Personal Protective Equipment

Helmet

Mask

Coveralls
Gloves

Safety Shoes
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• Hazard:

Any thing which have a potential to harm is

Hazard.
• Risk:

The consequence of how much the potential of

Hazard is called risk
 Protecting Employees from Workplace
Hazards

• Employers must protect employees from hazards such as falling

objects, harmful substances, and noise exposures that can cause injury
• Employers must:
– Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce
hazards
– Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls don’t eliminate the
hazards.

• PPE is the last level of control!

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 Responsibilities
• Employer
– Assess workplace for hazards

– Provide PPE

– Determine when to use

– Provide PPE training for employees and instruction in proper use

• Employee
– Use PPE in accordance with training received and other instructions
– Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and reliable condition

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 We'll need to know:
– When PPE is necessary
– What PPE is necessary
– How to use PPE
– Limitation of PPE
– Care, maintenance, use life, and disposal of PPE.
 Examples of PPE
Body Part Protection
Eye safety glasses,
goggles
Face face shields
Head hard hats
Feet safety shoes
Hands and gloves
arms
Bodies vests
Hearing earplugs, earmuffs
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 PPE Program
• Includes procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE

• First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are

present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the
use of PPE

• After selecting PPE, provide training to employees who are

required to use it

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 Training
If employees are required to use PPE, train them:
• Why it is necessary
• How it will protect them
• What are its limitations
• When and how to wear
• How to identify signs of wear
• How to clean and disinfect
• What is its useful life & how is it disposed

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Head Protection

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Number of Serious Violations Subpart E:

Other
3.9% Safety Nets
15.6%

Head Eye & Face

Protection Prot.
60.9% 19.6%
 Causes of Head Injuries
• Falling objects such as tools

• Bumping head against

objects, such as pipes or
beams

• Contact with exposed

electrical wiring or
components

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 Head Protection:

Class A
•
Type I

Class B
•
Type II

Class C
 Selecting the Right Hard Hat
Class A
• General service (building construction, shipbuilding,
lumbering)
• Good impact protection but limited voltage protection
Class B
• Electrical / Utility work
• Protects against falling objects and high-voltage shock and
burns
Class C
• Designed for comfort, offers limited protection
• Protects against bumps from fixed objects, but does not
protect against falling objects or electrical shock
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Eye Protection

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When must Eye Protection be Provided?
• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal
shavings or sawdust
• Corrosive gases, vapors, and liquids
• Molten metal that may splash
• Potentially infectious materials such as blood
or hazardous liquid chemicals that may splash
• Intense light from welding and lasers

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Is Your Eyesight worth Not Wearing Your Safety glasses

An Eye Saved by Safety Glasses

A Boeing employee convinced his 18 year

old son working in Construction to wear
Safety Glasses...
11/10/99 Machine
OSHA Safeguarding
Office of Training andExamples
Education 16
 Eye Protection
 Primary
 Glasses
 Goggles

 Secondary
 Face Shields
 Welding Helmets

 Both
 Eye Protection
Criteria for Selection
• Protects against specific hazard(s)
• Comfortable to wear
• Does not restrict vision or movement
• Durable and easy to clean and disinfect
• Does not interfere with the function of
other required PPE

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 Eye Protection for Employees
Who Wear Eyeglasses

Ordinary glasses do not provide the required protection

Proper choices include:
• Prescription glasses with side shields and protective
lenses
• Goggles that fit comfortably over corrective glasses
without disturbing the glasses
• Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted
behind protective lenses

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 Safety Glasses
• Made with metal/plastic safety frames

• Most operations require side shields

• Used for moderate impact from particles produced by jobs

such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling

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 Goggles
• Protects eyes and area around the eyes from
impact, dust, and splashes
• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

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 Laser Safety Goggles
Protects eyes from intense concentrations of light
produced by lasers

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 Face Shields
• Full face protection

• Protects face from dusts and splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids

• Does not protect from impact hazards

• Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath

OSHA Office of Training and Education 23

 Welding Shields
Protects eyes against burns from radiant light

Protects face and eyes from flying sparks,

metal spatter, & slag chips produced during
welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting

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Hearing Protection

OSHA Office of Training and Education 25

Sound is measured in dB
Decibels Example
20 Studio for sound pictures
30 Soft whisper (5 feet)
40 Quiet office
50 Average residence
60 Conversation speech (3 feet)
70 Freight Train (100 feet)
74 Average automobile (30 feet)
80 Very noisy restaurant
80 Average factory
90 Subway
90 Printing press plant
100 Looms in textile mill
100 Electric furnace area
110 Woodworking
120 Hydraulic press
120 50 hp siren (100 feet)
140 Jet plane
180 Rocket launching pad
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 Hearing Protection
When it’s not feasible
to reduce the noise or
its duration – use ear
protective devices

Ear protective devices

must be fitted

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 When Must Hearing Protection be
Provided?
After implementing engineering and work
practice controls

When an employee’s noise exposure

exceeds an 8-hour time-weighted average
(TWA) sound level of 90 dBA

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Permissible Noise Exposures:

Duration Per Day, Sound Level dBA

Hours
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
¾ 107
½ 110
¼ 115
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Examples of Hearing Protectors

Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

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Foot Protection

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When Must Foot Protection be Provided?

When any of these are present:

• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto
or fall on employees’ feet
• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce
ordinary shoes
• Molten metal that might splash on feet
• Hot or wet surfaces

• Slippery surfaces
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 Safety Shoes
• Impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles
protect against hot surfaces common in roofing
and paving

• Some have metal insoles to protect against

puncture wounds

• May be electrically conductive for use in explosive

atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from
workplace electrical hazards

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Hand Protection

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When Must Hand Protection be Provided?

• When any of these are present:

• Burns
• Bruises
• Abrasions
• Cuts
• Punctures
• Fractures
• Amputations
• Chemical Exposures

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 What Kinds of Protective Gloves are
Available?
• Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or canvas
– Protects from cuts, burns, heat
• Fabric and coated fabric gloves
– Protects from dirt and abrasion
• Chemical and liquid resistant gloves
– Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis
• Rubber gloves
– Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions

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 Types of Rubber Gloves
• Nitrile:
– protects against solvents,
harsh chemicals, fats and
petroleum products and also
provides excellent resistance
to cuts and abrasions.
• Butyl:
– provides the highest
permeation resistance to gas
or water vapors

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 Other Types of Gloves
• Kevlar:
• protects against cuts,
slashes, and abrasion
• Stainless:
• steel mesh protects
against cuts and
lacerations

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Body Protection

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 Major Causes of Body Injuries

• Intense heat

• Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids

• Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials

• Cuts

• Hazardous chemicals

• Radiation

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 Body Protection
Criteria for Selection
• Provide protective clothing for parts of the body
exposed to possible injury
• Types of body protection:
– Vests
– Aprons
– Jackets
– Coveralls
– Full body suits

Coveralls

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 Body Protection

Cooling Vest Full Body Suit Sleeves and Apron

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Respiratory Protection

29 CFR 1910.134

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 Selection of Respirators
• Employer must select and provide an
appropriate respirator based on the
respiratory hazards to which the worker is
exposed and workplace and user factors that
affect respirator performance and reliability.

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Tight -Fitting Coverings

Quarter Mask Half Mask

Full Facepiece Mouthpiece/Nose Clamp

(no fit test required) 45
 User Seal Check
An action conducted by the respirator user to
determine if the respirator is properly seated to the
face.

Positive Pressure Check Negative Pressure Check

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 Why SCBA?
SCBA protects against specific
types of respiratory hazard:
 hydrogen sulphide
 methane
 sulphur dioxide
 carbon dioxide
 oxygen deficient/enriched

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