Prepared by: Mr. Gian Antonio L.
Abdon RCrim, CE
Course Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the Lesson, the Students;
1. The concept of Human Rights and it’s Important;
2. Know the origin of human rights in the Philippines;
3. The type of government which governs the Philippines;
4. Branches of government and its function
5. Importance of the Constitution;
6. Bill of rights.
Lesson 1: HUMAN RIGHTS
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is
a milestone document in the history of human rights.
What do you mean by human rights? Drafted by ofrepresentatives withinalienable
different legal and of all
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and the equal and rights
cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the
members of the human family is the foundation Declaration
of was
freedom, justice,
proclaimed by
and
the
peace
United
in the world,
Nations
Human
Whereas rights
disregardare rights
and contempt for human rights have resulted
inherent to all human beings, General Assembly in Parisinonbarbarous
10 December acts 1948
which( have
outraged the
regardless of
conscience
race,
of mankind, andGeneral
sex,
the advent
Assemblyof aresolution
world in217 which
A) as human beings shall
a common
enjoy theethnicity,
nationality, freedomlanguage,
of speech and belief and freedomoffrom
standard fear and want
achievements for allhaspeoples
been proclaimed
and all as
the highest
religion, or anyaspiration of the common people,
other status. nations.Whereas
It sets out,it isforessential
the first iftime, fundamental
a man is not to be
Human rights include the recourse,
right to human rights to be universally protected and it has
compelled to have as a last resort, to rebellion
been translated into
against
over 500
tyranny and
languages. The
oppression,
UDHR is
that
life and liberty, freedom from
human rights should be protected by thewidely rule of law, Whereas
recognized as having it is essential
inspired, and to promote
paved the the
slavery and torture, freedom of
development
opinion of friendly
and expression, the rightrelations between way nations.
for, theWhereas
adoption the people
of more than of seventy
the Unitedhuman Nations
tohave
work in
andthe Charterandreaffirmed
education, many their faith in fundamental
rights human
treaties, applied rights,
today on ain the dignity
permanent basisandat worth
of the human person and in the equal rights
more. global and and
of men regional
womenlevelsand
(all have
containing references
determined to
to promote
it in their preambles).
social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. Whereas Member States have
pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of
universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for
the full realization of this pledge,
The General Assembly,
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all
peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration
constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms
and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition
and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories
under their jurisdiction.
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity Article 2
and rights. They are endowed with reason and Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
conscience and should act towards one another in a forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any
spirit of brotherhood. kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion,
political or another opinion, national or social origin,
property, birth or another status. Furthermore, no
distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
Article 3
jurisdictional or international status of the country or
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of
territory to which a person belongs, whether it be
person.
independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any
other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 4 Article 5
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel,
and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
forms.
Article 7
Article 6 All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are
person before the law. entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in
violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to
such discrimination.
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy
by the competent national tribunals for acts
violating the fundamental rights granted him Article 9
by the constitution or by law. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 11
Article 10 1.Everyone charged with a penal offence has the
right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and according to law in a public trial at which he has
public hearing by an independent and impartial had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him. 2.No one shall be held guilty of any penal
offence on account of any act or omission which
did not constitute a penal offence, under national
or international law, at the time when it was
Article 12
committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference
imposed than the one that was applicable at the
with his privacy, family, home or correspondence,
time the penal offence was committed.
nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law
against such interference or attacks.
Article 14
1.Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other
Article 13 countries asylum from persecution.
1.Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and
residence within the borders of each state. 2.This right may not be invoked in the case of
prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes
2.Everyone has the right to leave any country, including or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the
his own, and to return to his country. United Nations.
Article 15
1.Everyone has the right to a nationality. Article 17
2.No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality 1.Everyone has the right to own
nor denied the right to change his nationality. property alone as well as in
association with others.
2.No one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his property.
Article 16
1.Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to
race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found
a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during
marriage and at its dissolution.
2.Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full
consent of the intending spouses.
3.The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of
society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this
right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either
alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his Article 19
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Everyone has the right to
freedom of opinion and
expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions
Article 20 without interference and to
1.Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and seek, receive and impart
association. information and ideas through
2.No one may be compelled to belong to an association. any media and regardless of
frontiers.
Article 21
1.Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through
freely chosen representatives.
2.Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
3.The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be
expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage
and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security Article 24
and is entitled to realization, through national effort and Everyone has the right to rest and
international co-operation and in accordance with the organization leisure, including reasonable limitation
and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural of working hours and periodic
rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of holidays with pay.
his personality.
Article 23 Article 26
1.Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to 1.Everyone has the right to
just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against education. Education shall be free,
unemployment. at least in the elementary and
2.Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for fundamental stages. Elementary
equal work. education shall be compulsory.
3.Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable Technical and professional
remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy education shall be made generally
of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of available and higher education shall
social protection. be equally accessible to all on the
4.Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the basis of merit.
protection of his interests.
1.Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of
respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations
for the maintenance of peace.
2.Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children
Article 27 Article 28
1.Everyone has the right freely to participate in Everyone is entitled to a social and international order
the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this
arts and to share in scientific advancement and Declaration can be fully realized.
its benefits.
2.Everyone has the right to the protection of the
moral and material interests resulting from any
scientific, literary or artistic production of which
he is the author.
Article 29
1.Everyone has duties to the community in
which alone the free and full development Article 30
of his personality is possible. Nothing in this Declaration may be
interpreted as implying for any State, group
2.In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, or person any right to engage in any activity
everyone shall be subject only to such or to perform any act aimed at the destruction
limitations as are determined by law solely of any of the rights and freedoms set forth
for the purpose of securing due recognition herein.
and respect for the rights and freedoms of
others and of meeting the just requirements
of morality, public order and the general
welfare in a democratic society.
3.These rights and freedoms may in no
case be exercised contrary to the purposes
and principles of the United Nations.
