INSTITUTE: UID
DEPARTMENT : Interior Design
Bachelor of Science(Interior Design)
Interior Services & Codes II – IDT 262
FACULTY NAME : NIDHI BANSAL (E9575)
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
INTRODUCTION TO HVAC
Course Outcomes
CO Number Title Level
CO1 To understand the need & applications HVAC. Remember
CO2 To learn the importance of acoustics. Remember
CO3 To understanding of the structural and non-structural envelope and Understand
distribution systems, including Electrical & Wiring.
CO4 To understand the need of fire safety. Understand
CO5 To understand the use and necessity of smart building components. Remember
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Presentation Objectives
To help students understand the basics of HVAC
This course explores the components of interior construction and building systems as they relate to the interior
design professional.
The course will emphasize the understanding of the structural and non-structural envelope and distribution
systems, including HVAC to define interior space.
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UNDERFLOOR HEATING
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HEATING
UNDERFLOOR
There are two basic forms of under floor heating:
• Low temperature hot water systems.
• Installed electric element systems.
Both types comprise a matrix of either plastic pipe work or heating
cable embedded between a top layer of screed and the floor slab
below. The floor slab has a layer of insulation below, although in
some cases the order may be reversed. Other combinations of floor
coverings can also be used, such as chipboard and carpet which,
when used with electrical heating, provide a relatively quick warm
up and cool down cycle. This makes it particularly well suited to
buildings used intermittently and for short periods. Hot water
systems contain water at a temperature of approximately 35°C or
less to prevent an excessive floor surface temperature.
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UNDERFLOOR
KEY POINTS
• Suited to certain types of public spaces, foyers, shopping complexes, churches, commercial buildings and
buildings with tall spaces.
• Overcomes the problem of a cold surface normally associated with stone floors and other such coverings.
• Provides an invisible heating system which leaves the floor space virtually free from heating services.
• Heat output is largely self regulating - as the air temperature in the room increases towards that of the floor, heat
output diminishes naturally.
• Relatively even temperature distribution throughout space, with minimal or no stratification at high level.
• Electric systems are particularly convenient for use in small areas such as bathrooms and kitchens where tiling is
required.
LIMITATIONS
• Not suited to buildings such as offices which require under floor services, such as power and data systems.
• Leaks in modern hot water systems are very unlikely but can be serious should one occur.
• Heat output is limited and may not be suited to spaces with a high heat loss.
• Slow response to changes in temperature setting.
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HEATING
RADIANT HEATING
Radiant heating systems are typically used in buildings such as
warehouses, industrial units and sports halls.
There are two key reasons for this:
• Radiant heating is suited to buildings with tall spaces, as the
heaters can be located at high level and provide a radiant output
in a downwards direction into the occupied area.
• Radiant heaters warm people directly without heating the air
within a space. This enables an acceptable level of comfort to be
maintained with a relatively low air temperature. This is an
efficient way to heat commercial/industrial buildings which have
a lot of cold air continually entering through doorways and other
openings.
Radiant heating can be directly gas-fired, electric or fed by a hot
water system.
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RADIANT HEATING
KEY POINTS
• A building can be pre-heated far more rapidly than is possible with a warm air system.
• Air movement is not required to distribute heat throughout the space.
• High-level mounting of heating equipment frees up floor space and reduces risk of damage.
LIMITATIONS
• Gas burners require regular checks (typically every six months) to ensure correct operation. Access for
servicing may be difficult due to high-level location.
• Unless an external flue is fitted to a gas-fired radiant tube system, the products of combustion pass into the
building, which requires adequate ventilation (this is always the case for gas-fired radiant plaque heaters).
• Radiant heat can cause some materials to become discoloured.
• Medium and high temperature hot water systems require a regular examination by a pressure systems
examiner to comply with statutory regulations.
• Electric heaters carry an environmental penalty due to the energy loss associated with the generation and
distribution of electricity.
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HEATING
WARM AIR UNIT HEATER
Warm air unit heaters are typically used in industrial applications
and burn oil, propane or natural gas.
There are two basic types of heater:
• Unflued units, where the heat and products of combustion pass
directly into the space. This type of unit is particularly energy
efficient but requires adequate ventilation to dilute and remove
the products of combustion.
• Flued units, which incorporate a heat exchanger that enables air
drawn from the space to be heated indirectly and the flue gases
to be vented outside the building.
Both types of heater can either be free standing or mounted at
high level.
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WARM AIR UNIT HEATER
KEY POINTS
• Quick and simple installation.
• Good access to free-standing units for servicing.
• Ductwork can be connected with free-standing units to distribute heat more evenly.
• Condensing units are available which have increased energy efficiency.
LIMITATIONS
• Gas burners require regular checks (typically every six months) to ensure correct operation.
• Free-standing units take up floor space.
• Difficult access to high-level units.
• Heat output is convective which can result in warm air building up at high level (stratification). This may
necessitate the use of fans to create air movement and circulate heat evenly throughout the space. This
problem is more acute with high-level units.
• Convective heating requires a higher air temperature to be achieved in order to maintain the same level of
comfort as a radiant system. This causes greater energy consumption compared to a radiant system.
• Unless an external flue is fitted the products of combustion pass into the building, which requires adequate
ventilation.
• Noise from the units may be a problem in quiet environments.
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HEATING
GEOTHERMAL
Geothermal Heating and Cooling Systems provide space conditioning --
heating, cooling, and humidity control. They may also provide water
heating -- either to supplement or replace conventional water heaters.
Geothermal Heating and Cooling Systems work by moving heat, rather
than by converting chemical energy to heat like in a furnace. Every
Geothermal Heating and Cooling Systems has three major subsystems or
parts: a geothermal heat pump to move heat between the building and
the fluid in the earth connection, an earth connection for transferring
heat between its fluid and the earth, and a distribution subsystem for
delivering heating or cooling to the building. Each system may also have a
superheater to supplement the building's water heater, or a full-demand
water heater to meet all of the building's hot water needs.
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HEATING
GEOTHERMAL
How It Works - Concepts Ground Temperature
At a depth of below four feet, the ground temperature stays a constant 50 to 55 degrees year-
round.
During the winter, a geothermal system absorbs this extra heat from the earth and transfers it
into your home. During the summer, the system takes heat from indoors and moves it back
underground.
Annual air temperature, moisture content, soil type and vegetative cover (i.e., trees and plants)
all have an effect on underground soil temperature. The earth's temperature changes in
response to weather changes, but there is less change at greater depths.
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Assessment Pattern
Assessment pattern is based on the presentation given by
every student in a group of 5 on the assigned topic to
understand the need and application of HVAC system in a
residential building.
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APPLICATIONS
Applications of the presentation content-
• This presentation will emphasize the understanding of the structural and
non-structural envelope and distribution systems, including HVAC to define
interior space.
• To impliment the technology used in residential and commercial buildings to
control the heating and cooling environment indoors.
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REFERENCES
• https://www.archdaily.com/908320/how-to-design-for-optimal-thermal-comfort-and-why-it-matters
• https://architizer.com/blog/product-guides/product-guide/hvac/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143277/
• https://www.servicelegends.com/6-different-types-of-air-conditioners-choosing/
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THANK YOU
For queries
Email: nidhi.e9575@cumail.in
