Presentation on plastic products formulations

Contents

Introduction

Exemplified application of additives in various stages of the

production process of a polymeric material

Formulations of some known plastics which we are using in daily life

About the plasticizers

 Plastics formulations

Plastic additives are a diverse group of specialty chemicals that are

either incorporated into the plastic product prior to or during
processing, or applied to the surface of the product when processing
has been completed.

To a great extent, the selection of the appropriate additive is the

responsibility of the plastic processor or the compounder carrying out
the modification.
 Scheme: illustrates the use of typical additives in the process from
polymerization to product manufacturing

Exemplified application of additives in various stages of the production process of a polymeric material
Formulations of some known plastics products which we are using in daily life
 Rubber eraser

Polymethylmethacrylate 25 wt%

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 37

Calcium carbonate 38
 Electrical grade PVC
PVC 100 parts
Diisodecyl phthalate 55
Stearic acid 0.5
Calcium carbonate 20
Clay (Glomax LL) 10
Barium stearate 3
Zinc stearate 0.5
BTH antioxidant 1
Diphenyl isodecyl phosphite 1
Titanium dioxide 2
Barium oxide 0.5

All raw materials must be of electrical grade quality (low ionic content)
Low odor permeability hose

PVC 100 parts

BaZn stabilizer 2.5
Calcium carbonate 25
EVA polymer 70
DOP 15
Stearic acid 0.25
Titanium dioxide 3

Formulation has low solubility of carbon disulfide

 Composition for medical
containers

PVC 59 wt%
Vitamin E 12
n-butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate 6
Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate 13.8
Epoxol 9-5 9
Calcium zinc stabilizer (CZ-11) 0.1
Acrawax 0.1
 Food contact and medical
applications

PVC 100 parts

Di-(2-ethylhexyl adipate) 16
Epoxidized soybean oil 10
Ethoxylated nonylphenol 4
(antifogging agent)
Wax E 0.2
Dilauryl 3,3’-thiodipropionate 0.7
Zn stearate 0.2
BHT (antioxidant) 0.1
 Biocompatible material for blood
lines with irradiation resistance

PVC 65 wt%
Dioctyl adipate 31
Epoxidized soybean oil 2.9
CaZn stabilizer 1
Lubricant 0.1

Product can be subjected to radiation sterilization

 Flame retarded composition of
high performance

PVC 100 parts

Sb2O3 15
Trioctyl trimellitate 34.3
Lead stabilizer 5
Dioctyl tetrabromophthalate 30
Dioctyl tetrachlorophthalate 10

Formulation for cable and wire has LOI=37, low smoke (276)
and good low temperature properties
 Sound attenuation composite

PVC (Geon 178) 12.19 wt%

PVC (Formolon 40) 2.44
Barium sulfate 61.57
Microspheres (K-1) 1.27
Hydrated alumina (ATH 204) 1.47
Mineral spirits 2.68
Plasticizer (H-150) 9.6
Heat stabilizer (Thermchek 1776) 0.47
Heat stabilizer (Thermchek 904) 0.15
Pigment paste 0.99
Flammability additive (Thermoguard CPA)0.73
Flame retardant (Frysol CEF) 1.49
Surfactant (Triton 114) 1.07
Compatibilizer (Desical) 0.44
Froth stabilizer (Silicone DC 1250) 3.47
 Formulation for lamination of
safety glass

PVC 100 parts

Dioctyl adipate 50
Epoxidized soybean oil 5
BaZn stabilizer (UZB 793) 3
Perchlorate stabilizer (CPL 46) 0.2
Antioxidant (Irganox 1010) 1
UV absorber (Tinuvin 328) 0.2

Formulation provides impact energy dissipation

properties, and long-term service use stability
 MAIN FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY PLASTICIZERS

1.Make products more flexible

2.Lower the glass transition temperature
3.Affect packing density and free volume
4.Affect chain mobility and crystallization
5.Improve compatibility with other polymers
6.Lower processing viscosity
7.Determine rheological characteristics of plastisols and melts
8.Determine viscoelastic properties of materials
9.Determine impact resistance of material and impact dispersing properties
10.Determine scratch, wear, and slip resistance of material
11.Lower processing temperature
12.Affect fusion temperature
13.Affect gelation temperature
14.Affect discoloration of PVC
Continued….

15.Absorb radiation between 300 and 340 nm in a laminated glass

16.Affect thermal degradation of PVC
17.Affect an outdoor performance of products
18.Affect plasticizer take up rate (or dry-blending time)
19.Make products of varying rigidity
20.Affect creep resistance at elevated temperatures by reactive plasticizers or blending
21.Improve flammability of product
22.Improve limiting oxygen index
23.Improve heat release rate
24.Reduction of smoke (high molecular weight flexibilizers)
25.Increase of a low temperature flexibility
26.Affect foaming rate and microcellular structure
27.Increase chemical and oil resistance (high molecular weight flexibilizers)
28.Increase filler loading
29.Affect water uptake
Continued….

30.Improve water-based coating receptivity

31.Determine permeability to different gasses
32.Reduction of odor by limiting carbon disulfide solubility
33.Affect fogging
34.Affect shrinkage of product due to plasticizer loss
35.Determine surface tack of product or improve sliding resistance
36.Affect acoustical properties of materials
37.Determine biological stability of a product and antimicrobial properties
38.Affect the concentration of ionic impurities
39.Affect stain resistance of material
40.Affect retroreflective properties of materials
41.Affect blood compatibility
42.Affect environmental compatibility of product
43.Determine health hazards, especially in medical and food applications
44.Affect performance of other additives
45.Determine cost of product
46.Help in material recycling
 Edible pet chew

Soy protein 15.55 parts

Wheat gluten 15.55
Gelatin 8.5
Corn starch 25.4
Garlic powder 1.1
Onion powder 1.1
Lecithin 0.6
Turkey powder 2.8
Chicken powder 2.8
CaCO3 0.6
Tricalcium phosphate 0.6
Water 8.47
Glycerol16.9
Film forming composition for soft
capsules

Iota-carrageenan 6-12 wt% in wet film

Modified starch 12-30
Plasticizer 5-30
Buffer 0.5-2
Preservative 0-0.2
 Biodegradable polymeric
composition

Starch with 12 wt% water 40.5

Poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol) 30.4
Poly(ethylene acrylic acid) 4.3
Erucamide 0.25
Plasticizer* 21.5
Fluidizer** 3.1

*sorbitol acetate 65.5 wt% + water 14 wt% + glycerine 0.5 wt%

**sorbitol ethoxylate trioctadecanoate
 Biodegradable fiber

Starch 38.2 weight parts

Sorbitol 12.8
Glycerol 8.5
Thermoplastic starch 54.5
Water <0.1
Polyamide 40.5
 Non-toxic, biodegradable
projectiles for shotgun
cartridges

Polyester urethane 87.5 wt%

(Bionolle 3001)

Corn starch 8.0

Tributylacetyl citrate 3.0
TiO2 (anatase) 0.5
Calcium carbonate 0.5
Calcium stearate 0.5
 Face powder (the so-called Pan-Cake)

Titanium oxide 5 wt%

Kaolin 5
Talc 52
Zinc myristate 5
Iron oxide red 0.7
Iron oxide yellow 2.1
Iron oxide black 0.2
Tabular powder of organic silicone resin 15
Porous globular silica 10
Squalane 3
Glyceryl trioctanoate 2
Antiseptic proper
Perfume proper
 Hair spray

Non-silicone polymer 1 wt%

Silicone grafted polymer 2.5
Isododecane 2
Triethyl citrate 0.21
Propylene glycol 0.02
Potassium hydroxide 0.32
Perfume 0.10
Water 8
Ethanol 62.85
Propellant (isobutane) 7.02
Propellant (hydrofluorocarbon 152) 15.98
REFEREN
CES
Moy P Y, J. Vinyl Additive Technol., 4, No.4, Dec.1998, p.216-21.
Fyroflex Flame Retardant Plasticizer, Akzo Nobel, November 1998.
Loxil EP-PTS, Cognis, 2001.
Loxiol P 861/3.5, Cognis, 2001.
US Patent 6,194,498.
Ezrin M, Plastics Failure Guide. Cause and Prevention. Hanser, Munich, 1996.
Taylor J W; Klots T D, 29th Annual Waterborne Symposium, New Orleans, February 5-6, 2002.
Randall D in Handbook of Solvents, Wypych G, Ed., ChemTec Publishing, Toronto, 2001.
Govender T; Dangor C M, J. Microencapsulation, 14, No.4, July-Aug.1997, p.445-55.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION