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BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLAGE OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

Ultra Edge Technology

Guided By: Presented By:

Mr. Sanjay Patil Deep Vadhadiya
20020201693
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What is Ultra Edge Technology ?

 Ultra edge is an advanced version of Snickometer which is used for edge

detection. 
 The technology, Snickometer, was first invented by a British computer scientist
Allan Plaskett and it was used in 1999 by UK's Channel 4.
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What is Ultra Edge Technology ?

 Ultra-Edge Technology is a term that is commonly used in cricket to refer to the

technology used for determining the legitimacy of a caught-behind appeal.
 In cricket, when the ball is hit by the batsman, the wicket-keeper and the fielding
team can appeal to the umpire for a catch if they believe the ball has been nicked
by the bat before being caught. In these cases, the Ultra-Edge Technology, which
is a form of audio tracking technology, is used to determine if the ball has
touched the bat or not.
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What is Ultra Edge Technology ?

 Ultra-Edge works by using a microphone to pick up sound waves from the ball
hitting the bat, and then analyzing those sound waves to determine if there was any
contact between the bat and the ball. If there was contact, a small spike is registered
on a graph, which is then used to determine if the ball was legitimately caught.
 Ultra-Edge technology has been used in cricket since 2013 and has been seen as a
major improvement in the sport, as it helps to reduce the chances of incorrect
decisions being made by the umpires, and thus, providing more accurate results
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How does 'Ultra-edge' technology work in cricket?

 The Ultra-edge technology, which is a part of the Decision

Review System (DRS), helps in discerning between the
sounds created by the bat, pads, and clothing during the run
of play. 
 The technology uses the stump microphones to differentiate
clearly between the sounds created by different sources,
which helps in deciding the close-calls in LBWs and bat-pad
situations.
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How does 'Ultra-edge' technology work in cricket?

 Ultra-Edge technology is a type of audio tracking technology

that is used in cricket to determine whether the ball has
touched the bat before being caught by the wicketkeeper or a
fielder. Here's how it works:
1. Microphone: When a ball is hit by the batsman, the
sound of the ball hitting the bat is picked up by a
sensitive microphone, which is usually placed near the
stumps.
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How does 'Ultra-edge' technology work in cricket?

1. Sound waves: The sound waves produced by the ball hitting

the bat are then processed by the Ultra-Edge system to produce
a visual representation of the sound waves.

2. Comparison: The system then compares the sound waves

produced when the ball hits the bat with the sound waves
produced when the ball does not hit the bat, such as when it
hits the pads or the ground.
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How does 'Ultra-edge' technology work in cricket?

1. Analysis: The Ultra-Edge system analyses the differences between the

sound waves produced when the ball hits the bat and when it does not.
If there is a significant difference in the sound waves, then the system
determines that the ball has hit the bat.

2. Decision: The results of the Ultra-Edge system are then used by the
third umpire to make a decision on whether the batsman is out or not
out.
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What is the process for tracking a potential wicket claim?

 This stump mic is able to differentiate between sounds made by the

bat, pad and body based on frequency levels. As soon as the ball
goes near the bat, the cameras placed on either side of the batsman
on opposing ends of the field track the ball for a visual depiction.
 The sound microphone then picks up the sound based on the
movement and sends it to an oscilloscope. This oscilloscope shows
the sound frequency levels in waves.
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What is the process for tracking a potential wicket claim?

 In cricket, when a fielding team believes that a batsman has been

dismissed by hitting the ball and being caught out, they can appeal
to the umpire for a wicket. Here's the process for tracking a
potential wicket claim using technology:
1. Appeal: The fielding team appeals to the umpire for a wicket,
claiming that the batsman has hit the ball and been caught out.
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What is the process for tracking a potential wicket claim?

1. Third umpire referral: If the on-field umpire is unsure about the

decision, he may refer the decision to the third umpire, who uses a
range of technology to determine whether the batsman should be
given out or not.
2. Ultra-Edge: If the third umpire decides to use Ultra-Edge
technology, a microphone is placed near the stumps to pick up the
sound of the ball hitting the bat. The sound waves are then
analyzed to determine whether there was any contact between the
ball and the bat.
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What is the process for tracking a potential wicket claim?

1. Hot Spot: The third umpire may also use Hot Spot technology, which uses
thermal imaging to detect any heat generated by the ball hitting the bat. If the
ball hits the bat, a small mark will appear on the thermal image, indicating that
there was contact between the ball and the bat.
2. Slow-motion replays: Slow-motion replays of the incident from different angles
are also used to assist the third umpire in making the decision. These replays
may show whether the ball hit the bat, whether the ball carried to the fielder,
and whether the fielder had full control of the ball when it was caught.
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What is the process for tracking a potential wicket claim?

1. Decision: Based on the evidence gathered by the technology, the third umpire
makes a decision and informs the on-field umpire. The on-field umpire then
announces the decision to the players and spectators.
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What are the potential reasons for an Ultra Edge sound glitch?

 There are multiple reasons that may cause glitches in the

functioning of Ultra Sound. The most common one is when a spike
is witnessed in the sound wavelengths prior to the ball coming near
the bat. This could be due to a potential fault in the stump mic or
due to external sounds picked up by the mic at the time of the ball
being bowled.
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What are the potential reasons for an Ultra Edge sound glitch?

 The bat hitting the ground at the same time as the ball hits the bat is one potential
contribution to a glitch where the sound detected by the mic causes confusion. The ball
hitting the body after passing the bat which is in close proximity to the body can also lead
to a distortion in the sound lengths detected.

 Example:
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What are the potential reasons for an Ultra Edge sound glitch?

 Ultra-Edge is a type of audio tracking technology used in cricket to determine whether the ball has
touched the bat. A sound glitch or distortion can occur when there is interference or disturbance in the
audio signal, which can affect the accuracy of the Ultra-Edge system. Here are some potential reasons
for an Ultra-Edge sound glitch:
1. Background noise: If there is a lot of background noise, such as wind, crowd noise, or
other sounds, this can interfere with the Ultra-Edge system and cause sound glitches
2. Faulty equipment: If the microphone or other equipment used for Ultra-Edge is faulty or
not properly calibrated, this can cause sound glitches and affect the accuracy of the
system.
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What are the potential reasons for an Ultra Edge sound glitch?

1. Ball hitting the ground: If the ball hits the ground before hitting the bat, this can
create a sound that is similar to the sound of the ball hitting the bat, which can
cause a sound glitch in the Ultra-Edge system.
2. Multiple impacts: If the ball hits the bat multiple times, or if there are other
impacts on the bat, such as from the batsman's pads, this can cause a sound
glitch in the Ultra-Edge system.
3. Distance from the bat: If the microphone used for UltraEdge is too far away
from the bat, this can cause a weak or distorted signal, which can lead to sound
glitches and affect the accuracy of the system.
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Doubts Over Ultra Edge?

 Just like any other technology, Ultra Edge is not foolproof. Since it relies solely on stump
mics, the room for error is much more. For instance, there can be multiple noises
simultaneously. For example, a ball can hit the pad even as the bat is hitting the ground—
two noises at a single instance.
 At such a situation, the Ultra Edge can either show a spike moments before an actual nick,
enough to misguide the third umpire.  There were instances when no spike was picked at
all, thanks to a faulty stump mic.
 Example:
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Doubts Over Ultra Edge?

 Like any technology, Ultra-Edge is not perfect, and there have been doubts raised over its
accuracy and effectiveness in certain situations. Here are some of the doubts or criticisms
that have been raised over Ultra-Edge:
1. Reliance on sound: Ultra-Edge relies on sound waves to detect whether the ball has hit the bat,
which can be affected by various factors, such as background noise or multiple impacts. This
can lead to inaccuracies in the system and false positives or false negatives.
2. Limited use: Ultra-Edge is only used to detect whether the ball has hit the bat, and does not
provide information on other aspects of the game, such as LBW decisions or run outs.
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Doubts Over Ultra Edge?

1. Cost: The cost of implementing Ultra-Edge technology can be a significant

barrier for some cricketing authorities, particularly in smaller or less wealthy
countries.
2. Umpire interpretation: While Ultra-Edge is designed to provide more accurate
information to the third umpire, there is still a degree of interpretation required
by the umpire in making the final decision.
3. Availability: Ultra-Edge may not be available in all matches or for all types of
wicket claims, depending on the rules and regulations of the competition.
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Ultra Edge in Short

 To differentiate the sounds created by the different sources, Ultra Edge was invented and
now it is used as a replacement for the Snickometer in the DRS system.
 Example:
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Ultra Edge in Short

 Ultra-Edge is a technology used in cricket to determine whether the ball has hit the bat. It
works by using a microphone placed near the stumps to pick up the sound of the ball
hitting the bat.
 The sound waves are then analyzed to determine whether there was any contact between
the ball and the bat.
 Ultra-Edge is often used in conjunction with other technologies, such as Hot Spot and
slow-motion replays, to help umpires make more accurate decisions on wicket claims.
 However, there are some doubts and limitations associated with Ultra-Edge, including its
reliance on sound and the potential for interference or other factors to affect its accuracy
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How do Ultra-Edge and Hot Spot work? 

 Speaking of how the two systems work, Ultra-Edge is assisted by the stump microphone.
This technology helps in discerning between the sounds created by the bat, pads, and
clothing during the run of play. Umpires refer to Ultra-Edge to decide the close calls in
LBWs and bat-pad situations.
 On the other hand, Hot Spot is a sort of imaging system used to determine whether the
ball has struck the batter’s bat or pad. It requires two infrared cameras on opposite sides
of the ground above the field of play that are continuously recording an image.
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How do Ultra-Edge and Hot Spot work? 

 Ultra-Edge and Hot Spot are two technologies used in cricket to help umpires make more
accurate decisions on wicket claims. Here's how they work:
1. Ultra-Edge: Ultra-Edge is an audio tracking technology that uses a microphone placed near the
stumps to pick up the sound of the ball hitting the bat. The sound waves are then analysed to
determine whether there was any contact between the ball and the bat. If there is contact, a
signal is sent to the third umpire who can then review the footage to make a decision on whether
the batsman is out or not.
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How do Ultra-Edge and Hot Spot work? 

1. Hot Spot: Hot Spot is an infrared imaging system that uses cameras placed
around the ground to detect the heat generated by the ball when it hits any
object, such as the bat or the pads. If the ball hits the bat, it will leave a mark
on the bat that can be detected by the Hot Spot cameras as a small white or
bright spot. The cameras can then pick up this spot and send the footage to
the third umpire who can review it to make a decision on whether the
batsman is out or not.
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What’s better? 

 Based on what the two systems offer, Hotspot is better than Ultra-
Edge as differentiating between sounds can be tough for technology
especially when the ball hits the bat and pad simultaneously.
 On the other hand, Hotspot makes it clear whether the ball has hit
the bat or not as it leaves a clear mark.
 Hence, accurate results are more likely to come if umpires use
Hotspot over Ultra-Edge. But then again, there will be a small
margin of error in whichever technology we use.
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What’s better? 

 Both Ultra-Edge and Hot Spot have their own strengths and
weaknesses, and neither technology is considered to be perfect. Here are
some of the factors to consider when comparing the two technologies:
1. Accuracy: Hot Spot is generally considered to be more accurate
than Ultra-Edge in detecting whether the ball has hit the bat. This is
because Hot Spot can detect even the slightest contact between the
ball and the bat, and can also pick up contact even if the ball hits
the edge or the back of the bat. However, Hot Spot is not always
reliable in detecting edges that are very faint or glancing.
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What’s better? 

1. Reliability: Ultra-Edge is generally considered to be more reliable than Hot

Spot in terms of producing consistent and reliable results. This is because Ultra-
Edge is not affected by external factors such as the lighting conditions, which
can affect the accuracy of Hot Spot.
2. Cost: Hot Spot is generally considered to be more expensive than Ultra-Edge,
which can be a consideration for cricketing authorities who are looking to
implement the technology in their matches.
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What’s better? 

1. Integration: Ultra-Edge is integrated with the existing audio systems in the

cricketing venue, which makes it easier to implement and use than Hot Spot,
which requires additional cameras and sensors.

 Overall, both Ultra-Edge and Hot Spot have their own strengths and weaknesses,
and it ultimately depends on the specific requirements and preferences of the
cricketing authorities as to which technology they choose to use. Many cricketing
authorities use both technologies in conjunction with each other to provide more
accurate and reliable information to the umpires.
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Extra Description About Ultra Edge Technology

 The ‘Ultra-edge’ technology is a review system used in cricket to detect whether the ball
made any contact with the bat or not. 
 It has been approved for use in international cricket as per the International Cricket
Council’s (ICC) guidelines. The system has been thoroughly tested by engineers at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
 The principle behind this complex-looking system is pretty simple. Record what you want
and eliminate the rest. When the cricket ball hits or even touches any part of the bat or the
batsman’s body, it produces sound in a particular frequency range (a characteristic of sound
that can be measured).
 The stump microphone records the audio and amplifies this specific frequency, eliminating
the rest with the help of an oscilloscope and a resonance filter.
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Extra Description About Ultra Edge Technology

 Apart from a sensitive mic, a good slow-motion camera is required that can capture the motion of
the ball as it travels across the batsman. The recorded video is then combined with the time-graphs
from ultra-edge and is used for reviewing decisions.

 Different curves represent different sounds on the graph, which will usually appear on your
television screen. For instance, a sharp variation means the ball has hit the bat, while a sharp peak
implies that the bat has hit the pad.
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Extra Description About Ultra Edge Technology

 Ultra Edge is a technology used in cricket to detect whether the ball has made contact with the bat.
It works by using a microphone placed near the stumps to pick up the sound of the ball hitting the
bat. The sound waves are then analyzed to determine whether there was any contact between the
ball and the bat. If there is any contact, a signal is sent to the third umpire who can review the
footage to make a decision on whether the batsman is out or not.

 One of the advantages of Ultra Edge is that it is integrated with the existing audio systems in the
cricketing venue, which makes it easier to implement and use than other technologies. Another
advantage is that it is not affected by external factors such as the lighting conditions, which can
affect the accuracy of other technologies like Hot Spot.
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Extra Description About Ultra Edge Technology

 However, there are also some limitations associated with Ultra Edge. For example, it relies solely
on sound to make its determinations, which means that it may not be able to detect faint edges or
contact made at certain angles. Additionally, there have been instances where external factors such
as the wind or other sounds have interfered with the sound signals picked up by the microphone,
which can affect the accuracy of the technology.

 Despite these limitations, Ultra Edge is generally considered to be a useful tool in helping umpires
make more accurate decisions on wicket claims in cricket, and is often used in conjunction with
other technologies like Hot Spot and slow-motion replays.
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Conclusion

 In conclusion, Ultra-Edge technology is a useful tool in cricket that helps umpires make more
accurate decisions on wicket claims. By using a microphone placed near the stumps to pick up the
sound of the ball hitting the bat, Ultra-Edge can determine whether there was any contact between
the ball and the bat. While there are some limitations to the technology, such as the reliance on
sound and the potential for external factors to interfere with the sound signals, Ultra-Edge is
generally considered to be a reliable and effective technology that has helped to improve the
accuracy of decision making in cricket.

 It is often used in conjunction with other technologies like Hot Spot and slow-motion replays to
provide more comprehensive information to the third umpire in making decisions on wicket
claims.
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