P.V.K.
K INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ANANTAPUR
A PROJECT REPORT ON
FABRICATION OF ABRASIVE JET MACHINING
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr. K VISHWANATH. M-TECH,
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY,
A. NAVEEN KUMAR 203N5A0301
B. SHABARI KUMAR 203N5A0303
C. MUNI ESWAR 203N5A0306
S. PRAVEEN KUMAR 193N1A0344
ABSTRACT: AJM has become a very useful method for micro machining. It has enormous number of
distinct advantages over the other non-traditional cutting and drilling methods, that include high
machining versatility and minimum stresses on the substrate. This abrasive jet machining project is used
for drilling holes on brittle materials like glass. Holes can be created in brittle material and glass with the
usage compressed air and abrasive particles. A compressor used is connected through high pressure pipe
to the control valve. Control valve controls the air through pipes to the nozzle. A pressure gauge is
attached to measure the pressure through the pipes. Pressure relief valve is also used which is attached
between control valve and nozzle which performs the cleaning of air that passes to the mixing chamber.
Mixing chamber is used mix clean air with the abrasive particle at a high pressure. The abrasive particle
can be introduced from the upper inlet of the mixing chamber. A nozzle is connected to the end of the
mixing chamber where discharge takes place. Nozzle has the function of increasing the velocity of high
pressurized discharged air that is mixed with the abrasive particle. This discharged air is impacted on the
material which is held by the vice. Thus, the desired hole is obtained
LIST OF CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
2. Definition of AJM
3. Components
4. Working principle
5. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Applications
7. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Rapid technology development in the field of new materials and alloys with increasing strength, hardness,
toughness, heat resistance and wear resistance have imposed many problems and difficulties during the
machining by conventional means.
Machining intricate and complicated shapes of this and fragile components and accurate and
economical forming of very hard, high strength materials which are being extensively used in Aeroplane
and nuclear industries have forced the scientist, engineers and technologists to search for new techniques
of machining which can readily provide an effective solution to these problems.
As a research and development for the last forty years several new methods of machining have emerged.
Among the new methods we are going to deal with the Abrasive Jet Machining. The conventional
techniques like turning, drilling, milling etc., are well known and involves the use of mechanical power
between the workpiece and the tool whereas in this method need not be the case with unconventional on
advanced machining techniques.
DEFINITION
In Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM), abrasive particles are made to impinge on the work
material at a high velocity. The jet of abrasive particles is carried by carrier gas or air.
The high velocity stream of abrasive is generated by converting the pressure energy of
the carrier gas or air to its kinetic energy and hence high velocity jet
COMPONENTS:
1. Air compressor
2. Air filter
3. Mixing chamber
4. Pressure Gauge
5. Pressure relief valve
6. Pipes
7. Nozzle (Injector)
8. Bench vice
9. Glass Chamber
ABRASSIVE JET MACHINING PROCESS
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Abrasive jet machining (AJM) removes material through the action of a focussed stream of abrasive-ladden
gas. Micro-abrasive particles are propelled by inert gas at velocities of up to 300 m/sec. When directed at
a workpiecs, the result in erosion can be used for cutting, etching, cleaning, deburring, polishing, and
drilling.
Material removal occurs through a chipping action, which is especially effective on hard, brittle materials
such as glass, silicon, tungsten, and ceramics. Soft, resilient materials, such as rubber and some plastics
resist the chipping action and thus are not effectively processed by AJM.
No work piece chatter or vibration occurs with this process because the large enables AJM to produce fine,
intricate detail extremely brittle objects. The AJM processed eggshell provides a graphic example of the
delicate nature of the process. In addition because heat carried away by the abrasive propellant gas,
workpieces experience no thermal damage.
Applications
1. For drilling holes of intricate shapes in hard and brittle materials.
2. Abrasive jet machining is used to cut hard metal like stainless steel,
titanium, etc.
3. It is also used to machining or cutting reinforced plastic.
4. It is used in aerospace industries
5. Used to cut stone which reduce dust in environment
Advantages
1. AJM provides cool cutting action, no heat damage occurs to
the delicate work materials.
2. Ability to cut fragile and heat sensitive materials without
damage.
3. Ability to cut intricate hole shapes in materials of any
hardness and brittleness.
4. Low capital cost.
5. AJM units are easy to operate and maintain.
Disadvantages
1. AJM yields low material removal rates.
2. Nozzle life is limited.
3. A suitable dust collection system is required to prevent
pollution.
4. Replacement of rubber hoses which carry abrasives may
be necessary.
Conclusion
Abrasive jet machining can be used for polishing, deburring and other
finishing operation where the rate of material removal is important,
while in operation such as micro-drilling and cutting it is the erosion
depth which is more relevant.
