John & Srivastava, 1999). It is
also sometimes called intellect or imagination.
• Openness to experience concerns people’s willingness to try to new things,
their ability to be vulnerable, and their capability to think outside the box.
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
• General appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas,
imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience
• Relates to intellect, openness to new ideas, cultural interests,
educational aptitude and creativity as well as an interest in varied
sensory and cognitive experience
• Describes the breadth, depth, originality, and complexity of an
individual’s mental and experiential life
COMMON TRAITS RELATED TO OPENNESS TO
EXPERIENCE INCLUDE:
• Preference for variety;
• Imagination;
• Cleverness;
• Insightfulness;
• Creativity;
• Varied interests;
• Curiosity;
• Originality;
• Perceptiveness;
• Daringness; • Intellect;
• Complexity/depth.
IMPLICATION OF OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
• An individual who is high in openness to experience is likely someone
who has a love of learning, enjoys the arts, engages in a creative career or
hobby, and likes meeting new people (Lebowitz, 2016a).
• An individual who is low in openness to experience probably prefers
routine over variety, sticks to what he or she knows, and prefers less
abstract arts and entertainment.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
• Conscientiousness is a trait that can be described as the tendency to control impulses and
act in socially acceptable ways, behaviors that facilitate goal-directed behavior (John &
Srivastava, 1999). Conscientious people excel in their ability to delay gratification, work
within the rules, and plan and organize effectively.
• Tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement against measures
or outside expectations.
• Describes socially prescribed impulse control that facilitates task and goal-directed
behavior,
• The focused person concentrates on a limited number of goals but strives hard to reach
them,
• Flexible person is more impulsive and easier to persuade from one task to another
TRAITS WITHIN THE CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
FACTOR INCLUDE:
• Persistence; • Control;
• Ambition; • Reliability;
• Thoroughness; • Resourcefulness;
• Self-discipline; • Hard work;
• Consistency; • Energy;
• Predictability; • Perseverance;
• Planning.
EXTROVERSION
• This factor has two familiar ends of its spectrum: extroversion and
introversion.
• It concerns where an individual draws their energy from and how they
interact with others. In general, extroverts draw energy from or recharge by
interacting with others, while introverts get tired from interacting with others
and replenish their energy with solitude.
THE TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH EXTROVERSION
ARE:
• Sociableness;
• Ability to be articulate;
• Assertiveness;
• Fun-loving nature;
• Merriness;
• Tendency for affection;
• Outgoing nature;
• Friendliness;
• Energy;
• Social confidence.
• Talkativeness;
IMPLICATIONS OF EXTROVERSION
• People high in extroversion tend to seek out opportunities for social
interaction, where they are often the “life of the party.” They are
comfortable with others, are gregarious, and are prone to action rather
than contemplation (Lebowitz, 2016).
• People low in extroversion are more likely to be people “of few words
who are quiet, introspective, reserved, and thoughtful.
AGREEABLENESS
• This factor concerns how well people get along with others.
While extroversion concerns sources of energy and the pursuit
of interactions with others, agreeableness concerns one’s
orientation to others. It is a construct that rests on how an
individual generally interacts with others.
THE FOLLOWING TRAITS FALL UNDER THE
UMBRELLA OF AGREEABLENESS:
• Moderation; • Loyalty
• Altruism;
• Tact; • Unselfishness;
• Trust;
• Politeness; • Helpfulness;
• Modesty;
• Kindness; • Sensitivity;
• Humbleness;
• Loyalty • Amiability;
• Patience;
• Unselfishness; • Cheerfulness;
• Helpfulness; • Consideration.
IMPLICATIONS OF AGREEABLENESS
• People high in agreeableness tend to be well-liked, respected, and sensitive to the
needs of others. They likely have few enemies and are affectionate to their friends
and loved ones, as well as sympathetic to the plights of strangers (Lebowitz,
2016a).
• People on the low end of the agreeableness spectrum are less likely to be trusted
and liked by others. They tend to be callous, blunt, rude, ill-tempered,
antagonistic, and sarcastic. Although not all people who are low in agreeableness
are cruel or abrasive, they are not likely to leave others with a warm fuzzy
feeling.
NEUROTICISM
• Neuroticism is not a factor of meanness or incompetence, but
one of confidence and being comfortable in one’s own skin. It
encompasses one’s emotional stability and general temper.
THESE TRAITS ARE COMMONLY ASSOCIATED
WITH NEUROTICISM:
• Awkwardness;
• Timidness;
• Pessimism;
• Wariness;
• Moodiness;
• Self-criticism;
• Jealousy;
• Lack of confidence;
• Testiness;
• Insecurity;
• Fear;
• Instability;
• Nervousness;
• Oversensitivity.
• Anxiety;
IMPLICATIONS OF NEUROTICISM
• Those high in neuroticism are generally prone to anxiety, sadness, worry,
and low self-esteem. They may be temperamental or easily angered, and
they tend to be self-conscious and unsure of themselves (Lebowitz, 2016).
• Individuals who score on the low end of neuroticism are more likely to
feel confident, sure of themselves, and adventurous. They may also be
brave and unencumbered by worry or self-doubt.
REFERENCES
• American Psychological Association. (2017). Personality. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/topics/personality/
• Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta ‐analysis. Personnel
Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
• Boyce, C. J., Wood, A. M., & Powdthavee, N. (2013). Is personality fixed? Personality changes as much as “variable” economic factors
and more strongly predicts changes to life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 111, 287-305.
• Douglas, H. E., Bore, M., & Munro, D. (2016). Openness and intellect: An analysis of the motivational constructs underlying two
aspects of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 242-253.
• John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin
& O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (Vol. 2, pp. 102-138). New York: Guilford Press.
• Judge, T. A., Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J., & Barrick, M. R. (1999). The Big Five personality traits, general mental ability, and career
success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52, 621-652.
