Earth Science/ GeoScience
The branch of science dealing with the
physical constitution of the earth and its
atmosphere.
It encompasses all science that seek to
understand …
Earth
Earth Neighbors in space
Earth Science Includes:
Geology
the study of Earth
Oceanography –
the study of ocean
Meteorology
The study of the atmosphere and the process tht
produces water.
Astronomy-
the scientific study stars, planets, and
other objects in outer space
The study of objects and matter
outside the earth’s atmosphere and of
their physical and chemical properties
Astrology-
the study of movements and position of stars and planets in the
belief that they influence human behavior and destiny
-also called as Obsolete Astronomy
Cosmology
an account or theory of the origin of the universe.
-the science of the origin and development of the universe
-the branch od astronomy involving the origin and
evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to today and on into
the future
Formation Of Earth
Most researchers conclude that earth and the other
planets formed at essentially the same time ..
Nebular HYPHOTHESIS
The solar system evolved from an enormous rotating
cloud called nebular
It composed of Nitrogen and Helium
About 5 billion years ago the nebula began to contract
It assumed a flat disk shape with the protosun (pre-sun )
at the center
Layers Form on Earth as …
Earth formed the decay of radio active elements
and heat from high velocity impacts caused the
temperature to increase.
Lighter rocky components floated outward to
ward the surface.
Gaseous material escaped from earths interior to
produce the primitive atmosphere.
Earths Major Sphere
Hydrosphere – Ocean is the most prominent
feature of the Hydrosphere
Nearby 71% around earth surface
It holds about 97 % Earths water
Also includes fresh water from, lake streams ,
falls ,glaciers as well as that found underground.
Earth’s Major Spheres
Geosphere
based on compositional differences .It
consist of the crust , mantle and core.
CRUST
The thin rocky outer Layer of the Earth
Mantle
The 2890 kilometer thick layer of earth
located below the crust
CORE
TheInnermost layer of the earth
located beneath the mantle
Plate Tectonics
The theory that proposes that
earths outer shell consist of
individual plates that inter act in
various ways and thereby produce
earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains
and earth crust itself.
Determining Location
Latitude and longitude are lines on
the globe that are used to
determined location.
Latitude
Indistance north or south of the
equator measured in degrees
Longtitude
Distanceis or west on the prime
meridian ,measured in degrees
Maps and Mapping
No matter what kind of map is made
some option of the surface will always
look either too small, too big, or out of
place ,Map makers have , however found
ways to limit the distribution of shape
size, distance and direction.
Topographic Maps
It represents earth surface in three
dimensions ,they show elevation ,
distance directions and slope angles.
Contour Lines
Are lines on a topographic map that
indicates an elevation
.
Contour Interval
Is the distance in elevation between
adjacent contour lines.
System
Size group of inter acting parts that form a complex whole
People and the
Environment
Population
Population of the planet is growing
rapidly
Use of minerals and energy has climbed
more rapidly than the over all growth of
the population .
Environmental Problems
Local, regional , global
Caused by people and societies
> urban air pollution
> Acid Rain
> Ozone depletion
> global warning
Cause by Natural Hazard
Landslides
the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or
soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris).
Earthquakes
the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden
release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic
waves.
Hypothesis
Tentative or untested explanation
Theory
Tested, confirmed, supported
hypothesis
Scientific method
Gather Information
Formulate hypothesis
Test hypothesis to formulate
theories
