CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

-III
BAR3002

ROOFIN
SUBMITTED TO:
AR. VIVEK KARMAKAR
G SUBMITTED BY :
SACHIN KUMAR PATEL
B.ARCH 2ND YEAR 3RD SEM
201811101010002
TOTAL NO. OF PAGES: 28 SRMU
 HISTORY

TYPES OF ROOFING

MATERIAL COST

OBJECTIVE
VISUALS OF APPLICATION
AREAS

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

MARKET SURVEY
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 INTRODUCTION
A roof is the top covering of a building, including all materials
and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the
building or on uprights; it provides protection against rain,
snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is
part of the building envelope.
The elements in the design of a roof are:
 the material
 the construction
 the durability

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 history
As long as man has been around there have been a need for
shelter and protection from the elements. Throughout
history • Cavemen covered their
 roofs have been made from available
structures resources.
with sod roofs
covered with earth and

I plants. Provided good

insulation unfortunately
they were not vermin or
• The first known glazed clay
waterproof
 roof tile was used in China
5,000 years ago. Greece

II and Babylon used flat

earthenware roof tiles
between 4,000 and 5,000
years ago.
• The Romans brought

III
variations of the Greek clay
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tiles to England as early as
100 BC.
 History
• Around 735 AD thatched

IV
roofs were developed and
used.  Wood shingles were
introduced 300 years later.

• Industrial production of
clay roofing tiles began in

V
the 19th century.  One
hundred years later
concrete roof tiles were
first used.

• Most of the changes in

VI
roofing materials have
developed in the last 200 5
years.
 TYPES OF ROOF (roof style)
 Flat : A flat roof is a roof which is
almost level. The slope of roof is know
as pitch and flat roofs have up to
approximately 10 degree.
 Shed : Shed roof is basically a flat roof
having some pitch.
 Gable : It consists of two roof sections
sloping in opposite direction and placed
such that the highest, horizontal edges
meet to form the roof ridge. It looks like
an inverted alphabet v.
 Hip : A hip roof style has four sloping
sides. This type of roof is more difficult
to construct compared to the above roof
because they have a more complicated
truss.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOFING
MATERIALS
 Thatch
 Corrugated bamboo roofing sheets
 Asphalt shingles
 Wooden shakes and shingles
 Slate
 Clay Tiles
 Concrete roof
 Steel truss roof
 Fiber roof
 Poly-carbonate sheet
 ACC (Asbestos cement sheet)
 GI (Galvanized iron sheet)
 Corrugated stainless steel

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ROOFING MATERIAL
Thatch roof: Thatching is the craft of building a roof
with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge
(Cladium mariscus), rushes, heather, or palm branches. It is
a very old roofing method and has been used in both tropical
and temperate climates.
ADVANTAGES
 The materials are readily available.
 Thatch is lighter, less timber is required in the
roof that supports it.
 Thatch is a versatile material when it comes to
covering irregular roof structures.

DISADVANTAGES
 Thatched houses are harder to insure because of the perceived
fire risk
 Birds can damage a roof while they are foraging for grubs, and
rodents are attracted by residual grain in straw.

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ROOFING MATERIAL
Corrugated bamboo roofing sheets: They are an excellent alternative to
corrugated metal, plastic or asbestos roofing sheets. They are produced from
a natural and sustainable resource and can be used to cover homes, storage
facilities, animal pens and many other temporary or permanent structures.
ADVANTAGES
 Bamboo roofing sheets are environment friendly.
 They have the same standard measurements as
conventional
corrugated roofing sheets.
 Bamboo roofs are quieter in the rain and cooler in
the sun.
 Bamboo sheets are durable and strong with excellent
internal bond strength.

DISADVANTAGES
 They require preservation.
 Bamboo shrinks much greater than any other type of timber especially when
it loses water.
 Bamboo should be sufficiently treated against insect or fungus attack before
being utilized for building purposes.

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ROOFING MATERIAL
ASPHALT SHINGLES: An asphalt shingle is a type of roof
shingle. They are one of the most widely used roofing because
they have low coast and easy to install.
ADVANTAGES
 Many shapes and textures of asphalt shingles are
available.
 shingles help reduce air conditioning costs in hot
climates by being a better reflective surface.
 Fire resistance

DISADVANTAGES
 Asphalt shingles can be damaged if they're installed during
freezing temperatures and because they are not as high quality
as other roofing materials, they are more susceptible to wind
lifting and can crack easily during varying temperatures.

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ROOFING MATERIAL
WOODEN SHAKES AND SHINGLES: Wood shingles are thin, tapered
pieces of wood primarily used to cover roofs and to protect them
from the weather. Shingles were split from straight grained, knot
free bolts of wood. Today shingles are mostly made by being cut
which distinguishes them from shakes which are made by being
split out of a bolt.
ADVANTAGES
 They do not rust
 Offer very artistic and historic look to resistance.
 Wood shingles are durable even under adverse
condition.
 Easy to install

DISADVANTAGES
 It would suffer degradation by mosquitoes.
 This type of roof is easy to burn in fire
 It would suffer fro photodegradation from
ultraviolent rays.

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CONSTRUCTION DETAIL- SHINGLES

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ROOFING MATERIAL
SLATES: A slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous
metamorphic rock used as roofing material. Slate is one of the
longest-lasting roof materials, sometimes lasting more than
100 years.
ADVANTAGES
 Slate roofs are also fireproof and environmentally
friendly.
 Being made of natural stone, the tiles don't give
off VOCs or other pollution during manufacturing.
 installed and cared for properly it is not unheard of
for a slate roof to last 150 years or more.
DISADVANTAGES
 The biggest disadvantages to a slate roof are the
expense and the installation.
 Slate tiles are extremely heavy when compared
to other roofing materials.

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CONSTRUCTION DETAIL-SLATE

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ROOFING MATERIAL
CLAY TILES: A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing
material such as ceramic, stone, metal generally used for
covering. There are different types shapes and form which are
available in the market some of
them are:
 ALLAHABAD TILES: These tiles are made from selected
clay.
These tiles are extensively used in north-western India.
 CORRUGATED TILES: These tiles have corrugations.
These tiles are handsome in appearance, but they
can be easily blown away by a violent wind.
 FLAT TILES: These are ordinary floor tiles. To fix them
on battens, two or more holes are provided on their
surface. The suitable laps are provided at sides and
edges.

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ROOFING MATERIAL
 FLEMISH TILES: These tiles have got the shape of
letter ‘s’ with dimensions as 350mm *225mm*12mm.
they are used only for sheds.
 GUNA TILES: These are hollow tapered burnt clay
tiles. They are conical in shape with a base of 100 mm
diameter at the broader end and 75mm at the narrower
end. The thickness of the annual ring is 6mm.
 PAN TILES: These tiles are short and heavy. They are
less curved in section than the pot tiles. These tiles
are of length 330mm to 380mm and of width 230mm to
280mm.
 POT TILES: These are ordinary half round country tiles
and they are known as the locking tiles. These tiles are
semi-circular in section and taper along the length of
300mm with diameter of about 230mm at larger end
and of about 200mm
at smaller end.

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ROOFING

MATERIAL
PLAIN TILES: These tiles are basically flat and come in
the dimensions of 230mm*165mm*12mm.
 MANGLORE TILES: These tiles are of flat pattern and
they are provided with suitable projections so that they
interlock with each other. These tiles are manufactured
on large scale in south India especially at Manglore,
cochin and Calicut. These tiles are red in color and
made up of double channelled Basel mission manglore
pattern. According to BIS the manglore pattern tiles are
divided into two classes, namely, class AA and class A.

Effective Effective
length Width
320 mm 210 mm
340 mm 215 mm
350 mm 220 mm

DIMENSIONS OF MANGLORE TILES

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ROOFING MATERIAL
CLAY TILES
ADVANTAGES
 These tiles are less liable to be displaced by birds.
 These tiles may be used as a sole covering to the
roof.
 The pitched roof may be made completely leak proof
because of the fact that good drainage is ensured by
these tiles even when the slope of the roof is less.
DISADVANTAGES
 In chilly temperatures, clay tiles can become brittle.
 A downside to clay tiles is that they’re not
completely wind resistant.
 Some people avoid getting clay tiles for their roof
because they’re heavy.

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CONSTRUCTION DETAIL –PLAIN TILES

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ROOFING MATERIAL
CONCRETE ROOF: A solid slab of concrete capping the top
of your house. Concrete roof protects building against
storm winds. It is the mixture of cement, sand aggregate
and steel bars are used.
ADVANTAGES
 Easy Cleaning.
 Flat concrete roofs stand up well when exposed to heavy
winds.
 Flat concrete roofs are generally low maintenance,
meaning
they are easy to clean and aren't too difficult to access.
DISADVANTAGES
 Plant growth is a common issue among surfaces that
retain moisture.
 poor workmanship can compromise the outcome and
could
even make it more prone to leakage.

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ROOFING MATERIAL
STEEL TRUSS ROOF:
1) PLANAR TRUSS: A planar truss lies in a single plane.
Planar trusses are typically used in parallel to form
roofs.
2) SPACE FRAME TRUSS: A space frame truss is a 3D
framework of members pinned at their ends.

FIBRE ROOF: A plastic or fiber sheet of particular length

and width and thickness is used as roofing material.

POLY-CARBONATE SHEET: Polycarbonate roofing is an

ideal solution for many outdoor projects such as
garages, parking, etc

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ROOFING MATERIAL
ACC (Asbestos cement sheet): This material is composed of
asbestos and ordinary Portland. Asbestos is a silky fibrous
mineral existing in veins in metamorphized volcanic rocks.

ADVANTAGES
 Light in weight
 They are tough and durable.
 They do not heat up during hot season.
 Because of their lightness they economize in the sizes
of the members of trusses.
DISADVANTAGES
 The medical risks that asbestos roof caused were
when its microscopic fibres were inhaled they would
cause cancer and respiratory infections like Asthma

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ROOFING MATERIAL
GI (Galvanized iron sheet): These have been
used extensively for covering roofs of sheds,
workshops, huts, etc. such covering rusts
comparatively quickly, especially at the
connections; unless it is protected by
painting at suitable time period.

CORRUGATED STAINLESS STEEL: These can

used for sheds, huts or any other temporary
roofing. They do not rust but during hot
season they heat up and make the room hot.
They are light in weight.

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VISUALS OF APPLICATION AREAM

UTTAR PRADESH (HIP TILES)

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VISUALS OF APPLICATION AREAM

KERALA (MANGLORE TILES) UTTAR PRADESH(PLAIN

TILES)

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 VISUALS OF APPLICATION AREAM

UTTAR UTTAR PRADESH (GI MANGLORE(MANGLO

PRADESH(BAMBOO SHEET) RE TILES)
ROOF)

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 MARKET SURVEY
POLY-CARBONATE SHEETS
FIBER SHEETS
SIZE(MM) PRICE
THICKNESS: 3MM
1 35 Sq.feet
LENGTH: 50’ ,100’
WIDTH: 3’6” , 4’6”
1.5 55 Sq.feet PRICE : 40INR – 120 INR
2 70 Sq.feet
3 150 Sq.feet

4 240 Sq.feet

Colors: White
Blue
Green
WIDTH: 2’6” , 3’ , 4’
LENGTH: 8’ ,10’ , 12’
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 MARKET SURVEY
GI (Galvanized iron sheet)
THICKNESS: 0.40 MM
LENGTH: 8’ , 10’ , 12’ , 14’ ,16’ FEET
WIDTH: 2.5, 3.5, 4 FEET
PRICE: 150-200 INR (8 Feet long & 4 feet
width)

ACC (Asbestos cement sheet)

THICKNESS: 6 MM
LENGTH: 3000 MM
WIDTH: 1050 MM
PRICE: 450 INR

Corrugated stainless steel Corrugated Galvanized iron

LENGTH: 2400MM, 3000MM, 3600MM, Stainless sheet sheet
4200MM
WIDTH: 1000MM, 1250MM, 1500, 2000MM
THICKNESS: 0.3 MM

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Asbestos cement sheet