MEDIA
INFORMATION
SOURCES
H U M A N S O U R C E - L I B R A R Y- I N D I G E N O U S M E D I A - I N T E R N E T
P R E PA R E D B Y: J A C I N E M . C A N D E L A R I A
Reliability
Accuracy
Value
Authority
Timeliness
RELIABILTY of INFORMATION
Information is said to be reliable if it
can be verified and evaluated. Others
refer to the trustworthiness of the
source in evaluating the reliability of
information.
ACCURACY OF INFORMATION
Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to
the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies,
depending on the type of information being
evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the
report is similar to the actual data. Financial
information is considered accurate if the values
are correct, properly classified, and presented.
VALUE OF INFORMATION
Information is said to be of value if it
aids the user in making or improving
decisions.
AUTHORITY OF THE SOURCE
Much of the information we gather daily do not
come from a primary source but are passed on
through secondary sources such as writers,
reporters, and the like. Sources with an
established expertise on the subject matter are
considered as having sound authority on the
subject.
TIMELINESS
Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may
vary based on the time it was produced and
acquired. While a piece of information may have
been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during
the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant
and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus
making it less valuable). Other information may be
timeless, proven the same in reliability, accuracy
and value throughout history.
LIBRARIES
TYPES OF LIBRARIES
• Academic
• Public
• School
• Special
These libraries may be either in digital or
in physical form.
SKILLS IN ACCESING
INFORMATION FROM LIBRARIES
• The access tool to use
• How the information being accessed may be
classified
• The depth of details required-some libraries
provide only an abstract of the topic
• More detailed information might require
membership or some conformity to set rules of
the source (ex. Databases)
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIBRARIES
IN TERMS OF RELIABILITY,
ACCURACY AND VALUE
Libraries of published books are often considered
highly reliable, accurate and valuable. Books and
documents from dominant sources are often peer
reviewed. ISBN and ISSN registrations ensures
that standards were followed in producing these
materials.
An ISBN is an International Standard Book Number. ISBNs
were 10 digits in length up to the end of December 2006, but
since 1 January 2007 they now always consist of 13 digits.
ISBNs are calculated using a specific mathematical formula and
include a check digit to validate the number.
The International Standard
Book Number is a numeric
commercial book identifier
which is intended to be unique.
Publishers purchase ISBNs
from an affiliate of the
International ISBN Agency. An
ISBN is assigned to each
separate edition and variation
of a publication.
International Standard Serial Number
Description
An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial
number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a
magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing
between serials with the same title.
INTERNET
POINTS FOR DISCUSSION 1
• Information found on the Internet
• Characteristics of Internet information in terms of
reliability, accuracy, value, timeliness and authority of the
source.
• Realities of the internet
• Information found on the internet may be quite varied in
form and content. Thus, it is more difficult to determine
its reliability and accuracy. Accessing information on the
internet is easy, but requires more discipline to check and
validate. Factual and fictitious data are often merged
together. Source always have to be validated.
HOW TO DETERMINE THE RELIABILITY OF
INFORMATION?
1.CHECK THE AUTHOR. The author’s willingness
to be identified is a good indication of reliability.
2.CHECK THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OR OF
UPDATE. While the information may be true, it may
not be reliable if it is outdated or may have lost
relevance.
3.CHECK FOR CITATIONS. Reliable authors have
the discipline of citing sources of their information.
4. CHECK THE DOMAIN OR OWNER OF THE
SITE OR PAGE. The domains .edu and .gov are
reserved for academic institutions of the government
respectively. Information from such sites are presented
with caution and are usually well-grounded. Site owners
may have an agenda that affects the manner by which
information is presented.
5. CHECK THE SITE DESIGN AND THE
WRITING STYLE. Credible sources take time to make
their information accessible and easy to comprehend.
SKILLS IN DETERMINING ACCURATE
INFORMATION
• Look for facts.
• Cross-reference with other sources to check for
consistency.
• Determine the reason for writing of publishing
the information. Check if the author is
objective or leaning heavily on a certain point
of view.
• Check for advertising. Advertisers may use
related information to market their product.
POINTS FOR DISCUSSION 2
• Current popular alternative media
• Rise of alternative media and information
• Other alternative forms of communication and
distribution have become popular. These include
social media, blogs, and flash mob performances.
These alternative forms provide greater freedom and
power to ordinary individuals and are quicker way of
distributing information. The downside is that a lot of
information are being passed around is biased and
inaccurate.
SELECTION QUESTIONS TO PONDER ANSWER
CRITERIA
RELIABILIT What are the details of this piece of news? Which of these
details can be verified in other sources? Could these details
Y be true? Why of why not?
ACCURACY Which of these facts are measurable? How were they
derived? Was the article written in an objective manner? Is
the article written with care?
VALUE Consider the audience the article. Who
would find this article valuable?
AUTHORIT Who wrote the article? How is the author related to the
article? What as his source? Are the source properly cited?
Y What is the reputation of the author? Is he known for some
biases?
TIMELINES When was the article written? Is it possible that some of the
information in the article has changed in time? If yes,
S would the change have any effect on the conclusion of the
article?
Do a MIND MAP on
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
• INDIGENOUS-native, local, originating or produced
naturally in a particular region
• INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE-knowledge that is
unique to a specific culture or society, most often it is not
written down.
• INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION-transmission of
information through local channels or forms. It is a means
by which culture is preserved, handed down, and adapted.
• INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION-This
also refers to content about indigenous people that may be
distributed through dominant forms of media or through
forms of communication unique to their people group.
Indigenous media varies from one place to
another. The teacher may look for local examples
of how communication is passed within the local
communities. Key to this is identifying the
source of information and the key authorities in
the community. Local meetings such as kapihan,
balitaktakan, and kwentong barbero are some
examples of how news and stories are passed on
within a community.
IMPORTANCE OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
• Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print,
broadcast, and new media have a wide reach, there are still
areas that these forms of media have not reached.
• Indigenous media and information are highly credible because
they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit
• Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and
development because of its direct access to local channels.
• Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in
development and education programs that are irrelevant and
ineffective.
FORMS OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA
AND THEIR LOCAL EXAMPLES:
1.Folk or traditional media
2.Gatherings and social organizations
3.Direct observation
4.Records-maybe written, carved, or oral
5.Oral instruction
