Carp Polyculture System: Submitted To
Dr. Shyamal Kumar Paul
Traditional And Semi Intensive Assistant professor
Dept. of FIMS
NSTU
Team Details
Fariha Islam
Roll: BFH2002024F
Soyad hosen
Roll: MUH2002025M
Md Tanvirul Ehsan
Roll: MUH2002026M
Table of Contents
Polyculture
How does polyculture works
Polyculture of carp fishes
Factor favorable for Carps to culture in polyculture system
Principles of carp polyculture
Culture System
Semi-Intensive
• Method
Intensive
• Method
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Diseases
Conclusion
Polyculture
Polyculture is a production system where two or
more species of fish with different ecological
habitat and food preferences are cultured together
in such densities that there will be almost no
competition for space and food.
Polyculture is characterized by
low investment,
quick return,
high profit, and rapid growth
How does polyculture works
Ponds that have been enriched through
chemical fertilization, manuring or feeding
practices contain abundant natural fish food
organisms living at different depths and
locations in the water column.
The two main aspects of polyculture systems
are-
1. Stocking densities and
2. Species combination
Polyculture of carp Fishes
Polyculture of carp fishes means the culture of different carp species in a pond at the same
time. In this case, several carp species of different niches are chosen.
Carp fishes of Bangladesh are divided into two groups –
1. Indigenous carp
2. Exotic carps
Cultivable Species:
Upper Layer Species : Catla catla (Indian carp). Labeo bata (Bata), Hyphophthamichthys
molitrix (Silver carp), etc.
Middle Layer Species: Labeo rohita (Rohu).
Bottom Layer Species: Cirrhinus Cirrhinnus (Mrigel carp),Labeo calbasu (Kalbasu), etc. Other
Species: Barbonymus gonionotus (Java barb)
Diverse feeding schedule
Factor favorable
for Carps to
Tolerate wide range and fluctuation of Temperature,Ph,Salinity,DO
culture in
polyculture
Easy to spawn in captivity & high fecundity
system
Hardy, easy to handle
Low production cost
Principles of carp polyculture
Main target is to obtain high production from
a unit of water body.
Fast growing compatible species of different
feeding habit are stocked in different
proportion in the same pond so that all
itsecological niches are occupied.
The maximum utilization of all
therequirements of life takes place without
doing any harm to each other.
Culture System
Numerous cultural systems are used for
the cultivation of carp species in
Bangladesh like-
A. Extensive or traditional culture system
B. Semi-intensive
C. Intensive
Semi intensive
Pond preparation Stocking
I. Dewatering. • Stocked with fish fingerlings after 5–7 days.
II. Pond bottom expose to sunlight • Stocking density varied from 10000-15000
for 3-4 days. fingerlings/ha
III. Liming at 250 – 300 kg/ha. • Average weight of stocked fish/fingerlings
IV. Base manuring with poultry varied from 0.5 – 350g
drops/cow dung at 1,500 – 2,000
kg/ha.
V. Fill the pond with water.
Semi intensive
Manuring Feeding:
• The ponds need to manure with Supplementary feed can be applied in all the
poultry drops/cow dung at 50 – 80 three trials with
kg/ha/day in the morning. The • mustard oil cake (50%)
manure was spread over the water • rice bran (50%) or wheat bran (50%) at 1 –
from all sides of the ponds. 2% body weight of fish except plakton
• Inorganic fertilizer (Urea and TSP) feeding silver carp, catla and macrophyte
was applied in small quantity from feeding grass carp
time to time.
Harvesting and marketing
• Harvests by draining the pond through a net, or by using a harvest pump.
• Yields range from 500 to 5,000 kilograms (head-on) per hectare per year, with 2,000
kilograms per hectare per year.
• Then, fishes are transported to the market alive or with ice-preservation
Intensive
Carp culture was established on an extensive level at that time, although
current carp polyculture is based on extensive or modified extensive farming
techniques.
In Bangladesh, polyculture is now mostly traditional and extensive, and
dominated by small and medium-sized farms.
Method
Pond preparation
• Continuous process where ponds are immediately restocked after a crop period of 8-12
months.
• Complete pond drying is done once every two years, followed by application of
agriculture lime at 500 kg/ha.
• Heavily manured using organic products like cowdung or poultry droppings.
• The former is often mixed with an inorganic fertilizer such as
single super phosphate (SSP).
Sometimes urea and SSP are mixed with the manure
• One half is applied initially and the rest in equal monthly doses.
Method
Stocking
• Stocking sizes range 1-5 cm, but average 3 cm.
• Farms devote at least 10 percent of their area to fingerling rearing,
where hatchery-produced fry are grown in large numbers for 8-10
months to 50-100 grams.
• Farmers culture catla and rohu fingerlings stocked at
8,000-10,000/ha at a ratio of 1 catla:10 rohu.
Method
Feeding
Fish production is largely dependent on the natural productivity.
Carp fingerlings are initially fed
70 percent rice bran,
10 percent oil cake,
10 percent cotton seed cake, and
10 percent raw rice bran.
Very recently, some farmers started using floating extruded feeds with 15-27
percent protein produced by leading manufacturers.
Method
Harvesting and marketing
• Ponds are partially harvested by seining six months after stocking, when
about 20 percent of the stock – largely catla – is removed.
• A second partial harvest occurs at nine months, followed by a final harvest
with complete pond draining at the end of the year.
• And then transported to the market as alive or ice-preserved.
Advantages
Simultaneously growing a diversity of crops fosters food security.
Reduces the need for chemical pesticides and herbicides.
Increases soil fertility, moisture retention, and nutrient content.
Creates a self-sustainable ecosystem.
Encourages organic pest management.
Efficiency utilize natural food
Maximize production per unit area of pond surface.
Improve pond condition
Low capital and maintenance
Disadvantages
The semi-intensive polyculture of fish is quite expensive and risky.
In this system, the probability of diseases is high.
This farming system gets obstructed due to a lack of better facilitated artificial
farms.
It is not possible to make the fish big sized in this system.
Need highly experienced employee.
Diseases
Aeromonas hydrophila
Pond water organic material concentration found
to positive correlated to hydrophila population size.
Fish bacterial septicaemia is a infectious disease,
happens to major Chinese carp.
Generally different types of parasites, bacteria,
virus causes the fish diseases.
Sometimes lack of food, unsuited food, low oxygen
concentration, high temperature variation,
unhealthy environment also cause fish disease.
Conclusion
The possibilities of increasing fish production per unit area, through polyculture, is
considerable, when compared with monoculture system of fish.
Different species combination in polyculture system effectively contribute to improve
the pond environment.
By stocking Silver carp in appropriate density certain algal blooming can be
controlled. Grass carp on the other hand keeps the macrophyte abundance under
control due to its feeding habit .
All these facts suggest that polyculture is the most suitable proposition for fish
culture.
Thank you
