Engine Lubrication And Cooling System
Lubrication System
Camshaft timing oil control valve
Description
Main oil gallery
Oil return hole
Oil pressure switch
Oil filter Oil strainer
Oil pump
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Lubrication System
Oil flow circuit for 1NZ-FE engine Main oil gallery
Description
Crankshaft journal Oil filter Connecting rod Oil cooler Oil jet
Oil jet
Chain tensioner Camshaft timing oil control valve filter
Cylinder head
Timing chain
Intake camshaft journal
Exhaust camshaft journal
Camshaft timing oil control valve Piston Oil pump
VVT-i controller
Oil strainer
Oil pan The oil cooler, outlined with a dotted line, basically is not used on the 1NZ-FE engine. Here is listed to understand the position of the oil cooler in the flow.
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Functions Of Lubricating Oil
Engine Lubricating oil performs the following functions:
Minimizes wear Reduces friction and power loss Removes heat Reduces engine noise Forms a seal Cleans
Lubrication System
Drive roter
Oil Pump
Driven roter
Relief valve
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Gear Pump
Crescent Pump
Rotor Pump
Lubrication Of Cylinder
When a hole in the connecting rod aligns with a hole in the crankpin, oil is sprayed onto the cylinder wall to lubricate the piston and rings.
Oil Coolers
Oil coolers are heat exchangers, in which heat in the oil is transferred either to the engine coolant or to the atmosphere. There are two designs of oil coolers:
1.
Oil-to-Coolant Oil Coolers
Oil and coolant flow through this type of cooler the two being separated by tubes or baffles of some type. Oil through the oil gallery passes through the oil cooler before it enters the filter, so that oil leaving the filter has been both cooled and filtered. The cooler has external connections for the coolant hoses that connect it to engines cooling system.
2.
Oil-to-Air Oil Coolers
This type of oil cooler is similar to a radiator in that it has tubes and fins. Oil from the lubrication system is circulated through the cooler, and air is directed across the tubes and fins. In this way, heat is removed from the oil and is temperature is reduced. The cooler is located in the engine compartment where it will get an adequate flow of air, usually near the radiator.
Motor Oil Viscosity Grades
When you see a W on a viscosity rating it means that this oil viscosity has been tested at a Colder temperature. The numbers without the W are all tested at 210 F or 100 C which is considered an approximation of engine operating temperature. The difference is when the viscosity is tested at a much colder temperature. For example, a 5W-30 motor oil performs like a SAE 5 motor oil would perform at the cold temperature specified, but still has the SAE 30 viscosity at 210 F (100 C) which is engine operating temperature. This allows the engine to get quick oil flow when it is started cold verses dry running until lubricant either warms up sufficiently or is finally forced through the engine oil system. The advantages of a low W viscosity number is obvious. The quicker the oil flows cold, the less dry running. Less dry running means much less engine wear.
Motor Oil Viscosity Grades
This allows the engine to get quick oil flow when it is started cold verses dry running until lubricant either warms up sufficiently or is finally forced through the engine oil system. The advantages of a low W viscosity number is obvious. The quicker the oil flows cold, the less dry running. Less dry running means much less engine wear. The SAE viscosity rating was based on how quickly a specific quantity of motor oil flowed through a test orifice when heated to operating temperature (100 C or 212 F). Any oil that took from 5 to 14 seconds to flow would be SAE 10. Oil that would take 15 to 24 seconds would be labeled as SAE 20. Oil that took 25 to 34 seconds would be SAE 30. And so on until SAE 50.
Lubrication System
Check valve
Oil Filter
Element
Relief valve
Oil flow (in) Oil flow (out) Oil flow if the relief valve open
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Lubrication System
1.When the oil pressure is low [19.6 4.9 kPa (0.2 0.05 kgf/cm2) or lower]/ 2.When the oil pressure is high [19.6 4.9 kPa (0.2 0.05 kgf/cm2) or higher]
Oil pressure warning lamp
Oil Pressure Warning Lamp
Warning lamp
Oil pressure switch
Oil pressure (Normal) Low engine oil level warning lamp
ECU Warning lamp Oil level (Normal) Oil temp. switch Oil level sensor
Oil Oil pan
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Lubrication System
1.When the oil pressure is low [19.6 4.9 kPa (0.2 0.05 kgf/cm2) or lower]/ 2.When the oil pressure is high [19.6 4.9 kPa (0.2 0.05 kgf/cm2) or higher]
Oil pressure warning lamp
Oil Pressure Warning Lamp
Warning lamp
Oil pressure switch
Oil pressure (Low) Low engine oil level warning lamp
ECU Warning lamp Oil level (Low) Oil temp. switch Oil level sensor
Oil Oil pan
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Lubrication System
Water bypass hose Oil cooler Oil filter
Oil Cooler
Engine coolant
Oil cooler Oil filter
From Oil pump
to Main oil gallery
Relief valve
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Lubrication System
Oil Consumption
PCV valve
The gap between the cylinder and the piston The gap between the valve guide bushing and valve stem Loss due to oil contained in blow-by gas
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Cooling System
Main parts of the basic cooling system are
Radiator Water Pump Water Jackets Radiator Hoses Thermostat Fan Coolant
Cooling System
Cooling System
Cooling System
to Radiator from Heater core
to Heater core to Throttle body
from Radiator
Bypass passage
Cylinder head
Water pump Heater core
Thermostat Cylinder block Radiator Throttle body
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Mechanisms For Heat Transfer
Heat is transferred by means of Conduction Convection Radiation
Types of Radiators
There are two types of radiators Cross flow radiators Vertical flow radiators
Vertical Flow Radiator
Radiators first used downward vertical flow, driven solely by a thermosyphon effect. Coolant is heated in the engine, becoming less dense and so rising, cooled, denser coolant in the radiator falling in turn. This effect is sufficient for low-power stationary engines, but inadequate for all but the earliest automobiles. A common fallacy is to assume that a greater vertical separation between engine and radiator can increase the thermosyphon effect. Once the hot and cold headers are separated sufficiently to reach their equilibrium temperatures though, any further separation merely increases pipe work length and flow restriction.
Vertical Flow Radiator
Cross Flow Radiator
A cross flow radiator has a tank at each side. They are radiators that have been turned on their side to reduce the overall height. The coolant flows horizontally.
Working of Radiator
Typical Automotive Radiators are forced air-cooled cross-flow heat exchangers. At the hot side, the hot coolant is forced to flow downwards through the vertical tubes or from one side of the radiator core to another through the horizontal tubes. At the cold fluid side, atmospheric air is forced to flow across the fined tubes to remove the heat from the coolant.
Working of Radiator
Cooling System
1.Thermostat in water inlet type (With bypass valve)
Flow of Engine Coolant
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Cooling System
With bypass valve Without bypass valve
Thermostat
Main valve
Jiggle valve Main valve Jiggle valve
Cylinder Wax Bypass valve Cylinder Wax
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Cooling System
V-ribbed belt Bearing Mechanical seal Cylinder block
Water Pump
Swirl chamber
Rotor
Water pump pully
Water drain hole
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Cooling System
1.Outline
Electric Motor-driven Cooling Fan
Cooling fan
Water temperature switch Fan motor
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Cooling System
2.Operation
Electric Motor-driven Cooling Fan
Ignition switch
Fan relay
Coolant temp. switch
Coolant temperature
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Cooling System
1.Overview
Temperature-controlled Fluid Coupling
Pulley Fluid coupling Cooling fan Air hot Bimetal spring Bimetal plate Silicone oil Front operating chamber Rear operating chamber Air warm Air cold
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Cooling System
2.Operation
Without coupling Fan speed
Temperature-controlled Fluid Coupling
Air hot
Air warm Air cold
Fluid coupling shaft speed
Air Temperature (HOT) during low speed driving Air temperature (HOT) during high speed driving Air temperature (WARM) during high speed driving Air temperature (COLD) during high speed driving
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Cooling System
Solenoid valve Hydraulic motor Oil cooler
Electronically Controlled Hydraulic Cooling Fan System
ECU
Hydraulic pump
Reservoir Water pump. sensor signal, Air conditioner signal, Engine speed signal
Cooling fan Condenser Radiator
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