VOICE PROCEDURE

VOICE
PROCEDURE
LESSON NOTES

SGT
MANOH BF
1
 INTRODUCTION TO VOICE PROCEDURE

AIM
TO INTRODUCE TO YOU VOICE
PROCEDURE AS AN
EFFECTIVE,SECURED,
INSECURED AND TACTICAL WAY OF
VOICE TRANSMISSION
PURPOSE
ITS PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE A
STANDARDIZED WAY OF PASSING SPEECH
AND DATA TRAFFIC AS SECURELY AS
POSSIBLE CONSISTENT WITH ACCURACY,
SPEED AND THE NEEDS OF COMMAND AND
CONTROL.
 WHAT IS VOICE PROCEDURE?

DEFINITION 
VOICE PROCEDURE IS A SET OF
RULES DESIGNED TO PROVIDE
SECURITY, ACCURACY AND
DISCIPLINE (SAD) IN RADIO
COMMUNICATION.
 
WHY MUST WE USE VOICE PROCEDURE
 

BECAUSE EVERY WORD WE SAY ON A RADIO SET

MAY BE HEARD BY THE ENEMY. THE USE OF
STANDARD PROCEDURE IS AN IMPORTANT
SECURITY MEASURE TO SECURITY. (SECURITY).
 
WHY MUST WE USE VOICE PROCEDURE
 

 BECAUSEEVEN THE BEST RADIO

COMMUNICATION MAY SUFFER FROM
INTERFERENCE WHICH CAN RESULT IN
MISUNDERSTOOD MESSAGES. UNDER ALL
CONDITIONS, ACCURATE RECEPTION IS
ESSENTIAL (ACCURACY).
WHY MUST WE USE VOICE PROCEDURE

BECAUSE, WITH MOST RADIO SYSTEM, IF

TWO PEOPLE SEND AT ONCE THE
RESULT IS CHAOS, CLEARLY, SOME FORM
OF DISCIPLINE IS NEEDED (DISCIPLINE).
THE PROCEDURE IS THEREFORE DESIGNED SUCH THAT,

THE SECURITY ASPECT PROVIDES DEFENCE AGAINST

INTERCEPTION.

THE ACCURACY ASPECT PROVIDES DEFENCE AGAINST

ATMOSHERIC INTERFERENCE.

THE DISCIPLINE ASPECT PROVIDES MAXIMUM CONTROL OF

OPERATIONS AND EFFICIENT CLEARANCE OF MESSAGE
TRAFFIC.
SECURITY
DEFINITION

SECURITY IS A CONDITION WHICH RESULTS

FROM MEASURES DESIGNED TO PROTECT
DESIGNATED INFORMATION, PERSONNEL,
SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENT AGAINST
HOSTILE OR UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS.
 
WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF THE ENEMY HEARING OUR RADIO TRANSMISSIONS?

IT MUST BE ASSUMED THAT EVERY WORD

IS BEING TAKEN DOWN AND MAY WELL BE
USED IN EVIDENCE AGAINST US.
IT IS NO SECRET THAT MOST COUNTRIES
EMPLOY A LARGE NUMBER OF EXPECTS
ENGAGED EXCLUSIVELY IN LISTENING TO
OTHER PEOPLE’S RADIO TRANSMISSIONS.THIS
IS CALLED ‘INTERCEPTION’
 IT IS FURTHER ASSUMMED THAT EVERY
RADIO TRANSMISSION INVOLVES THREE
PEOPLE – ONE SENDS IT,ONE RECEIVES
IT AND ONE INTERCEPTS.
 INTERCEPTION
INTERCEPTION IS THE ACT OF SEARCHING FOR,
LISTENING TO AND RECORDING RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONIC
TRANSMISSIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING
INFORMATION AND INTELLIGENCE.
WHAT TYPE OF INFORMATION IS ACQUIRED BY INTERCEPTION?

BASICALLY TWO TYPES OF

INFORMATION ARE OBTAINED; THESE
MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS LONG TERM AND
SHORT TERM.
 LONG TERM INFORMATION

LONG TERM INFORMATION IS INFORMATION

GATHERED OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME
ESPECIALLY DURING PEACE TIME AND USED
DURING TIMES OF HOSTILITIES. LONG TERM
INFORMATION IS GIVEN AWAY EITHER BY
DIRECT BREACH OR INDIRECT BREACH OF
SECURITY.
 DIRECT BREACHES OF SECURITY
DIRECT BREACHES OF SECURITY ARE USUALLY
DUE TO NEGLIGENCE OR CARELESSNESS ON THE
PART OF OPERATORS.
ORDER OF BATTLE, PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE MOVES
AND INTENTIONS IF NOT PROPERLY HANDLED
BEFORE TRANSMISSION GIVES INTELLIGENCE TO
THE ENEMY.
TO PREVENT THIS FROM HAPPENING, THE NAMES
OF UNITS AND FORMATIONS MUST NOT BE
MENTIONED IN CLEAR. AIDS TO SY SUCH AS CALL
SIGNS, ADDRESS GROUPS AND APPOINTMENT
TITLES ARE EMPLOYED.
INDIRECT BREACHES OF SECURITY
INDIRECT BREACHES OF SECURITY ARE LARGELY
DUE TO IGNORANCE AND OPERATORS
IDIOSYNCRASIES WHICH ALWAYS GIVES HIM OUT
ANYTIME HE’S ON A RADIO NETWORK. TO AVOID
THIS, OPERATORS MUST MAINTAIN THEIR
COMPOSURE, BE THEMSELVES AND FOLLOW
PROCEDURE AT ALL TIMES.
 SHORT TERM INFORMATION

SHORT TERM INFO MAY BE DEFINED AS

THE INFO SENT DURING THE ACTUAL
BATTLE,THE POSSESSION OF WHICH
WOULD GIVE THE ENEMY AN
ADVANTAGE.
 SHORT TERM INFORMATION
THE OPS OFFR MUST ACCEPT THIS RISK. HERE,
HE MUST WEIGH BETWEEN SPEED AND
SECURITY. HE SHOULD BE ABLE TO TELL
WHETHER THE ENEMY HAVING OBTAINED THE
INFORMATION IS LIKELY TO HAVE TIME TO
TAKE EFFECTIVE COUNTER ACTION.
SIMPLE GUIDE FOR FORWARD UNITS
IT MUST BE ASSUMED THAT ANYTHING
TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR WILL IMMEDIATELY
BECOME KNOWN TO THE ENEMY, ANYONE
DECIDING TO TRANSMIT IN CLEAR MUST
ACCEPT THIS RISK.
INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH INTERCEPTION

COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS
 CASUALTY
 DAMAGED OR DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT
 STANDARD OF RADIO DISCIPLINE
INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH INTERCEPTION

ORDER OF BATTLE
 COMMAND STRUCTURE
 RADIO NET LEVEL, COMPOSITION AND
FUNCTION
 UNIT IDENTITIES
INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH INTERCEPTION

INTENSIONS
 TACTICAL GROUPINGS
 MOVEMENTS
 OPERATIONAL PLANS
INFORMATION OBTAINED THROUGH INTERCEPTION

LOCATIONS
 FORMATION AND UNIT
BOUNDARIES
 AREAS OF OPERATIONS
 LOCATION OF HEADQUARTERS
AIDS TO SECURITY
 CODE WORDS
 RADIO NET
 CALL SIGNS
 NET IDENTIFICATION SIGN (NIS)
 ADDRESS GROUPS
 NICKNAMES
 NICKNUMBERS
 ARM INDICATORS
 APPOINTMENT TITLES
 VEILED SPEECHES
 VOICE CODES ( PLAYFAIR, GRIDDLE, SLIDEX,
AUTHENTICATION)
 CODE WORDS

IT IS A SINGLE WORD
 ISSUED AT UNIT AND FORMATION LEVELS
 CHANGES DAILY AT ALL LEVELS
 CODE WORDS ARE NOT READ BACK
 THEY ARE MUCH MORE SECURED THAN NICKNAMES
AND NICKNUMBERS
A SINGLE WORD THAT IS USED TO SAFEGUARD
INTENTIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING A
CLASSIFIED PLAN OR OPERATION. 2. A CRYPTONYM
USED TO IDENTIFY SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE DATA.
USES OF CODEWORDS
 LIFTING OR BREAKING ELECTRONIC SILENCE.
 TO INITIATE A PLAN OR OPERATION (STARTEX &
ENDEX, ADVANCE, STAND-TO ETC.
 NICKNAME
NICKNAMES CONSISTS OF TWO SEPARATE WORDS E.G.
TOP HAT USED TO MAKE REFERENCE TO
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS, EQUIPMENT ETC.
 ISSUED AT UNIT LEVEL OR ABOVE
 THEY ARE READ BACK
 ITS CHANGING DEPENDS ON THE OPS
CHOSEN AT RANDOM BUT THE FOLLOWING SHOULD
BE AVOIDED: COLOURS, WORDS THAT SOUND SIMILAR
TO OTHERS. E.G. ROOT AND ROUTE, LUKE AND LOOK,
SAME WORD TWICE, WORDS CONNECTED WITH A MAP
ETC., WORDS THAT RUN TOGETHER OR CHOSEN FROM
A SPECIFIC GROUP OF SUBJECTS.
 USES
 CHANGING FREQUENCY
 IMPOSING RADIO SILENCE
 BREAKING RADIO SILENCE
 LIFTING RADIO SILENCE
 CLOSING DOWN
USED FOR CONVENIENCE FOR REFERENCE TO
UNCLASSIFIED MATTERS SUCH AS COMMUNICATION
DRILLS AND TO FACILITATE REFERENCES TO
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS.
WHEN A MESSAGE TO BE SENT CONTAINS A
NICKNAME, EXCEPT WHEN BRAEAKING RADIO
SILENCE,
IT IS READ BACK. E.G.
CON: HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS ZERO TOP HAT OVER

1 : 1 TOP HAT OVER

2 : 2 TOP HAT OVER
3 : 3 TOP HAT OVER
4 : 4 TOP HAT OVER
9 : 9 TOP HAT OVER
CON : ZERO TOP HAT OUT
 NICKNUMBERS
 CONSISTS OF A FIGURE OR TWO FIGURES FROM 1-99
 ISSUED AT UNIT LEVEL AND BELOW
 CHANGES DAILY
THEY ARE USED FOR REFERENCE TO GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATIONS (PLACE NAMES), BRIDGES, RIVERS,
RESERVED DEMOLITIONS, ROAD JUNCTIONS, REPORT
LINES, STOP LINES, KILLING AREAS, COUNTER
ATTACK/PENETRATION AREAS AND ANY PROMINENT
FEATURES WHICH NEEDS TO BE DISGUISED.
 LIKE NICKNAMES THEY PROVIDE A PRACTICAL
MEANS FOR OVERCOMING UNPRONOUNCEABLE
WORDS OR NAMES
 THE PROWORD ‘FIGURES’ IS NOT USED WITH
NICKNUMBERS

-
NET IDENTIFICATION SIGN (NIS)
NET IDENTIFICATION SIGN (NIS) CONSISTS OF TWO
LETTERS USED TO IDENTIFY A RADIO NET. IT IS
ALLOTTED TO BOTH UNIT AND FORMATION NETS.
IT CHANGES DAILY AT ALL LEVELS. INDISCRIMINATE
USE OF THE NIS PREJUDICES SECURITY THEREFORE
SHOULD ONLY BE USED FOR THE FOLLOWING
PURPOSES;
 USES
 WHEN ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION. IT IS USED AS
A TUNING CALL OR AS A MEANS OF IDENTIFYING A
NET ON THE FIRST TRANSMISSION FROM CONTROL.
 WHEN INTERFERENCE IS EXPERIENCED FROM
ANOTHER STATION OR NET.
 WHEN A STATION JOINS A FORMATION NET OR WHEN A
STATION USING DAILY CHANGING CALL SIGNS JOINS A
UNIT NET.
 AFTER A PERIOD OF ELECTRONIC SILENCE.
 ADDRESS GROUP
AN ADDRESS GROUP IS A GROUP OF THREE LETTERS
USED IN PLACE OF CLEAR NAMES OF FORMATIONS OR
UNITS. IT IS DAILY CHANGING AND CARRIES THE
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION ‘ SECRET’.
IN ADDITION, ADDRESS GROUPS MAY BE ALLOTTED TO
CERTAIN STATIONS SUCH AS ROVERS, AIR SUPPORT
SIGNAL DETACHMENTS ETC. ADDRESS GROUPS ARE
PRONOUNCED PHONETICALLY EXCEPT IN THE
HEADING OF A FORMAL MESSAGE IS PRECEDED BY
THE PROWORD ‘ADDRESS GROUP ’.
 ARM INDICATORS
SINCE ALL UNITS USE SIMILAR FIXED CALL SIGNS, IT IS NECESSARY
TO HAVE A SYSTEM THAT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY UNITS
OF DIFFERENT ARMS WHILST WORKING ON A COMMON FREQUENCY
OR WHEN JOINED BY SOME FORM OF REBROADCAST
AS A RESULT EACH ARM IS THEREFORE ALLOTTED AN ‘ARM
INDICATOR’. THE ARM INDICATOR IS A SINGLE LETTER USED AS A
PREFIX TO A FIXED CALL SIGN TO INDICATE THE ARM OF THAT
CALL SIGN. AS FIXED CALL SIGNS, ARM INDICATORS ARE ALSO
FIXED
 THE USE OF ARM INDICATORS IS RESTRICTED TO UNIT NETS FOR
THE PURPOSE OF CO-OPERATION BETWEEN ARMS. THE ARM
INDICATOR SHOULD NOT BE USED;

 ON FORMATION NETS
 ON INDEPENDENT NETS
 AS A JARGON E.G. PICK UP YOUR INDIANS(INFANTRY).
COMMON ARM INDICATORS
 INFANTRY ------- INDIA(I) KILO(K)
 ARMOUR ------- TANGO(T) UNIFORM(U)
 ARTY ------- GOLF(G)
 ENGRS ------- ECHO(E) FOXTROT(F)
 ARMY AIR ------- ALPHA(A)
 PARA ------- BRAVO(B)
 MT ------- DELTA(D)
 AF REGT .……….. HOTEL H
 GAF AC ………… LIMA L
 MED ………… MIKE M
 NAVY AC ……… NOVEMBER N
 ORDNANCE …………. OSCAR O
 GMP …………. PAPA P
 DEME …………. ROMEO R
 SIGNAL …………. SIERRA S
 APPOINTMENT TITLE
APPOINTMENT TITLE CONSISTS OF A WORD
OR A COMBINATION OF TWO WORDS USED TO
DISGUISE CLEAR NAMES OR IDENTITY OF
APPOINTMENT HOLDERS IN ORDER TO AVOID
DISCLOSURE OF THE COMPOSITION AND
NATURE OF A HEADQUARTERS.
 APPOINTMENT TITLES
APPOINTMENT TITLE
COMMANDER SUNRAY
2IC SUNRAY MINOR
ADJUTANT SEAGULL
INT OFFR ACORN
QUARTERMASTER MOLAR
ARMOUR IRONSIDE
ARTY SHELDRAKE
ENGINEERS HOLDFAST
SIGNALS PRONTO 48
 APPOINTMENT TITLES
APPOINTMENT TITLE
INFANTRY FOXHOUND
SUPPLY & TRANSPORT PLAYTIME
MEDICAL STARLIGHT
ORDNANCE RICKSHAW
DEME BLUEBELL
PROVOST WATCHDOG
PAY STRONGBOX 49
 TO INDICATE JUNIOR APPOINTMENTS, ‘MINOR’ MAY
BE ADDED TO THE TITLE. E.G. IS SUNRAY MINOR
MEANING 2IC.
 TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SIMILAR APPOINTMENTS,
THE FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES; MY, YOUR, THEIR, HIS
MAY BE USED QUALIFY THE TITLE. E.G. MY SUNRAY,
YOUR ACORN, THEIR MOLAR ETC.
 APPOINTMENT TITLES
FINALLY, TO AVOID CONFUSION IN
IDENTIFYING SIMILAR APPOINTMENT
TITLES OF DIFFERENT ARMS OF SERVICE,
AGAIN THE FOLLOWING; LAND, AIR OR SEA
MAY BE AS A PREFIX TO THE TITLE. E.G.
LAND SUNRAY, AIR ACORN, SEA PRONTO
ETC.

51
 VEILED SPEECH
VEILED SPEECH IS SIMPLY SAYING OR MAKING AN
OBSCURE OR INDIRECT STATEMENT. IT IS THE ART OF
REFERRING TO THE FUTURE BY MAKING REFERENCE
TO THE PAST. FOR E.G. MEET ME AT THE SAME PLACE
AND TIME AS YESTERDAY. VEILED SPEECH IS VERY
EFFECTIVE PROVIDED ITS NOT OVERDONE.
 VOICE CODES
THE ONLY AUTHORIZED ONES ARE
PLAYFAIR- USED TO ENCODE OR DECODE CLASSIFIED
MESSAGES
SLIDEX- USED TO ENCODE OR DECODE SENSITIVE WORDS
AND PHRASES CONTAINED IN A MESSAGE
GRIDDLE- USED TO ENCODE OR DECODE GRID REFERENCES
CONTAINED IN A MESSAGE
WITH VOICE CODES, IT MUST BE REALIZED THAT
EVEN WHEN USED CORRECTLY, ONLY GIVES A SHORT
TERM SECURITY.
 CALL SIGNS
A CALL SIGN IS MADE UP OF ONE OR TWO FIGURES OR
A COMBINATION OF FIGURES AND LETTERS USED TO
IDENTIFY A STATION ON THE NET. FIGURES USED IN
CALL SIGNS ARE SPOKEN DIGIT BY DIGIT, AND
LETTERS ARE PRONOUNCED PHONETICALLY.
CALL SIGNS MAY ALSO BE USED IN PLACE OF CLEAR NAMES
IN THE TEXT OF MESSAGES AND CONVERSATIONS TO
PROVIDE DISGUISED REFERENCES TO OTHER STATIONS ON
THE NET. WHEN USED IN THIS REGARD IT IS PRECEDED BY
THE PROWORD CALL SIGN.
ABOVE UNIT LEVEL, CALL SIGNS CHANGE DAILY WITH
THE EXCEPTION OF CONTROL WHO REMAINS ZERO.
DAILY CHANGING CALL SIGNS ARE USED THE
FORMATION LEVEL.
CALL SIGNS ARE USED PRIMARILY TO ESTABLISH A
LINK BETWEEN TWO OR MORE STATIONS ON A RADIO
NET. THEY ARE SOMETIMES USED IN THE TEXT OF A
MESSAGE IN PLACE OF THE NAME OF HEADQUARTERS
OF A SUB-UNIT.
WHENEVER USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES, IT IS
ALWAYS PRECEDED BY THE PROWORD ‘CALL SIGN ’.
FIXED CALL SIGNS
FIXED CALL SIGNS ARE CALL SIGNS THAT DOESN'T CHANGE AND
ARE ALLOTTED PERMANENTLY TO STATIONS OR APPOINTMENT
HOLDERS WITHIN UNITS.
 FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR BN HQ (COMD)
1. CO 9 INT SECT 93A
2. 2IC 9A LO 94
3. OPS OFFR 9B RSM 95
4. ADJT 91 PROVOST 95A
5. SIG OFFR 92 DEF PL 96
6. SIG PL 92A FMN COMD 99
7. IO 93 FAC 97
8. REBRO- 98, 98A

61
1. COY COMD 89 SPARE 87
2. COY 2IC 89AOC LAD 88
3. QM 81 RECOVERY 88A
4. MO 83 CSM 89C
5. RAP 83ACQMS 89D
6. MTO 84 B ECH 85B
7. A ECH 85
FIXED CALL SIGN FOR ALPHA COY
ALPHA COY HQ -1

OC - 19
2IC - 19A
SPARE 19B
CSM 19C
CQMS 19D
FIXED CALL SIGN FOR 1 PL ‘A’ COY
NO. 1 PLATOON - 11

1 SECTION - 11A
2 SECTION - 11B
3 SECTION - 11C

65
FIXED CALL SIGN FOR 2 PL ‘A’ COY
NO. 2 PLATOON – 12

1 SECT - 12A
2 SECT- 12B
3 SECT 12C

66
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 3 PL ‘A’ COY
NO. 3 PLATOON 13

1 SECT 13A
2 SECT 3B
3 SECT 13C

67
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR ‘B’ COY
BRAVO COY HQ 2

OC - 29
2IC 29A
SPARE 29B
CSM 29C
CQMS 29D

68
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 4 PL ‘B’
COY
NO.4 PLATOON HQ -21

1 SECT - 21A
2 SECT - 21B
3 SECT - 21C

69
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 5 PL ‘B’ COY
NO. 5 PLATOON HQ -22

1 SECT - 22A
2 SECT - 22B
3 SECT - 22C

70
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 6 PL ‘B’
COY
NO. 6 PLATOON HQ -23

1 SECT 23A
2 SECT 23B
3 SECT 23C

71
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR CHARLIE COY
CHARLIE COY HQ-3

OC -39
2IC - 39A
SPARE - 39B
CSM 39C
CQMS -39D

72
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 7 PL ‘C’
COY
NO. 7 PLATOON HQ 31

1 SECT- 31A
2 SECT- 31B
3 SECT- 31C

73
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 8 PL ‘C’
COY
NO. 8 PLATOON HQ- 32
1 SECT - 32A
2 SECT - 32B
3 SECT - 32C

74
FIXED CALL SIGNS FOR 9 PL ‘C’ COY
NO. 9 PLATOON HQ - 33

1 SECT - 33A
2 SECT - 33B
3 SECT - 33C

75
 BATTLE GROUP SET UP
 BATTALION HEADQUARTERS
 HEADQUARTERS COMPANY
 COMBAT TEAMS ( A, B, C)
 SUPPORT COMPANY
 ASSAULT PIONEER

76
 SUPPORT UNITS
 ARMORED RECCE REGIMENT
 ARTILLERY REGIMENT
 ENGINEER REGIMENT

77
 RECCE REGT FIXED CALLSIGN
THERE ARE THREE SQUADRONS
 A SQUADRON -T1
 B SQUADRON -T2
 C SQUADRON -T3

78
 RECCE REGT FIXED CALLSIGN
A SQUADRON HQ -T1

 SQN COMD - T19

 SQN 2IC -T19A
 SSM T19C
 SQMS T19D

79
 RECCE REGT FIXED CALLSIGN
NO. 1 TP - T11

 1ST VEH - T11A

 2ND VEH - T11B
 3RD VEH - T11C
 4TH VEH - T11D

80
 RECCE REGT FIXED CALLSIGN

NO. 2 TP - T12

 1ST VEH- T12A

 2ND VEH - T12B
 3RD VEH - T12C
 4TH VEH - T12D

81
RECCE REGT FIXED CALLSIGN
NO. 3 TP -T13

 1ST VEH - T13A

 2ND VEH - T13B
 3RD VEH - T13C
 4TH VEH - T13D

82
 RECCE REGT FIXED CALLSIGN
NO. 4 TP - T14

 1ST VEH - T14A

 2ND VEH - T14B
 3RD VEH - T14C
 4TH VEH - T14D

83
 ARTILLERY BTYS
 A BTY - G1
 B BTY - G2
 C BTY - G3

84
 A BTY
 BTY COMD - G19
 BTY 2IC - G19A
 BSM - G19C
 BQMS - G19D

85
 A BTY
FOOS

A BTY B BTY C BTY

G11 G21 G31
G12 G22 G32
G13 G23 G33
G14 G24 G34

86
 ENGINEER SQUADRON
 1ST SQUADRON - E1
 2ND SQUADRON - E2
 3RD SQUADRON - E3
 4TH SQUADRON - E4

87
 1 SQUADRON - E1

 1 SQN COMD E19

 SQN 2IC E19A
 SSM E19C
 SQMS E19D

88
 SQUADRON TROOPS
 NO. 1 TP - E11A
 NO. 2 TP -E11B
 NO. 3 TP -E11C
 NO. 4 TP - E11D

89
 SUPPORT COMPANY
 MORTAR PLATOON
 MG PLATOON
 ASSAULT PIONEER

90
 MORTAR PLATOON
MORTAR PL HQ -50

 PL COMD 50A
 PL SGT 50B

91
 NO. 1 SECTION - 51
 MFC1 - 51A
 MFC2 - 51B

92
 NO. 2 SECTION - 52
 MFC1 - 52A
 MFC2 - 52B

93
 NO. 3 SECTION - 53
 MFC1 - 53A
 MFC2 - 53B

94
 NO. 4 SECTION - 54
 MFC1 -54A
 MFC2 - 54B

95
 MACHINE GUN PLATOON
 PL HQ 60
 PL COMD - 60A
 PL SGT - 60B

 NO.1 SECT - 61
 NO.2 SECT - 62
 NO.3 SECT - 63
 NO.4 SECT - 64

96
 ASSAULT PIONEER PLATOON
 PL COMD - 86
 NO.1 SECT - 86A
 NO.2 SECT - 86B
 NO.3 SECT - 86C

97
 PARTS OF A CALL SIGN
 ARM INDICATOR
 SUB UNIT INDICATOR
 PLATOON SUFFIX
 SECTION SUFFIX

98
 ASSAULT PIONEER
AN ASSAULT PIONEER IS AN INFANTRY SOLDIER
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR:
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOLS FOR INFANTRY
SOLDIERS TO CROSS NATURAL AND MAN-
MADE OBSTACLES AS WELL AS BREACHING
OF ENEMY FORTIFICATIONS; SUPERVISING
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIELD DEFENSIVE
WORKS SUCH AS BUNKERS, SUPPORT WEAPON
FIRING POSITIONS, ETC.

99
THE USE OF DEMOLITIONS, LAND MINES
AND BOOBY TRAPS, AS WELL AS THEIR 
CLEARANCE AND PERFORMING OF ALL
OTHER NORMAL INFANTRY DUTIES AS
THE SITUATION REQUIRES
 RADIO NETS
A RADIO NET IS A GROUP OF RADIO
STATIONS WORKING TOGETHER ON THE
SAME FREQUENCY FOR THE PURPOSE OF
COMMUNICATING WITH EACH OTHER. A
RADIO NET HAS TWO TYPES OF STATIONS
NAMELY;
 NET CONTROL STATION
 SUB STATIONS

101
 RADIO NETS
CONTROL STATION IS THE SENIOR STATION ON
THE NET AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RADIO
DISCIPLINE AND EFFICIENT CLEARANCE OF
TRAFFIC. THE REMAINING STATIONS CALLED
SUB STATIONS, OBEY OR TAKE ORDERS FROM
THE CONTROL STATION.
SUBSTATIONS SERVE SUBORDINATE HQS OR
INDIVIDUAL S ON A NET .THEY MUST OBEY
ORDERS FROM CONTROL.

102
CATEGORIES OF RADIO NET
TO MEET DIFFERENT OPERATIOAL
SITUATIONS ,ARMY NET MAY BE ORGANIZED
IN VARIOUS WAYS AND REQUIRE DIFFERENT
OPERATING PROCEDURES.HOWEVER,ALL
NETS FALL UNDER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
CATEGORIES:
a. SIMPLE NET
b. MULTICONTROL NET
 CATEGORIES OF RADIO NETS
SIMPLE RADIO NET- A UNIT NET WITH OR
WITHOUT SUPPORTING ARMS IS CALLED A
SIMPLE RADIO NET. A SIMPLE NET
CONSISTS OF A SINGLE CONTROL STATION
AND TWO OR MORE SUBSTATIONS.

104
 CATEGORIES OF RADIO NETS
MULTI-CONTROL RADIO NET- THIS TYPE
IS USED AT THE FORMATION LEVELS. IT IS
A NET ON WHICH TWO OR SEPARATE
NETS JOINED TOGETHER ON A COMMON
FREQUENCY OR BY A
REBROADCAST,OPERATE UNDER THEIR
OWN NET CONTROLS.OVERRALL
CONTROL IS EXERCISE BY THE SENIOR
CONTROL.
105
 RADIO NET DIAGRAM
FG YUP VB
Sub stations WSA
H N
SUBSTN
SDX HF HF
HF
QR
HF T
SPA
HF RE

3 4 5
2
1

HF NIS: GY
CONTROL
STN FREQ:
5.53MHZ
Ø
 ACCURACY
ACCURACY CAN BE DEFINED AS
PUTTING MEASURES OR
TAKING PRECAUTIONS IN
ORDER TO AVOID ERRORS. IN
ORDER TO AVOID WASTING
TIME ON CORRECTIONS AND
REPETITIONS, VOICE
MESSAGES MUST BE SENT
107
 ACCURACY
TWO THINGS MUST BE
CONSIDERED WHEN DOING
THIS AND THEY ARE:
 POSITION OF MICROPHONE-
MUST BE CLOSE TO THE
MOUTH ABOUT 2-3 INCHES
AWAY FROM THE MOUTH.
108
 ACCURACY- CONTD.

 RHYTHM- KEEP A NATURAL

RHYTHM. DIVIDE THE
MESSAGE INTO SENSIBLE
PHRASES.
 SPEED- SLIGHTLY SLOWER
THAN NORMAL
CONVERSATION. 109
 ACCURACY- CONTD.
 VOLUME - AS PER NORMAL
CONVERSATION SINCE
SHOUTING CAUSES OVER
MODULATION.
 PITCH - VOICE SHOULD BE
PITCHED HIGHER THAN
USUAL BUT DISCOMFORT
SHOULD BE AVOIDED. 110
 AIDS TO ACCURACY(SFMG)
BECAUSE LETTERS AND
FIGURES FORM A LARGE PART
OF MANY TRANSMISSION IN
RADIO COMMUNICATION,
THERE’S THE NEED TO ADOPT
A STANDARD METHOD OF
PRONUNCIATION. FOR THIS
REASON, THE NATO 111
NATO PHONETIC ALPHABETS
A - ALPHA H HOTEL
B - BRAVO I INDIA
C - CHARLIE J JULIET
D - DELTA K KILO
E - ECHO L LIMA
F - FOXTROT M - MIKE
G - GOLF N NOVEMBER

112
NATO PHONETIC ALPHABETS
O – OSCAR V VICTOR
P – PAPA W - WHISKEY
Q – QUEBEC X – X RAY
R – ROMEO Y - YANKEY
S – SIERRA Z - ZULU
T – TANGO
U - UNIFORM

113
NATO ARABIC NUMERALS
1 - WUN 6 - SIX
2 - TOO 7 - SEVEN
3 - TO-REE 8- ATE
4 - FOE-ER 9 - NINER
5 - FIE-YIV 0 - ZERO

114
 SPELLING
SPELLING IS SAYING A WORD
LETTER BY LETTER IN A
CORRECT ORDER. SPELLING
BECOMES NECESSARY IN
RADIO TRANSMISSIONS
ONLY WHEN A WORD IS
UNPRONOUNCEABLE OR
POOR RADIO 115
 SPELLING- CONTD.
CONDITIONS PREVENTS THE
PROPER RECEPTION OF A
DIFFICULT OR OBSCURE WORD.
HERE THE PROWORD ‘I SPELL’ IS
USED FOLLOWED BY THE
SPELLING OF THE WORD. E.G.
MOVE TO ‘I SPELL’ ZULU DELTA
INDIA NOVEMBER INDIA CHARLIE.
116
 FIGURES
UNDER GOOD RADIO
CONDITIONS, FIGURES IN THE
TEXT OF A MESSAGE EXCEPT
FOR GRID REFERENCES AND
TARGET INDICATIONS MAY BE
SENT AS IN NORMAL SPEECH.
UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS
HOWEVER, FIGURES 117
 FIGURES
ARE SENT DIGIT BY DIGIT
PRECEDED BY THE PROWORD
‘FIGURES’. E.G.
a.2359 HRS.- TWENTY THREE
FIFTY NINE HOURS OR
FIGURES TWO THREE FIVE
NINE HOURS.
118
 FIGURES- CONTD.
THE PROWORD ‘FIGURES’
HOWEVER, IS NOT USED WITH
THE FOLLOWING:

119
 FIGURES- CONTD.
 CALL SIGNS
 GRID REFERENCES
 NICKNUMBERS
 TIME SIGNALS
 AUTHENTICATION
 DATE-TIME-GROUPS
120
 MIXED GROUPS
MIXED GROUPS HAS TO DO
WITH BOTH FIGURES AND
LETTERS CONTAINED IN A
MESSAGE AND HOW TO GO
ABOUT THEM. LIKE WE
PREVIOUSLY DISCUSSED,
LETTERS AND FIGURES IN
THE TEXT OF A MESSAGE 121
 MIXED GROUPS

ARE TO SAID AS PER NORMAL

CONVERSATION WHEN RADIO
CONDITIONS FAVOR US BUT UNDER
ADVERSE CONDITIONS, THEY ARE
TO BE SENT DIGIT BY DIGIT OR
SPELT LETTER BY LETTER
PRECEDED BY THE APPROPRIATE
PROWORDS. 122
 GRID REFERENCES
GRID REFERENCES ARE LETTERS
AND FIGURES THAT SPECIFIES A
POSITION ON A MAP. ALL GRID
REFERENCES INCLUDING THOSE
ENCODED IN GRIDDLE ARE
PREFIXED WITH THE PROWORD
‘GRID’. THEY ARE SENT DIGIT BY
DIGIT AND LETTERS PRONOUNCED
PHONETICALLY.
123
 GRID REFERENCES

GRID REFERENCES ARE EASIER TO

INTERPRET IF A NATURAL PAUSE IS
KEPT BETWEEN THE EASTINGS
AND THE NORTHINGS. E.G.
 ENEMY AT GRID THREE TWO SIX-
EIGHT FOUR SEVEN OR
 MY LOCATION IS GRID BRAVO
MIKE- OSCAR TANGO 124
 ECONOMY
ECONOMY IS THE EFFICIENCY
AND CONSERVATION OF
EFFORT IN THE OPERATION
OR ACHIEVEMENT OF
SOMETHING. TRANSMISSIONS
MUST BE BRIEF AND
STRAIGHT TO THE POINT FOR
OTHER USERS TO USE THE AIR
125
 ECONOMY – CONTD.
ALSO THE LONGER WE STAY
ON THE AIR, THE MORE
VULNERABLE WE MAKE
OURSELVES TO THE ENEMY.
THEREFORE TRANSMISSIONS
MUST BE SHORT BUT
MEANINGFUL AND
UNDERSTANDABLE. 126
 AIDS TO ECONOMY
ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATION IS THE
REDUCED FORM OF A WORD
OR PHRASE. ABBREVIATION
IS ADOPTED IN RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS FOR
SAVING TALK AND WRITING
TIME. 127
 AIDS TO ECONOMY

THEIR USE SHOULD BE

ENCOURAGED PROVIDED THEY
REDUCE THE LENGTH OF
TRANSMISSION AND THERE'S NO
POSSIBILITY OF
MISUNDERSTANDING. IN CASE OF A
MIX UP WITH ITS USAGE, THIS IS
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO: 128
AIDS TO ECONOMY-CONTD.
DURING SATISFACTORY WORKING
CONDITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS ARE TO
BE SPOKEN AS PER NORMAL
CONVERSATION. E.G. DR AS DR INSTEAD
OF ‘DESPATCH RIDER’ OR ‘I SPELL’
DELTA ROMEO, HQ AS HQ INSTEAD OF
HEADQUARTERS OR ‘I SPELL’ HOTEL
QUEBEC

129
 AIDS TO ECONOMY-CONTD.
OR ‘I SPELL’ HOTEL ECHO ALPHA DELTA
QUEBEC UNIFORM ETC. UNDER ADVERSE
CONDITIONS SAYING THE FULL WORD IS
SHORTER THAN ITS ABBREVIATED FORM.
E.G.
HEADQUARTERS IS SHORTER THAN
SAYING ‘I SPELL HOTEL QUEBEC ETC.

130
 PROWORDS
PROWORD IS AN AID TO ECONOMY. THEY
ARE EASILY PRONOUNCEABLE WORDS
OR PHRASES USED TO CONVEY AN EXACT
MEANING. THEIR USE ENABLES ONE
WORD OR PHRASE TO BE USED IN PLACE
OF A COMPLETE SENTENCE. E.G.

131
 PROWORDS
ROGER MEANS I HAVE
RECEIVED YOUR LAST
TRANSMISSION
SATISFACTORILY. BELOW ARE
SOME COMMONLY USED
PROWORDS AND THEIR
MEANINGS;
132
PROWORD MEANING
ROGER I’VE RECEIVED YOUR LAST TRANSMISSION SATISFACTORILY

HULLO INTRODUCTION TO AN INITIAL CALL

NOTHING HEARD NO SIGNALS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED FROM A PARTICULAR STATION

CORRECT WHAT HAS BEEN SAID IS CORRECT

OVER END OF A TX AND SOMETHING EXPECTED

OUT END OF A TX AND NOTHING EXPECTED

WAIT WAIT FOR UP TO 5SECS AND CONTINUE WITH YOUR TX

SEND YOU HAVE PERMISSION TO SEND A MESSAGE

ROGER SO FAR HOW FAR HAVE YOU RECEIVED WHAT I’M SENDING TO YOU

WAIT OUT WAIT INDEFINITELY UNTIL I CALL YOU LATER ON THE SAME SUBJECT.133
 PROWORD MEANINGS

RADIO CHECK REPORT HOW YOU RECEIVE MY TRANSMISSION

SIGNAL STRENGTH CALL BY CONTROL STATION TO SUBSTATIONS TO REPORT

HOW THEY HEAR EACH OTHER

SAY AGAIN REQ FOR REPETITION OF ALL OR POTIONS INDICATED OF A

MESSAGE

PROVE OR CHECK PORTION INDICATED WITH ORIGINATOR

VERIFY AND SEND CORRECT VERSION

OK COMMUNICATION IS SATISFACTORY FOR WORKING

WRONG WHAT HAS BEEN SAID IS WRONG, THE CORRECT VERSION

134
IS…
 PUNCTUATIONS
PUNCTUATION IS RARELY
NECESSARY IN NORMAL VOICE
PROCEDURE AS MAY BE REQUIRED
IN FORMAL MESSAGES OR TO
CLARIFY A DIFFICULT POINT. THE
PHRASES BELOW ARE THEN USED;

135
 PUNCTUATIONS – CONTD.
 BLOCKS ON AND BLOCKS OFF
 FULL STOP
 BRACKETS ON AND BRACKETS
OFF
 OBLIQUE
 QUOTE AND UNQUOTE
 HYPHEN/ DASH
136
 RADIO DISCIPLINE
DISCIPLINE IS ESSENTIAL FOR
EFFICIENT WORKING OF A RADIO NET.
IRRESPECTIVE OF RANK, THE CONTROL
STATION OPERATOR IS IN CHARGE OF
THE NET AND RESPONSIBLE FOR RADIO
DISCIPLINE AND EFFICIENT
CLEARANCE OF TRAFFIC.

137
 RADIO DISCIPLINE – CONTD.
ALWAYS:
 USE CORRECT VOICE PROCEDURE.
 MAINTAIN A CONSTANT LISTENING RADIO WATCH UNLESS SPECIFIC
INSTRUCTIONS OR PERMISSION HAS BEEN RECEIVED TO THE CONTRARY.
THIS REQUIRES THAT AT LEAST ONE PERSON BE NOMINATED TO
MONITOR THE RADIO REGARDLESS OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES. ALL
ASPECTS OF VOICE PROCEDURE ARE BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT
STATIONS WILL RESPOND TO THE CALL IMMEDIATELY.

138
 RADIO DISCIPLINE – CONTD.
 LISTEN CAREFULLY BEFORE TRANSMITTING
TO ENSURE THAT THE FREQUENCY IS CLEAR
AND, WHERE POSSIBLE ALLOW FOR STATIONS
WHICH CANNOT BE HEARD.
 RELEASE THE PRESSEL SWITCH PROMPTLY.
 ON RELEASING THE PRESSEL SWITCH, ENSURE
THAT THE RADIO RETURNS TO THE RECEIVE
CONDITION.

139
 RADIO DISCIPLINE – CONTD.
 ENSURE THAT THE CORRECT
FREQUENCY IS IN USE
 ANSWER CALLS IN THE CORRECT
ORDER AND WITHOUT DELAY.
 LEAVE A SHORT PAUSE AT THE END
OF EVERY CONVERSATION.

140
 RADIO DISCIPLINE - CONTD.
ONLY ONE STATION MAY
SPEAK AT A TIME ON A NET. TO
AVOID CONFUSION, THE
FOLLOWING RULES MUST BE
OBEYED;
1. LISTEN OUT BEFORE
SPEAKING
141
 RADIO DISCIPLINE - CONTD.
 LEAVE A SHORT PAUSE AT THE END
OF EVERY CONVERSATION
 ANSWER ALL CALLS IMMEDIATELY
AND IN CORRECT ORDER
 ENSURE THAT THE RADIO SET
RETURNS TO RECEIVE AFTER EACH
TRANSMISSION

142
 RADIO DISCIPLINE - CONTD.
NEVER:
 VIOLATE RADIO SILENCE.
 COMPROMISE CLASSIFIED
INFORMATION BY
UNAUTHORIZED PLAIN
LANGUAGE DISCLOSURE.
 MAKE UNNECESSARY OR
UNDULY LONG TRANSMISSIONS143
 RADIO DISCIPLINE - CONTD.
 ENGAGE IN UNOFFICIAL
CONVERSATION OR OPERATOR’S
CHAT.
 IDENTIFY AN INDIVIDUAL, SHIP OR
UNIT BY NAME, OR ANY OTHER
PERSONAL OR INDIVIDUAL SIGN.

144
 RADIO DISCIPLINE - CONTD.
 SPEAK FASTER THAN THE
STATION EXPERIENCING THE
WORST RECEPTION
CONDITIONS CAN BE
EXPECTED TO RECEIVE, THUS
AVOIDING NEEDLESS
REPETITION.
 SHOW LOSS OF TEMPER OR 145
 RADIO DISCIPLINE - CONTD.
HANDOVER AND TAKEOVER BY THE
RADIO STATION OPERATORS. THE
RECEIVING OPERATOR IS TO RECORD
HIS RANK, NAME AND SIGNATURE TO
THE EFFECT THAT THE TRANSFER HAS
BEEN COMPLETED SATISFACTORILY.
UNLESS OTHER ARRANGEMENTS EXIST,
THIS SIGNATURE IS ALSO TO CONFIRM
THAT A COMPLETE CHECK OF ANY
CLASSIFIED MATERIAL HAS BEEN
MADE. 146
 CALL
A CALL IS AN INITIAL
TRANSMISSION MADE FROM
ONE STATION TO ANOTHER. IT
IDENTIFIES THE STATION
CALLING AND THE STATION
BEING CALLED AND BEGINS
WITH THE PROWORD
‘HULLO’. 147
 CALL – CONTD.
A CALL IS ALSO REFERRED TO
AS AN INITIAL CALL. TO CATER
FOR THE OPERATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS OF ANY RADIO
NET, SEVERAL TYPES OF CALLS
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. THEY
ARE AS FOLLOWS;
148
 TYPES OF CALL
 SINGLE CALL: A CALL TO ONLY
ONE STATION ON THE NET. E.G.
3 : HULLO 2 THIS IS 3 OVER.
 MULTIPLE CALL: A CALL TO TWO
OR MORE STATIONS BUT NOT ALL
THE STATIONS ON THE NET. E.G.
4 : HULLO 2 AND 6 THIS IS 4 OVER.

149
 TYPES OF CALL-CONTD.
COLLECTIVE CALL: IT’S A
CALL TO SOME DESIGNATED
STATIONS ON THE NET. IT IS
USUALLY PRE-ARRANGED TO
SUIT GIVEN SITUATIONS OR
TASK AND ONLY THE
DESIGNATED STATIONS WILL
REPLY. THE PROWORD 150
 COLLECTIVE CALL – CONTD.

WHERE MORE THAN ONE GROUP OF STATIONS

ARE DESIGNATED, FIGURES OR LETTERS MAY
BE USED AS SUFFIX TO DIFFERENTIATE
BETWEEN THE GROUPS;
HULLO CHARLIE CHARLIE ALPHA (CCA) THIS IS
ZERO OVER.
HULLO CHARLIE CHARLIE ONE (CC1) THIS IS
ZERO, OVER.

151
 TYPES OF CALL-CONTD.
ALL STATIONS CALL: AN ALL STATIONS
CALL IS A CALL TO ALL THE STATIONS ON
THE NET. THE PROWORD ‘ALL STATIONS ’
IS USED. ALL THE STATIONS ON THE NET
WILL REPLY. E.G.
CON: HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS ZERO
OVER

152
 TYPES OF CALL-CONTD.
EXEMPT CALL: IT’S A CALL TO ALL
THE STATIONS ON THE NET EXCEPT A
FEW. THE STATIONS CALLED ARE
MORE THAN THOSE EXEMPTED. IT IS
EASIER TO EXEMPT A FEW STATIONS
THAN TO LIST THE MANY STATIONS
BEINGS CALLED. THE PROWORD ‘ALL
STATIONS EXEMPT’ IS USED.
153
 CALLING AND ANSWERING
AN OPERATOR WISHING TO INITIATE
COMMUNICATION ON A NET MAKES A
CALLING TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF
1.INITIAL CALL – THIS INDICATES THE
STATION CALLING AND THE STATION
BEING CALLED
2.TEXT OF MESSAGE – THE INFORMATION
TO BE PASSED
3.ENDING – DENOTING THE MESSAGE HAS
ENDED
154
 ANSWERING TRANSMISSION
IF A CALLING STATION ENDS HIS
TRANSMISSION WITH OVER, IT REQUIRES
AN IMMEDIATE ANSWER. THE STATION
CALLED REPLIES WITH AN ANSWERING
TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF:
1. ANSWERING CALL – THIS INDICATES THE
CALLSIGN OF ANSWERING STATION
ONLY
2. TEXT – ACK USING ANY OF THE
FOLLOWING PROWORDS 155
 ANSWERING TRANSMISSION
AND IT GOES WITH ANY OF THE
PROWORDS;
 ROGER
 WAIT
 WILCO
 WAIT OUT
 SEND
a) ENDING – THE ANSWERING
TRANSMISSION MAY BE ENDED WITH
156
OVER, OUT, OUT TO YOU .
 LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE
A MESSAGE IS A THOUGHT OR
IDEA EXPRESSED BRIEFLY IN
PLAIN OR SECRET LANGUAGE,
PREPARED IN A FORM SUITABLE
FOR TRANSMISSION BY ANY
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. A
LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE IS
ONE WHICH TAKES MORE THAN
HALF A MINUTE TO TRANSMIT. 157
 LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE
BREVITY IS A GREAT HELP TO
SECURITY AND ACCURACY
AND ALSO AN ASSET TO GOOD
NET DISCIPLINE. THERE ARE
TIMES, HOWEVER WHEN LONG
TRANSMISSIONS MUST BE SENT

158
 LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE
AND TO COVER THESE
SITUATIONS LONG MESSAGE
PROCEDURE IS USED. A LONG
MESSAGE IS ONE THAT TAKES
MORE THAN 30SECS TO SEND.
THE 30SECS RULES IS
IMPORTANT FOR THE
FOLLOWING REASONS: 159
 LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE
 A BREAK FOR URGENT
TRAFFIC TO BE PASSED
 DEFENSE AGAINST ENEMY
DIR. FINDING
 A CHECK AGAINST
SUCCESSION ERRORS

160
LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE RULES

 A LONG MESSAGE MUST BE

OFFERED USING THE PROWORD
‘LONG MESSAGE’
 A LONG MESSAGE MUST BE SENT IN
30SECS PORTIONS
 EACH PORTION ENDS WITH ‘ROGER
SO FAR’ WITH LAST PORTION
WHICH ENDS WITH ‘OVER’ 161
LONG MESSAGE PROCEDURE RULES
 RECEIVING STATIONS REPLY
TO ‘ROGER SO FAR’ WITH
‘ROGER OVER’
 THE TX STA LEAVES A 5SEC
PAUSE BTN PORTIONS OF THE
MSG TO ALLOW FOR
INTERRUPTIONS
162
 TRANSMISSION EXAMPLE
CON : HULLO 2 AND 3 THIS Ø LONG
MESSAGE OVER
2 : 2 SEND OVER
3 : 3 SEND OVER
CON : Ø TANKS ADVANCING FROM
WOOD GRID SIX SEVEN FOUR TWO
SUPPORTED BY INFANTRY MORTAR
FIRING ON BUILDINGS GRID SIX EIGHT
ONE FOUR TWO THREE WITH SMOKE
ROGER SO FAR OVER 163
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
READ BACK PROCEDURE IS USED;
a.WHEN THE SENDING STATION
WISHES TO ENSURE THAT HIS
MESSAGE HAS BEEN RECEIVED
CORRECTLY. IN ORDER TO WARN
STATIONS THAT THEY MUST RECORD
THE MESSAGE TO BE READ BACK, AN
OFFER IS MADE USING THE
PROWORD ‘READ BACK MESSAGE’.
164
 READ BACK PROCEDURE

a. THE RECEIVING STATION

WISHES TO MAKE SURE
THAT HE HAS RECEIVED
THE MESSAGE CORRECTLY.

165
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
WHEN THE MESSAGE TO BE READ
BACK IS SENT, THE PROWORD READ
BACK IS INCLUDED AT THE END OF
THE MESSAGE. WHEN THE MESSAGE
IS TRANSMITTED TO MORE THAN
ONE STATION, THE SENDER
NOMINATES A STATION TO READ
BACK AND INCLUDES THAT
STATION’S CALL SIGN BEFORE THE
PROWORD READ BACK. 166
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
WHERE THE STATION
NOMINATED TO READ BACK
IS NOT THE SENIOR
SUBSTATION, IT IS TO BE THE
FIRST SUBSTATION TO
ANSWER. THE REMAINING
SUBSTATIONS ANSWER IN
ORDER. 167
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
HERE’S AN EXAMPLE;
CON : HULLO ALL STATIONS
THIS IS ZERO READ BACK
MESSAGE OVER
1 : 1 SEND OVER
2 : 2 SEND OVER
3 : 3 SEND OVER 168
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
CON : ZERO SUNRAY IS
DELAYED AT GRID ALPHA MIKE
VICTOR CHARLIE. HE WILL
NOT MEET SUNRAY ADDRESS
GROUP YANKEE VICTOR OSCAR
UNTIL THIRTEEN HUNDRED
HOURS. 2 READ BACK OVER
169
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
2 : 2 SUNRAY IS DELAYED AT
GRID ALPHA VICTOR MIKE
CHARLIE. HE WILL NOT MEET
SUNRAY ADDRESS GROUP
YANKEE VICTOR OSCAR
UNTIL THIRTEEN HUNDRED
HOURS OVER.
170
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
CON : ZERO WRONG GRID
ALPHA MIKE VICTOR CHARLIE
OVER
2 : 2 GRID ALPHA MIKE VICTOR
CHARLIE OVER
CON : ZERO CORRECT OVER
2 : 2 ROGER OUT
1 : 1 ROGER OUT 171
 READ BACK PROCEDURE
3 : 3 SAY AGAIN WORD BEFORE
THIRTEEN OVER
CON : ZERO UNTIL THIRTEEN
OVER
3 : 3 ROGER OUT
4 : 4 ROGER OUT
172
 CLOSING DOWN
CLOSING DOWN IS THE END TO
TRANSMISSION ON A RADIO
NET. NO STATION IS TO CLOSE
DOWN WITHOUT THE PRIOR
PERMISSION OF CONTROL.
CARE MUST BE TAKEN BY
CONTROL STATIONS NEVER TO
CLOSE DOWN A NET OR AN
INDIVIDUAL SUBSTATION. 173
 CLOSING DOWN
WITHOUT BEING COMPLETELY
SATISFIED THAT SUBSTATIONS
KNOW OR WILL KNOW THE TIME
AND FREQUENCY OF OPENING UP
AGAIN. THE NECESSARY ORDERS
MUST BE GIVEN BY THE MOST
SECURE MEANS AVAILABLE AND
WHEREVER POSSIBLE NOT BY
RADIO. 174
 CLOSING DOWN
IN AN EMERGENCY THE ORDERS MAY
HAVE TO BE SENT OVER THE RADIO IN
SLIDEX BEFORE THE NET CLOSES DOWN.
WHEN IT IS ESSENTIAL TO ORDER A
CLOSE DOWN AND CONTROL HAS
SATISFIED HIMSELF REGARDING
ARRANGEMENTS FOR OPENING AGAIN,

175
 CLOSING DOWN
HE ORDERS THE NET OR A
SUBSTATION TO CLOSE DOWN USING
A NICKNAME AS FOLLOWS;

176
 CLOSING DOWN
CON : HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS ØA
HOT BAY OVER
1 : 1 AUTHENTICATE 56 OVER
CON : ØA I AUTHENTICATE 72 OVER
1 : 1 CORRECT HOT BAY OVER
2 : 2 HOT BAY OVER
3 : 3 HOT BAY OVER

177
 CLOSING DOWN
WHEN A STATION REQUIRES TO CLOSE
DOWN FOR TECHNICAL OR TEMPORARY
REASONS, E.G. CHANGING BATTERIES,
PERMISSION IS REQUESTED FROM
CONTROL AND INSTRUCTIONS ARE GIVEN
IN CLEAR.

178
ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNICATION
ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNICATION IS IN THREE
PHASES;
 PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
 TUNING OF SETS
 REPORT OF SIGNALS
 PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
THESE ARE INITIAL INSTRUCTIONS THAT COMES WAY AHEAD OF
ANY OPERATIONS TO BE CONDUCTED. THE CONTENT OF THE
PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS;(DFCCANT)
DIAGRAM- NET DIAGRAMS SHOWING STATIONS AND SETS IN USE
FREQUENCIES AND CHANNELS ASSIGNED TO THE NET
CALL SIGNS AND COLLECTIVE CALLS
CODES; PLAYFAIR, SLIDEX, GRIDDLE, AUTHENTICATION
ADDRESS GROUPS AND NIS
NICKNAMES, NICKNUMBERS AND CODEWORDS
TIMINGS, THE TIME THE NET IS TO OPEN AND CLOSE
REPORT OF SIGNALS
REPORT OF SIGNALS IS BASICALLY TELLING
HOW GOOD OR BAD YOUR SIGNALS ARE AFTER
SETTING UP YOUR COMMUNICATING
EQUIPMENT. THE PURPOSE OF REPORT OF
SIGNALS IS TO ASCERTAIN WORKING
CONDITIONS(GOOD, SATISFACTORY, POOR ETC)
OF AN ESTABLISHED NET.
AS SOON AS THE STATIONS FINISH SETTING UP,
CONTROL STATION CALLS THE SUB STATIONS TO
SEE IF HIS TRANSMISSIONS ARE BEING HEARD
OR RECEIVED. THE PROWORD ‘RADIO CHECK’ IS
USED.
 SUB- STATIONS ANSWER THE CALL IN TURN, GIVING THEIR
REPORT OF READABILITY OF CONTROLS SIGNALS AS
FOLLOWS;
 OK (√) NOTHING HEARD (NH)
 DIFFICULT (DIF) SCREENING (SCR)
 UNWORKABLE (UW) INTERFERENCE (X)
 DISTORTED (DIS)
 INTERMITTENT (IM)
REPORT OF SIGNALS
CONTROL MAY WISH TO KNOW HOW THE SUB-
STATIONS ARE HEARING EACH OTHER. IF HE
REQUIRES THIS INFORMATION, HE NORMALLY ASKS
FOR IT IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE LAST SUB- STATION
HAS REPORTED HIS READABILITY OF CONTROLS
SIGNALS. THE PROWORD USED IS ‘SIGNAL
STRENGTH’.
SATISFACTORY WORKING CONDITION
CON: HULLO ALL STATIONS PA THIS IS ZERO RADIO CHECK OVER
1 : 1 OK OVER
2 : 2 OK OVER
3 : 3 OK OVER
4 : 4 OK OVER
CON: ZERO OK SIGNAL STRENGTH OVER

1 : 1 OK OUT
2 : 2 OK OUT
3 : 3 OK OUT
4 : 4 OK OUT
 SSR CHART
STATION: CONTROL
REPORT: NO. 1
DTO:
FREQ:

CON 1 2 3 4

CON
√ √ √ √
1
√ √ √ √
2
√ √ √ √
3
√ √ √ √
4
√ √ √ √
UNSATISFACTORY WORKING CONDITION

SINCE EVEN THE BEST RADIO

COMMUNICATION MAY SUFFER FROM
INTERFERENCE OR MAY EXPERIENCE
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS SOMETIMES,
THERE’S THE POSSIBILITY THAT IT’S NOT
EVERYTHING YOU SEND DURING THIS TIME
THAT CAN BE HEARD.
CONTROL STATIONS SIGNALS MAY NOT BE
HEARD BY ALL THE SUB- STATIONS AND VICE
VERSA. THERE’S ALSO THE LIKELIHOOD
THAT SOME OF THE SUB- STATIONS MAY NOT
HEAR FROM EACH OTHER
CON: HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS 0A RADIO CHECK
OVER
1 : 1 OK OVER
2 : 2 OK OVER
3 : 3 DIF OVER
4 : 4 OK OVER
CONTROL : 03 DIF SIGNAL STRENGTH OVER
1 : 1 OK OUT
2 : 2 4 DIF OUT
3 : 3 4 DIF OUT
4 : 4 OK OUT
SIGNAL STRENGTH REPORT
OPERATORS ARE TO KEEP THE SIGNAL REPORT
SHEET
THE REPORT PROVIDES A QUICK AND EASY
REFERENCE TO THE STATE OF COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN ALL STATIONS.
THE HORIZONTAL ROWS GIVE THE STRENGTH OF
SIGNAL WHICH THE STN NAMED IN THE LEFT
COLUMN REPORT HEARING FROM THE OTHER STNS
ON THE NET.EXAMPLE ,IN THE REPORT SHOWN
BELOW CALL SIGN 2 HEARS CONTROL AND
CALLSIGN 1 AND 3 SATISFACTORILY, AND CALLSIGN
4 DIFFICULT.
 SSR CHART
STATION: CONTROL
REPORT: NO. 1
DTO:
FREQ:

CON 1 2 3 4

CON
√ √ DIF √
1
√ √ √ √

2
√ √ √ DIF

3
√ √
DIF DIF
 ELECTRONIC, RADIO AND EMERGENCY SILENCE

Electronic Silence:
a. Orders for the imposition of electronic silence will be issued in advance by secure means, and
no connected executive order is to be passed in the clear, or by codeword, over radio.
b. The orders which impose electronic silence will also detail the circumstances in which, and by
whom it may be lifted or broken as well as the procedure for lifting or breaking. This will
normally include the use of codewords and/or transmission authentication.
c. All stations must be on their guard against attempts by the enemy to induce a break of
electronic silence by false messages. On no account is silence to be broken to request
authentication of a station which transmits during electronic silence if that station has not
given the proper codeword or self-authentication for lifting silence or an emergency break.
Radio Silence:
a. Radio silence may be imposed or lifted by the control station on the net, or nets, for
which it is responsible.
b. Radio silence may be predetermined or may occur in an emergency. When
predetermined, instructions for imposing, lifting, or breaking radio silence are to be
passed by any secure means available. Emergency silence is described in para. 677
c. Radio silence is to be imposed in accordance with the instructions given. This will
normally be by the use of codewords, nicknames, or other predetermined designator.
Lifting or breaking radio silence may be achieved in the same way, or by the use of
transmission or self-authentication.
 ELECTRONIC SILENCE
ELECTRONIC SILENCE IS THE
PERIOD WHERE THE USE OF
ALL EQUIPMENT WHICH
EMIT ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION (RADIO, RADAR,
VEHICLES, MISSILES ETC.)
ARE SUSPENDED.
197
 IMPOSING ELECTRONIC
SILENCE
THE ORDERS TO IMPOSE,
BREAK OR LIFT RADIO /
ELECTRONIC SILENCE ARE
NORMALLY ISSUED BY
HIGHER FORMATION HQ
AND IT INCLUDES;
198
IMPOSING ELECTRONIC SILENCE
1. THE EXTENT OF THE COVERAGE
2. THE TIME OF IMPOSITION
3. CODE WORDS FOR LIFTING AND
EMERGENCY BREAKING
4. CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH, AND BY
WHOM IT MAY BE LIFTED OR
BROKEN
5. WHETHER LIFTING OR BREAKING IS
TO BE PROGRESSIVE OR TOTAL. 199
IMPOSING ELECTRONIC SILENCE

ALL THESE ORDERS AND

INSTRUCTIONS ARE DISTRIBUTED
BY SECURE MEANS (DR, RUNNER,
LINE) IN ADVANCE AND NO
EXECUTIVE ORDER IN
CONNECTION WITH THE
IMPOSITION OF ELECTRONIC
SILENCE IS TO BE PASSED BY CODE
WORD IN CLEAR OVER THE RADIO. 200
LIFTING ELECTRONIC SILENCE

CODE WORDS MAY HOWEVER

BE USED IN CLEAR OVER THE
RADIO FOR LIFTING OR
EMERGENCY BREAKING OF
ELECTRONIC SILENCE. THE
CODE WORDS ARE FOR ONE-
TIME USED ONLY.
201
 LIFTING ELECTRONIC SILENCE

WHEN ELECTRONIC SILENCE IS

LIFTED, IT IS EITHER ON A TIME
BASIS OR AN EVENT COUPLED
WITH A CODE WORD, IF
AUTHORIZED BY A HIGHER
FORMATION AND IS ALWAYS
LIFTED BY CONTROL STATION
ONLY. 202
 LIFTING ELECTRONIC SILENCE

CON: HULLO ALL STNS THIS

Ø DAZZLE OVER
1 : 1 ROGER OUT
2 : 2 ROGER OUT

203
 BREAKING ELECTRONIC SILENCE

ANY STATION MAY BREAK

ELECTRONIC SILENCE BY
USING THE CODE WORD ON
SOME SPECIAL EVENT
HAPPENING. FOR EXAMPLE

204
 EXAMPLE
SUBSTATION 21 HAS AUTHORITY
AND GOOD REASON WITHIN THE
CONDITIONS PREVIOUSLY ORDERED
TO BREAK ELECTRONIC SILENCE.

21 : HULLO 2 THIS IS 21 BINGO

ENEMY TANKS BREAKING THROUGH
ON MY RIGHT OVER
2 : 2 ROGER OUT 205
 ELECTRONIC SILENCE
ALL STATIONS MUST BE ON THEIR
GUARD AGAINST ATTEMPTS BY AN
ENEMY STATION TO INDUCE A BREAK
OF ELECTRONIC SILENCE BY FALSE
MESSAGES. ON NO ACCOUNT IS
SILENCE TO BE BROKEN TO
AUTHENTICATE A STATION WHICH
TRANSMITS DURING ELECTRONIC
SILENCE, IF IT HAS NOT GIVEN THE
206
PROPER CODE WORD FOR AN
BREAKING ELECTRONIC SILENCE

FINALLY, DURING ELECTRONIC

SILENCE RADIO COMMUNICATION
EQUIPMENT UNLESS OTHERWISE
ORDERED NORMALLY REMAINS
ON LISTENING WATCH IE WITH
RECEIVERS SWITCHED ON AND
MANNED BUT TRANSMITTERS
INOPERATIVE.
207
 RADIO SILENCE
RADIO SILENCE IS THE PERIOD OR
TIME DURING WHICH RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS OR
TRANSMISSIONS ARE SUSPENDED.
DURING THIS TIME TRANSMITTERS
ARE SWITCHED OFF AND
RECEIVERS MAY OR MAY NOT BE
SWITCHED OFF ACCORDING TO
THE ORDERS ISSUED. 208
 RADIO SILENCE
RADIO SILENCE APPLIES TO RADIO
COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
ONLY. APART FROM WHEN IMPOSED
UNDER GENERAL ELECTRONIC
SILENCE, ANY COMMANDER AT ANY
TIME MAY IMPOSE RADIO SILENCE
ON THE NET OR NETS FOR WHICH
HE IS RESPONSIBLE, FOR
TECHNICAL OR TACTICAL REASONS.
209
 RADIO SILENCE

RADIO SILENCE IS USED FOR THE

SAME REASONS AS ELECTRONIC
SILENCE BUT INVOLVES RADIOS
ONLY AND PROVIDES LOW
GRADE SECURITY. IT CAN BE
USED AT UNIT OR SUB UNIT
LEVELS AND ALL RADIOS MUST
REMAIN ON LISTENING WATCH. 210
 RADIO SILENCE
ALL TRANSMISSIONS IMPOSING,
LIFTING OR BREAKING RADIO SILENCE
ARE TO BE AUTHENTICATED. ON
FORMATION NETS AUTHENTICATION IS
BY THE NORMAL SYSTEM IN USE. AT
THE UNIT LEVEL NICKNAMES ARE USED
TO BREAK RADIO SILENCE AND THE
BREAKING TRANSMISSION IS TO BE
AUTHENTICATED USING THE UNIT
AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM. 211
 IMPOSING RADIO SILENCE
RADIO SILENCE SHOULD BE
IMPOSED BY SECURE MEANS,
E.G. DR, RUNNER, ETC. BUT
CAN BE DONE ON THE RADIO
BY USING A NICKNAME
COUPLED WITH
AUTHENTICATION. 212
 IMPOSING RADIO SILENCE
CON: HULLO ALL STNS THIS
IS Ø HUGE FOG I
AUTHENTICATE 56 43 OVER
1 : 1 CORRECT HUGE FOG
OVER

213
 TX EXAMPLES
CON : HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS
IS 0A TOP BAT OVER
1 : 1 AUTHENTICATE 35 OVER
CON : 0A I AUTHENTICATE 19 OVER
1 : 1 CORRECT TOP BAT OVER
2 : 2 TOP BAT OVER
3 : 3 TOP BAT OVER
CON : 0A TOP BAT OUT 214
 LIFTING RADIO SILENCE
RADIO SILENCE CAN BE LIFTED
ON A PURELY TIME BASIS BUT
IF LIFTED BY RADIO, IT MUST
BE DONE BY MEANS OF A
NICKNAME COUPLED WITH
AUTHENTICATION.

215
 BREAKING RADIO SILENCE
RADIO SILENCE MAY BE
BROKEN BY A SUB UNIT
USING A NICKNAME
COUPLED WITH
AUTHENTICATION.

216
 BREAKING RADIO SILENCE
ØA 4
Hullo Ø this 4 BLIND
DATE over
Ø AUTHENTICATE
63 over
4 I AUTHENTCATE
44 three enemy tanks
seen entering wood out

217
 COMPARISON OF ELECTRONIC
SILENCE WITH RADIO SILENCE
ELECTRONIC SILENCE RADIO SILENCE

 FORMATION  UNIT OR SUB UNIT

LEVEL
LEVEL
 CODE WORD  NICKNAME
 HIGH SECURITY  LOW SECURITY
 ALL EQUIPMENT  RADIO ONLY

218
 NODUF
 
IN PEACE TIME EXERCISES, THOSE MESSAGES WHICH
WOULD NOT BE SENT IN WAR (EG UMPIRE MESSAGES,
CERTAIN ADMINISTRATIVE AND AMENITY MESSAGES) ARE
TO BE TRANSMITTED USING NODUF PROCEDURE. NODUF
(WHICH MEANS LITERALLY NO DIRECTION FINDING)
INDICATES THAT THE TRANSMISSION AND CONTENTS OF
THE MESSAGE MAY NOT BE ANALYZED, OR USED IN ANY
WAY AS INTELLIGENCE (BY THE EXERCISE ENEMY)
DURING THE EXERCISE. MESSAGE WHICH FALL INTO THIS
CATEGORY ARE TO BE CLEARLY MARKED BY THE
DRAFTER AS NODUF IN THE MESSAGE INSTRUCTIONS BOX,
ON THE MESSAGE FORM.
The following rules apply to the transmission of a NODUF message:
 
a. NODUF is to be transmitted immediately after the initial call to both
the offer (when made) and actual transmission.
 
b. Unless the text immediately follows the call, NODUF is to be the first
word of the text.
 
c. NODUF is to be transmitted immediately before the end of the
transmission proword ‘Over’ or ‘Out.
 
Example 1:
 
4 : Hullo 0 this is 4 NODUF sunray is returning now NODUF over.
CON: 0 Roger out.
 
Example 2:
 
CON: Hullo all stations this is 0 NODUF message over.
1 : 1 send over
2 : 2 send over
3 : 3 send over
4 : 4 send over
9 : 9 send over
CON: 0 NODUF no further reports required until zero eight hundred hours
NODUF over.
1 : 1 Roger out.
2 : 2 Roger out.
3 : 3 Roger out.
4 : 4 Roger out
9 : 9 Roger out.
 
Message sent under cover of NODUF are still
liable to be intercepted by a potential enemy
and therefore, must carry the proper security
classification. When encryption becomes
necessary the word NODUF is not to be
encrypted.
 
DELEGATING AND ASSUMING
CONTROL
 DELEGATING AND ASSUMING CONTROL

CONTROL MAY WISH TO DELEGATE HIS RESPONSIBILITIES TO A

SUBSTATION. HE MAY OR MAY NOT TELL HIM WHY. THE PROWORD
ASSUME CONTROL IS USED;
CON : HULLO 1 THIS ZERO ASSUME CONTROL OVER
1 : 1 WILCO OUT
 SUBSTATION ASSUMING CONTROL

1 : HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS 1 AM ASSUMING CONTROL RADIO

CHECK OVER
2 : 2 OK OUT
3 : 3 OK OUT
4 : 4 OK OUT
1 : HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS 1 HAVE YOU HEARD ANYTHING FROM CALL
SIGN 0A OVER
2 : 2 NO OUT
3 : 3 NO OUT
4 : 4 NO OUT
1 : HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS 1 AM ASSUMING CONTROL OUT
 CONTROL REASSUMMING CONTROL
CON : HULLO ALL STATIONS THIS IS ZERO AM ASSUMING CONTROL I AUTHENTICATE
ONE FOUR
ZERO EIGHT PAPA MIKE RADIO CHECK OVER
1 : 1 WAIT OUT( CHECKS AUTHENTICATION & NIS)
1 : HULLO ZERO THIS IS 1 OK OVER
2 : 2 OK OVER
CON : ZERO OK OUT
 UNKNOWN STATIONS

A station may hear another station calling and although he

appreciates that the call is meant for him, he may fail to hear the
callsign of the calling station. In this event the procedure is as
follows:
Example:
Unknown Stn (1) : Moving now over.
Con : Unknown Stn this is 0
Say Again call over
1 : 0 this is 1 over.
Con : 0 Roger out
 NODUF
In peace time exercises, those messages which would not be
sent in war (EG umpire messages, certain administrative
and amenity messages) are to be transmitted using NODUF
PROCEDURE. NODUF (which means literally no direction
finding) indicates that the transmission and contents of the
message may not be analyzed, or used in any way as
intelligence (by the exercise enemy) during the exercise.
Message which fall into this category are to be clearly
marked by the drafter as Noduf in the message instructions
Box, on the message form.
The following rules apply to the transmission of a NODUF
message:
a. NODUF is to be transmitted immediately after the initial call to
both the offer (when made) and actual transmission.
b. Unless the text immediately follows the call, NODUF is to be the
first word of the text.
c. NODUF is to be transmitted immediately before the end of the
transmission proword ‘Over’ or ‘Out.
Example 1:
4 : Hullo 0 this is 4 NODUF sunray is returning now NODUF over.
CON: 0 Roger out.
Example 2:
CON: Hullo all stations this is 0 NODUF message over.
1 : 1 send over
2 : 2 send over
3 : 3 send over
4 : 4 send over
9 : 9 send over
CON: 0 NODUF no further reports required until zero eight hundred hours NODUF over.
1 : 1 Roger out.
2 : 2 Roger out.
3 : 3 Roger out.
4 : 4 Roger out
9 : 9 Roger out.
Message sent under cover of NODUF are still liable to be
intercepted by a potential enemy and therefore, must carry the
proper security classification. When encryption becomes
necessary the word NODUF is not to be encrypted.
 VERIFICATION

It often happens that is necessary to query a message some time after it has
been received. This is most frequent in the case of an ENCODED
message, or messages containing code words or figures such as grid
references.
An error may have been introduced by one of the following operations:
a. Incorrect initial data.
b. Incorrectly Encoded.
c. Incompletely or incorrectly sent.
d. Incompletely or incorrectly receive.
e. Incorrectly Decoded.
Which ever of these errors has occurred the message fails to make
sense and must be checked by all concerned in the transmission.
The process of verifying a sense of a message must not be
confused with the procedure for demanding a repetition, where
only the reception of the message is in doubt.
In carrying out the verifying process, the originator must be given
the opportunity to check that the receiving station has taken
down the message correctly. The receiving station therefore
refers to the message and uses the proword ‘VERIFY’ followed
by that portion which is not understood.
Depending upon the outcome of these checks, the
originator then uses one of following:
a. CORRECT - the message is correct in all respects.
b. WRONG - followed by a correct version of the
message, which must be sent to all the recipients of
the original transmission.
Example 1. - CORRECT
2 : Hullo 0 this is 2 grid five two six onearmoured vehicles moving west along
road over.
CON: 0 Roger out.
(control finds on checking position of Tanks it does not make sense).
CON: Hullo 2 this is 0 reference report on tanks ‘verify’ grid five two six one
over.
2 : 2 wait out.
(Callsign 2 checks the grid and finds it correct).
2 : Hullo 0 this is 2 reference report of tanks correct over.
CON: 0 roger out.
Example 2 - INCORRECTLY READ GRID REFERENCE
Con: Hullo 2 and 3 this is 0 enemy movement at grid five five four seven two nine over.
2 : 2 Roger out
3 : 3 Roger out
(Callsign 3 finds on checking tht grid reference does not make sense).
3 : Hollo 0 this is 3 reference enemy movement ‘VERIFY’ grid five five four seven two nine over.
CON: 0 Wait out.
(Control checks grid reference and finds it incorrect).
CON: Hullo 2 and 3 this is 0 reference enemy movement “WRONG’ grid seven two nine five five four over.
2 : 2 Roger out.
3 : 3 Roger out.
Example 3 - SLIDEX MESSAGE
CON : Hullo 2 this is 0 slidex message over.
2: 2 send over.
CON : 0 Slidex figures two four bravo mike Lima
31
Sierra Tango Oscar Papa Tango Romeo Bravo over.
2 : 2 wait out.
(C/S 2 finds out that it does not make sense)
2 : Hullo 0 this is 2 reference slidex figures two four ‘VERIFY’ Lima Sierra Tango
Oscar over.
CON : 0 Wait out.
(Control then takes the necessary action.
Depending whether the bigram is correct or not) RESTRICTED
Note: If only one slidex bigram is in doubt, it is necessary to include one of the
adjacent (correct) bigrams or plain language, as a reference
CANCELLATIONS
If the sender wishes to cancel a message before he has finished sending it,
he uses the proword ‘CANCEL’.
Example:
2: Hullo 0 this is 2 grid five two six nine tanks moving along ‘Cancel’ out.
If he wishes to cancel a message sent some time previously he makes clear
reference to the transmission indicated, it is NOT sufficient to say
‘cancel my last transmission’. The reasons for cancellation are never to
be given.
Example:
2: Hullo 0 this is 2 reference two tanks report ‘Cancel’
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is often necessary to ensure that information passing

between two stations is brought to the attention of other
stations on the same net. This is done by using the proword
‘ACKNOWLEDGE’ in the case of immediate transmission,
or ‘ACKNOWLEDGE’ followed by an identification of a
message sent previously.
Example 1: Immediate Acknowledgement
2: Hullo 0 this is 2 bridge blown no sign of enemy over.
CON: 0 Roger out to you.
CON: Hullo 1 and 3 this is 0 ‘acknowledge’ over.
1 : 1 Roger out.
3 : 3 No over (in this instance ‘No” is the reply indicating that he did not get C/S 2’s
message)
CON: 0 ‘Callsign 2 reports’ bridge blown no sign of enemy over.
3 : 3 Roger out.
Example 2: Delayed acknowledgement

2: Hullo 0 this is 2 bridge blown no signs of enemy over.

CON: 0 Roger out.
(later)
CON: Hullo 3 this is 0 acknowledge bridge report from callsign 2 over.
3 : 3 Roger out OR No over
CON: 0 callsign 2 Reports Bridge blown no sign of enemy seen.
3: 3 Roger out
The proword ‘Acknowledge’ may also be used to check that a message has been
received, when there is no immediate reply from the receiving station.
2 : Hullo 0 this is 2 enemy tanks in wood to my front over.(no reply).
2 : Hullo 0 this is 2 ‘acknowledge’ over.
CON: 0 Roger out.