PRESENTED BY:-

DIVYAM GIRDHAR
INTRODUCTION
Goals for restoration of endodontically treated teeth
Functions Of A Post-endodontic Restoration
Objectives Of Restoring Endodontically
Treated Teeth
Restorative treatment planning for endodontically
treated teeth
THE POST :-
 indications classification
 contraindications principles
Different types of post
Core materials
Impression of post and core
Final restoration
Conclusions
References
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth
replaces missing tooth structure, maintains
function and esthetics and protects against
fracture and infection.

The teeth which have lost considerable amount of

coronal and radicular structure can be made fully
functional member of dental arch by use of “post
and core” system .
Most authors agree that since the success rate of RCT
is pretty high at 80-95%, an arbitary period of a
couple of weeks is sufficient before providing a
permanent restoration.

A permanent restoration may be delayed if the

endodontic treatment has:
Doubtful prognosis requiring possible re-treatment.
Presence of sinus
Tenderness to palpation /percussion
 Goals for restoration of
endodontically treated teeth

Pathways of the pulp

Cohen,Ninth edi.
Several classic studies have proposed that the dentin
in endodontically treated teeth is substantially
different than dentin in teeth with “vital” pulps.

It was thought that the dentin in endodontically

treated teeth was more brittle because of water loss
and loss of collagen cross-linking.

However, studies dispute this finding.

In 1991, Huang et al. compared the physical and
mechanical properties of dentin specimens from teeth
with and without endodontic treatment at different
levels of hydration.

They concluded that neither dehydration nor

endodontic treatment caused degradation of the
physical or mechanical properties of dentin.
These and other studies support the interpretation
that it is the loss of structural integrity associated
with the access preparation, rather than changes in
the dentin, that lead to a higher occurrence of
fractures in endodontically treated teeth compared
with “vital” teeth.
Providing a coronal seal.

Providing protection to the remaining tooth

structure.

Restoring the esthetics and functions of the tooth.

Reinforcement of remaining tooth structure or
Replacement of missing tooth structure

Design and fabrication of the final restoration which

should restore tooth to its optimal biomechanical,
physical and cosmetic function
Restorative treatment planning for
endodontically treated teeth
 Amount of remaining tooth structure

 Not all endodontically treated teeth require posts .

 Healthy tooth
 Little or no tooth structure extending above the
gingival tissue
Post and core

 Periodontal crown lengthening

 Orthodontic extrusion
 Tooth position & occlusal forces

 Teeth are subject to recurrent nonaxial forces

 Degree & direction of forces

 Location of the tooth
 Occlusal scheme
 Patient’s habits

Designed to resist flexion

 Restorative requirements

• Horizontal & torquing forces endured by Abutment for

FPD / RPD dictate more extensive protective and retentive
feature in the restoration.

 Abutment for distal extension RPD absorb greater transverse

load & require more protection than single crown.
 Esthetic requirements

 Esthetic zone

 Esthetic restorative materials

 Tooth colored posts
 Composite resin
 Ceramic cores
 Ceramic crown materials
Basic components of the post-endodontic
restoration are:
The post
The core
The final restoration
Simply put, the post helps in the retention of the core,
the core helps in the replacement of the missing tooth
structure and the final restoration helps in restoring
the form and function of the tooth and protects the
remaining tooth structure from fracture.
 The post can be a rigid restorative material
placed in the canal of a non-vital tooth. (according to
cohen)

Function:
The post has got 2 main functions:
Retention of core
Protection of the tooth by dissipation of forces along
its long axis to the surrounding periodontal tissues
and the alveolar bone.
Ideal properties:
Retentive to the tooth and the core
Strong and provide protection to the tooth
Radiopaque
Biocompatible
Inert
Economical
Esthetic wherever required
Extensive coronal tooth structure loss/ >50% loss of
tooth structure including important landmarks such
as marginal ridges, cingulum, reciprocating walls etc.

Teeth which are going to be used as abutments for

FPD’s, overdentures etc.

If an endodontically treated anterior tooth is to

receive a crown, a post often is indicated.
Patient exhibiting any parafunctional habits which
can cause excessive amounts of load on the tooth.
Contraindications:
 Besides the opposites of the above points, certain
other contraindication include:
Endodontically treated teeth having a questionable
prognosis requiring possible re-treatment.
Teeth having minimal canal dentin
Teeth having unusual anatomy such as extreme
curvatures and fragile roots.
 The following is a simple way of classifying posts
based on their features:
1. Fabrication: Custom cast
Prefabricated

2. Materials used: Metallic

Non-metallic

3. Esthetics: Esthetic

Non-esthetic
4. Retention mode: Active / threaded
Passive/ cemented

5. Shape: Parallel

Tapered
Parallel with apical taper

6. Surface configuration: Smooth

Serrated
Threaded
7.Shank configuration: Solid
Hollow
Split

8. Resiliency: Rigid

Flexible
Types of posts:
 Posts can broadly be of 2 types – custom cast or
prefabricated.

Custom cast posts are those posts which are made by

taking an impression of the canal space either directly
or indirectly and casting a post which exactly
replicates the canal space.
The prefabricated post is available commercially in
predetermined dimensions, length and contours and
hence does not replicate the canal space.
Retention :- Post retention refers to the ability of a
post to resist vertical dislodging forces.

Retention is influenced by :-
1. Post’s Length,
2. Diameter And Taper,
3. The Luting Cement Used, And
4. Whether A Post Is Active Or Passive.
Resistance refers to the ability of the post and tooth
to withstand lateral and rotational forces.

A restoration lacking resistance form is not likely to

be a long-term success, regardless of the retentiveness
of the post
 Factors
 Post length
 Post diameter
 Post taper and design
 Luting agent
 Post position in the dental arch
 Post length

 Short post
 Prognosis – unfavorable
 Stress is generated over a smaller surface area, increasing
probability of radicular fracture
 Too long post
 Damage the seal of the root canal fill
 Risk of root perforation if apical 3rd is curved or tapered
According to cohen 10th edition :-
Length of the post should be:-

1) IN CASE OF METAL POST:-

 a) two third the length of the canal
 b) a radicular extension at least equal to
coronal length of the crown
 c) one half the bone supported length of the
root.
2) IN CASE OF FIBRE POST :-
 a) one third to one half the length of the canal,
maximum.
 b) a radicular extension about the coronal length
of the core
This study evaluated the influence of the
cementation length of fibre post on
the fatigue resistance of bovine teeth.
Thirty roots of single-rooted bovine teeth were
allocated to 3 groups (n = 10), according to the ratio of
crown length/root length (post cementation length):
group 1 = 2/3, group 2 = 1/2, and group 3 = 1/1.
They concluded that fiber posts can be cemented
based on the ratio of crown/root at 1/1.
Post diameter
 Potential for root fracture increases by SIX times/mm decrease
in tooth diameter.
Duetch el al

 3 philosophies (Lloyd & Croll concept)

 The Conservationists
 The Preservationists
 The Proportionists
 Potential for root fracture increases by SIX times/mm decrease
in tooth diameter.
Duetch el al

 3 philosophies (Lloyd & Croll concept)

 The Conservationists
 The Preservationists
 The Proportionists
 The Conservationists

 Narrowest diameter for fabrication of a certain post length .

 The Preservationists

 At least 1 mm of sound dentin surrounding the entire post .

 The Proportionists

 Post width should not exceed 1/3rd of the root width at its
narrowest diameter .
The aim of this study is to measure
fracture resistance of extracted premolar teeth
restored with 2 different diameter posts.

They concluded that  Post and cores significantly

reduce the fracture resistance of the tooth root and
should be used only to secure retention form for full
coverage crowns.

Teeth with a larger diameter post have a reduced

fracture resistance than teeth with a smaller diameter.
 Post design

Tapered , Parallel Parallel Tapered Parallel Tapered

Serrated Smooth Serrated Threaded Threaded Smooth
The parallel-sided posts provided superior retention
when compared with tapered posts; however, others
have indicated that threaded posts are the most
retentive, followed by parallel posts, with tapered
posts the least retentive.

Serrations on the post surface increased retention

when compared with a smooth surface.
Tapered posts produced the greatest stress at the
coronal shoulder, and parallel posts generated their
greatest stress at the apex of the canal preparation
 Luting cements
Glass ionomer cement

 Inherent adhesion to tooth  Brittle

structure  Soluble
 High retention rate  Abrasive
 Little shrinkage  Water sensitive during setting
 Good marginal seal phase.
 Fluoride release
 Biocompatible

Advantages Disadvantages
 Zinc phosphate cement

 Sufficient flow to form a  Low crushing strength that

thin layer for the cementing varies between 12,000 and
of closely adapted crowns 19,000 psi.
 Low thermal conductivity  Slight solubility in mouth
beneath a metallic fluids.
restoration.  Lack of true adhesion

Advantages Disadvantages
Resin cements & Resin modified glass
ionomer cement

 Advantage:
Greater retention with dentin bonding agent.

 Disadvantage –
 Expansion ,cause undue pressure.
Technique sensitive ,
short working time
Polycarboxylate
1. Provides a weak chemical bond to dentin.
2. Undergoes plastic deformation after cyclic loading.
3. Less retentive in comparison to zinc phosphate;
(low compressive strength).
The objective of this study was to investigate the
tensile bond strength and failure mode of glass fiber
posts luted with different cements.

Glass fiber posts were luted in 40 mandibular

premolars, divided into 4 groups (n = 10):
Group 1--resin-modified glass ionomer RelyX Luting;
Group 2--resin-modified glass ionomer Fuji Plus;
Group 3--resin cement RelyX ARC;
Group 4--resin cement Enforce. 
They concluded that resin cements presented
significantly higher tensile bond strength values than
those presented by the glass ionomer cements.
PRESENTED BY:-
DIVYAM GIRDHAR
 Post
Is a restorative dental material placed in the root of a
structurally damaged tooth in which additional retention is
needed for the core and coronal restoration.
Amalgam can be used with or without a post.
 AMALCORE. When amalgam is compacted into the
pulp chamber and 2 to 3 mm coronally of each canal.
Kaizer et al. in 2008 utilized the posts made up of
dentin to reconstruct the weakened roots.
They have
1. resilience of natural tooth structure,
2.provides excellent adhesion,
3. does not promote dentin stresses,
4. preserves the internal dentin walls,
5. biocompatible, and
6. easily adapts to the configuration of root canal.
Large ,flared root canals with thin dentinal walls.

Root reinforcement: Lui- 1994

Thin canal walls were etched, dentin bonding agent applied
Lined –light cured composite
Passive ,parallel sided metal post is cemented.

Disadvantage:
Lack of control over polymerization reaction.


 (Weakened anterior roots--intraradicular rehabilitation. Tait

CM, Ricketts DN, Higgins AJ. British Dental Journal 198, 609 - 617 (2005) )
Disadvantage:
Limited depth of cure.

Clear ,plastic ,light transmitting post(Luminex,dentatus).

Smooth,parallel sided.
Allow light transmission along entire post length
 Clinical procedure:

Insufficient coronal Post space

tooth structure prepared
Placement of MTA plug
Post space is etched ,rinse & dry Dried with paper point

Bonding agent
is applied
Cured &Post space filled
with resin composite
Luminex post inserted
through composite to cure it

Composite core
Quartz fiber post is build up
is cemented
Post removed,space
is modified
 Glass fibers bundled in resin matrix.

 Advantage:
 White color blends with dentin.
 Modulus of elasticity close with dentin

 Method:
Fiberkor tried in post space
 Canal prepared

Etched,rinse & dried

Bonding agent applied -20 sec,light cured -40 sec

Dual cure resin injected into bonded canal

Fiberkor post seated to full depth in uncured composite

Light cure

Core is built

DCNA,Vol 45,no.1,Jan 2001

Resistance Triad
 Ferrule effect

 A ferrule is defined as a vertical band of tooth

structure at the gingival aspect of a crown
preparation.

 a metal band or ring used to fit the root or

crown of a tooth (acc to GPT8)

 It adds some retention, but primarily provides

resistance form and enhances its life.
Reinforces the tooth at its external surface
Dissipating force that concentrates at the narrowest
circumference of the tooth
Reduces incidence of fracture
Resists lateral forces
Increase in retention & resistance of the restoration
Counteracting the functional stresses
A ferrule with 1 mm of vertical height has been shown
to double the resistance to fracture versus teeth
restored without a ferrule.

maximum beneficial effects from a ferrule with 1.5 to 2

mm of vertical tooth structure
These aspects are:
A) The height of remaining dentine after tooth
preparation. A wall is considered to contribute to the
ferrule only if it is 2 mm of height and continues
along more than half of the tooth surface.
B) The thickness of remaining dentine after tooth
preparation. A wall is considered to contribute to the
ferrule only if it is 1 mm thick.
C) The number of remaining dentine walls, and their
location.
The lateral vectors of load on the tooth. These are
defined as light lateral loads or heavy lateral loads
based on the type of tooth and occlusal scheme.
Gold alloys- Type –II, stainless steel and titanium alloys can be
used
Indications :-
When multiple cores are being placed in the same
arch. It is most cost effective.

When post and cores are being placed in small teeth

such as mandibular incisors. In these circumstances it
is often difficult to retain the core material on the
head of the post.

When the angle of the core must be changed in

relation to the post.
For endodontically treated anterior teeth with
moderate to severe destruction.
1)Custom fit to root configuration

2)Better geometric adaptation

3)Excellent core retention

4)Improves marginal adaptation

5)Better choice for wide canals

6) Beneficial in cases where angle of core must be changed in

relation to post.
1)Root fractures

2)Poor aesthetics

3)Two appointment

4)Corrosion .

5)Risk of casting inaccuracies

Fabrication technique
 Removal of root canal filling material to the
appropriate depth

1) Chemical removal
 Oil of eucalyptus
 Oil of turpentine
 Chloroform

 Disadvantages
 Dimensional change in gutta percha
 Difficult to control the depth of softening of the GP
 Potential leakage of the solvents into the periradicular
tissues
 2)Thermal removal

 Lateral compactor

 System B spreader
 Placed for 2-3 sec
 Takes 7-10sec to cool down
 3) Mechanical removal
 Gates-Glidden
 Peeso reamer

 Disadvantages
 It can weaken the root
 Damage the periodontium
 Lead to root perforation
Before removing gutta percha ,Calculate the length of
the post.

Should not be long enough to weaken the apical seal.

Avoid the apical 5 mm
Curvatures & lateral canals
Fabrication of post and core

Direct method
 Acrylic Resin
 Plastic dowels (prefabricated plastic patterns)
are used.
 Available to carry acrylic resin or wax to form
pattern of the canal.

 Toothpicks can also be used.

 Trim dowel Dowel( post) is checked for fit

Add resin to dowel Resin reaches doughy

stage,inserted into canal
Core portion is constructed Prepared pattern

Inspect for undercuts,trim away Finishing of core

Polished core
Any elastomeric material will make an accurate
impression of the root canal if a wire reinforcement is
placed to prevent distortion.

Cut ortho wire to length and shape of letter J.

Verify the fit of the wire in the canal (should fit

loosely and extend to full depth of post space)
Coat the segment with tray adhesive

Lubricate canal to facilitate removal of impression

material and place retraction cord if subgingival
margins
Using a lentulo, fill canals with elastomeric
impression material.

Seat the wire reinforcement to the full depth of each

prepared teeth and insert the impression tray

Remove the impression and evaluate it.

Pour the working cast

Roughen a loose fitting plastic post

Make sure it extends to depth of the canal

Apply a thin coat of sticky wax to the plastic post and

add soft inlay wax in increments

Wax the core

Recommended For multirooted teeth with divergent
roots having grossly decayed coronal tooth structure.
Where to Prepare
1. Maxillary molars:
Primary canal – Palatal canal
Secondary canal – Mesiobuccal or Distobuccal
2. Mandibular molars:
Primary canal – Distal canal
Secondary canal – Mesiobuccal or Mesiolingual canal
After removing the gutta percha material the
canals were prepared with the help of the
piezoreamer while leaving 4 to 5 mm gutta percha
for the apical seal.
Lubricate the primary canal (distal) and notch the
loose fitting plastic dowel. It should extend to the
full depth of the prepared canal.

Add resin to the dowel and seat it in the prepared

canal.
Do not allow the resin to harden fully within the
canal.
Loosen and reseat it several times while it is still
rubbery.
Once the resin has polymerized, remove the pattern.
The same procedure was being performed for the
fabrication of the post pattern for the secondary
canal, i.e. the mesiobuccal canal.
Once the pattern has been made additional
autopolymerizing resin for the fabrication of the core.
 patterns for the both the canal is
now sprued, invested and casted.

Finishing the casting both post with

a metal core have been adjusted
inside the primary (distal) and
secondary (mesiobuccal) canals one
by one.

The posts are cemented.

Final restoration
PRESENTED BY:-
DIVYAM GIRDHAR
Indications:

1)Moderate amount of remaining tooth

structure

2) Circular cross sectional canals canals.

3) Presence of undercuts which make pattern

Fabrication difficult.
Advantage
1)Decrease risk of root fracture
2)simple technique
3)Less time consuming
4) Ability to restore a tooth for immediate crown
preparation.

Disadvantages:
1)Less strength
2)Root is designed to accept post
3)Limited application when considerable tooth structure is
lost.
 Carbon fiber –reinforced epoxy resin posts

 Duret & Renaud in 1988 , France

 Matrix –
 epoxy resin reinforced with unidirectional
carbon fibers parallel to long axis of post .
 Fibers – 8um in diameter
 By weight – 64%
The disadvantage of the
CFP includes its
radiolueceny, which may
be impossible to detect
radiographically.

One manufacturer
covered the CFP with a
white zirconium coating,
AesthetiPost (Bisco).
Nocci et al (1998) reported in a 3-year clinical study
comparing CFPs and custom cast post. Only one CFP
failed because of post dislodgment, whereas 10 of the
custom cast posts failed due to root fractures.

Fredriksson et al (1998) reported no failures in a mean

duration of 32 months. Ferrari et al (2000) compared
the CFP to custom-cast post over 4 years. They
reported an 11% failure of the custom cast post,
whereas there were no failures of the CFP.
 Advantages Disadvantages

 Modulus of elasticity  Flexure strength decreases

similar to dentin 50% by moisture
 Less time consuming contamination
 Biocompatible  Reduced modulus of
 High fatigue, tensile elasticity on repeated
loading
strength
 Unesthetic
 Easy retrievibility
 Lack of radiopacity
 Poor adhesion to composite
resins
 Glass fiber –reinforced epoxy resin posts

 Composition
 Glass fibre embedded in resin matrix

 Higher content of fibers , greater strength

 Shapes
 Cylindrical
 Cylidroconical
 Conical

 Parallel sided GFR , more retentive > tapered GFR

 Good adhesive bond between composite resin cement & GFR
posts

 Eg- Mirafit white,Lucent anchor,

 Fiberkor,Parapost fiber white

 Polyethylene fiber reinforced posts

 Composition :
 Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene woven fiber
ribbon
 coated with DBA & packed into the canal, where it is light
polymerized in position

DBA is inserted Insertion of ribbon fibers

  Provide mechanical retention for composite resin cement

 Not required:
 Enlarging the root canals
 Removing the undercuts in the root canal

Advantage: flexibility
 Zirconia posts

 Composition :
Zirconium oxide
 Fine grained tetragonal zirconium polycrystals (TZP)

 Metal free posts

 Avoids discoloration of tooth structure
 Provides optical properties
 Excellent resistance to corrosion
Disadvantages
 lower fracture resistance than metal posts,
difficult retrieval of the fractured post within the root
canal, and
poor resin-bonding capabilities of the post to
radicular dentin
 Phase transformation:

 Tetragonal Zirconia to monoclinic phase at 130C -300C,

within water environment.
Decrease in strength due to formation of microcracks
 To inhibit
Oxides (magnesium , yttrium , calcium oxide) are
added to fully/partially stabilize tetragonal phase of
Zirconia at room temperature.
Called ‘Transformation toughening’
 Dental posts
 TZP with 3% yttrium oxide
 Called YTZP(yttrium stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline
zirconia)
 Advantages
 Extremely radiopaque
 High flexural strength, fracture toughness
 Biocompatible
 Low solubility
 Not affected by thermocycling
 Shape
 Cylindroconical shape

 Smooth surface
 May have grooves , serrations to enhance mechanical
retention
 May not bond well to composite resins
 CORE
It consists of the restorative material placed in the
coronal area of the tooth that replaces carious,
fractured or otherwise missing tooth structure.

Properties
• High compressive strength
• Dimensional stability
• Ease of manipulation
• Short setting time
• An ability to bond to both tooth and post
• Low plastic deformation
• Bio compatibility
• Cariostatic and low cost
 CAST CORE
 One piece post and core

 Advantages
 Easy retrieval
 Can be prepared on an angle with post.

 Disadvantage
 More number of appointments
 Laboratory expenses and time
 Technique sensitive in the laboratory phase
 AMALGAM CORE

 High compressive strength.

 Stable to thermal and functional stress
 Transmits minimal stress to the residual tooth , crown ,
cement margins.
 Highly retentive as a corono-radicular core.

 Disadvantage
 Corrosion & discoloration of the gingiva.
 COMPOSITE CORE

 Ease of manipulation, rapid set , strong compressive

strength.

 Coronal build up with composite resins requires 2mm of

sound tooth structure at the margins
Advantages
 Ease of manipulation
 Less time consuming

Disadvantages
 Polymerization shrinkage & contraction- marginal
discrepancy & micro cracks
 At least 2mm coronal tooth structure - for build up
 Technique sensitivity
 Glass ionomer core
 For small build ups.

 Adhesive failure

 Contamination of the tooth structure by saliva, blood,

cutting debris .

 Not indicated as a core for an abutment tooth.

Advantage :
 Anticariogenic potential

Disadvantage:
 Moisture sensitivity
 Limited for building up of small area
 Low strength and fracture toughness
 Resin modified glass ionomer core

 It exhibits moderate strength and water solubility between

GIC and composite resins.

 The property of fluoride release is equal to that of GIC. It is

indicated in moderate core build ups.

Advantage
 Improved properties than conventional GIC
 Minimal micro leakage.
 Disadvantage
 Dimensional instability in the presence of moisture
 Can fracture/ failure of the ceramic crowns
 Impression for post & core

Gingival retraction is gained

 Elastomeric impression material is

used .
Excellent dimensional accuracy & surface details.
•One stage impression – putty and wash are recorded
simultaneously (also called twin mix )

•Two stage unspaced – putty is recorded first and after setting

relined with a thin layer of wash

Two stage spaced – space is created for the wash. It is made by:

Polythene spacer over the teeth prior to making the putty

impression

Removing away the putty and providing escape channels for the
wash.
 Preparation of the coronal tooth structure
Guiding grooves:

 Depth orientation grooves

 Cervical 1/3rd & incisal 2/3rd
 Flat end tapered diamond

 Align the flat end tapered

diamond with the gingival and
incisal portion of the facial
surface
 2 vertical cuts in the incisal
portion of facial surface.
 Made at the full diameter of the
diamond bur of known diameter.

 2 cuts on gingival portion

 Tip of the diameter slightly

supragingival.
Incisal reduction

 Two incisal orientation

grooves,2.0mm deep

 Diamond should parallel

the facial contour of tooth

 Flat end tapered diamond

 Reduce the incisal edge by
2mm to the level of depth
orientation grooves.

 Maintain the plane of the

reduced surface parallel to
the incisal edge
Labial reduction
Remove the tooth structure
remaining between orientation
grooves,creating shoulder at
cervical margins
-
-
Interproximal reduction

 Keep some tooth structure

between adjacent teeth &
instrument

 “lip”/undermined edge can

be removed with sharp
chisel
Shoulder – extended lingual to the contact
Lingual reduction

 Small wheel diamond

 0.7mm clearance from

opposite tooth in metal
ceramics
 1mm clearance in
ceramics
 Reduce the cingulum
portion

 Small wheel diamond

 Not to extend gingivally

over the cingulum

 Lingual axial reduction

 Torpedo diamond &
carbide finishing bur
In all ceramics, tapered diamond is used.
 Chamfer finish line
 Reduce the lingual axial
surface
 Parallel with the cervical
1/3rd of facial surface.
In all ceramics
 radial shoulder finishing
 Radial fissure bur
 Facial axial finishing
 No.171 bur

 Eliminate any undercuts

 Round over any sharp
angles on the incisal angle

 Shoulder finishing
 Finishing
 End cutting bur & hand
instruments

 Use a sharp 1.0mm wide

chisel to produce a
smooth finish line
 Inciso facial view of the
preparation

 Linguo incisal view

 Full metal crown

Occlusal reduction:.
Round-end tapered diamond and 171L bur
Functional cusp bevel: Round_end tapered diamond
and no. 171Lbur
Functional cusp – 1.5 mm
Non functonal – 1.0 mm
Buccal and lingual axial reduction: Torpedo diamond
Proximal axial reduction: Short needle
diamonds.tapered diamond and torpendo
Chamfer and axial finishing: Torpedo bur
 Metal ceramic
Planar occlusal reduction:
Round-end tapered diamond and no. 1 71 L
Functonal cusp bevel: Round end tapered diamond and no.
171 bur
2mm of functional cusp bevel.
Depth-orientation grooves: Flat-end tapered
diamond
Facial reduction, gingival half Flat end tapered
diamond
Facial reduction, gingival half: Flat-end tapered
diamond
Proximal axial reduction: Short needle diamond.
Lingual axial reduction and finishing: Torpedo
diamond and bur
Facial axial and radial shoulder finishing: Radial
fissure bur
 Proper restoration of ET teeth begins with a good
understanding of their physical and biomechanical
properties, anatomy, and a sound knowledge of the
endodontic, periodontal, restorative and occlusal
principles.

 Success can only be achieved when technique choice best

meets the needs of individual clinical diagnosis.

 It also Depends on needs of individual diseased tooth &

clinical method for which it is indicated.
 Pathways of the pulp ,11th edition
 Endodontic therapy;Franklin S.Weine;Fifth edition
 British dental journal,Volume 198,No 7 ,April 2005
 Ingle’s Endodontics; 6th edition

 PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF
ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH; Dr. Reem Al-
Dhalaan journal of prosthetic dentistry 2006.
 Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth, joe
VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY 2004.
 Factors affecting retention of post systems: A
literature review, Lawrence W. Stockton THE
JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY. 81, 4

A review of the management of endodontically

treated teeth: Post, core and the final restoration
J Am Dent Assoc 2005;136;611-619 WILLIAM CHEUNG

Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth

Review and Treatment Recommendations
International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2009,
 Current perspectives on post systems: a literature review C
Goracci,* M Ferrari* Australian Dental Journal 2011; 56

 Post Placement and Restoration of Endodontically

Treated Teeth: A Literature Review. Richard S.
Schwartz, and James W. Robbins VOL. 30, NO. 5, MAY
2004. JOE

 Restoring the Endodontically Treated Tooth:Post and Core

Design and Material. JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS.
2010 may- april Volume 13 No.1