BRAND POSITIONING AND
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    BRAND  EXTENSION.
z         BRAND POSITIONING
      Brand positioning has been defined by Kotler as “the act of designing
    the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the
    mind of the target market”.
    In other words, brand positioning describes how a brand is different
    from its competitors and where, or how, it sits in customers’ minds. A
    brand positioning strategy, therefore, involves creating brand
    associations in customers’ minds to make them perceive the brand in a
    specific way.
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        Why is brand positioning important?
    By shaping consumer preferences, brand positioning strategies are
    directly linked to consumer loyalty, consumer-based brand equity,
    and the willingness to purchase the brand. Effective brand
    positioning can be referred as the extent to which a brand is
    perceived as favorable, different and credible in consumers’ minds.
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    How to find a powerful brand positioning
                           (3 simple steps)?
    Step 1: In order to create a unique and successful positioning for your
    brand, you need to analyze the following: Understand what your
    consumers want Understand what your company’s and brand
    capabilities are Understand how each competitor is positioning their
    brand
    Step 2: Once you’ve done that, you will need to choose a positioning
    statement that: Will resonate with your consumers Can be delivered by
    your company (capabilities) That is different from your competitors.
    Step 3: The remaining challenge is to then reflect this brand positioning
    in everything that you do (brand personality, packaging design, product,
    service, visual identity design, communications, etc).
z                 BRAND EXTENSION
     Brand ExtensionBrand extension or brand
    stretching is a marketing strategy in which a firm
    marketing a product with a well-developed image
    uses the same brand name in a different product
    category. The new product is called a spin-off.
    Organizations use this strategy to increase and
    leverage brand equity.
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       TYPES OF BRAND EXTENSION
    Line Extension.
    Customer Franchise Extension
    Company Expertise Extension
    Brand Distinction
    Transfer of Component
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    ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
    Grows Audience
    More Earnings
    Trust from Customers
    Promotes the Existing Products
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             DISADVANTAGES
    Potential Change of Parent Brand Image
    Possibility of Over saturation
    Smaller Marketing Budgets.
z    Examples:
    ITC & TATA