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Lecture 1-2

Comparative and functional genomics approaches are highly interrelated. Next-generation sequencing can sequence millions of DNA fragments in parallel, yielding large amounts of data, while Sanger sequencing is limited to determining the order of one DNA fragment at a time up to 700 bases. 'Omic' technologies aim to universally detect genes, mRNA, proteins, and metabolites in a biological sample. Integration of information from the genome, transcriptome, proteome, interactome, and metabolome can increase understanding of how biological components are interconnected and determine functions.

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120 views22 pages

Lecture 1-2

Comparative and functional genomics approaches are highly interrelated. Next-generation sequencing can sequence millions of DNA fragments in parallel, yielding large amounts of data, while Sanger sequencing is limited to determining the order of one DNA fragment at a time up to 700 bases. 'Omic' technologies aim to universally detect genes, mRNA, proteins, and metabolites in a biological sample. Integration of information from the genome, transcriptome, proteome, interactome, and metabolome can increase understanding of how biological components are interconnected and determine functions.

Uploaded by

Ratan Ratan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Comparative and Functional Genomics

Lecture 1
Lecture 2
Comparison between Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing
(NGS) technologies
Sanger sequencing NGS platforms can
is limited to sequence millions
determining the of DNA fragments
order of one in parallel in one
fragment of DNA reaction, yielding
per reaction, up to enormous
a maximum length amounts of data
of ∼700 bases.

.
Functional, structural, and comparative genomics approaches are highly
interrelated. For example, microarrays can be used either to anchor markers to
genome maps or to analyze gene expression; functional markers indicate both
phenotypes and genetic locations. Structural genomics information becomes
available, comparative genomics tools such as genome zippers can be used both
to elucidate the structure of unsequenced genomes and as a shortcut to design
targeted functional studies.
Omics Technologies at a Glance

❑ The terms “Ome” derived from a Greek word and “Omics” are derivations
of the suffix -ome which means “whole,” “all,” or “complete.”

❑ Omics refers to collective and high-throughput analyses including


genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics that integrated
through robust systems biology, bioinformatics, and computational tools
to study the mechanism, interaction, and function of cell populations’
tissues, organs, and the whole organism at the molecular level in a non-
targeted and non-biased manner.
'Omic' technologies are primarily aimed at the universal detection of

❑ genes (genomics),
❑ mRNA (transcriptomics),
❑ proteins (proteomics)
❑ and metabolites (metabolomics) in a specific biological sample.
Building blocks of OMICS approach and systems biology in molecular medicine.
Schematic diagram showing flow of information between functional
genomics techniques for studying signaling pathways
Schematic overview of network analysis

Integration of information from different aspects of the cell, such as genome,


transcriptome, proteome, interactome, and metabolome, will increase our
understanding of how these components are interconnected and how these
interactions determine biological functions
Application field of OMICS technology
Accurate determination and validation of disease-related biomarkers

Genomic diversity and molecular heterogeneity of complex diseases

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