NCM 112 CELLULAR ABERRATION
Thyroid
Cancer
PEPITO, KRISTEL JOY S.
PAPURAN, TRIXIE
ROMINES, CARMEILLE
TABOGOC, POWELL JAMES
TURLA, MA. ROSFE
Table of contents
01 INTRODUCTION NURSING
03 MANAGEMENT
02 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MEDICAL/SURGICAL
04 MANAGEMENT
01
INTRODUCTION
Thyroid is a gland
Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that
begins in the thyroid gland, which is part
of the endocrine system that regulates
hormones in the body. The thyroid gland
absorbs iodine from the bloodstream to
produce thyroid hormones that regulate the
body's metabolism. When healthy cells in
the thyroid change and grow out of control,
they form a mass called a tumor, which
can be felt as a lump in the neck.
Types of Thyroid Cancer
Papillary Thyroid Cancer Medullary Thyroid Cancer
It develops in the C cells and is
This is the most common type,
sometimes the result of a genetic
accounting for up to 80% of all
syndrome called multiple endocrine
thyroid cancers. It develops from neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). This tumor
follicular cells and usually grows has very little, if any, similarity to
slowly. normal thyroid tissue. MTC can often
be controlled if it is diagnosed and
treated before it spreads to other parts
Follicular Thyroid Cancer of the body.
This cancer also forms in the follicular
cells of the thyroid gland and tends to Anaplastic Cancer
form in only one side of the thyroid This is a very rare type of cancer that
gland and grow slowly. It may spread tends to grow and spread quickly and is
to lymph nodes in the neck. hard to treat.
Screening Test and Diagnostic Exam
Thyroid Cancer
STAGE I
This stage describes any
small tumor (T1) with no
spread to lymph nodes
(NO) and no metastasis
(MO).
STAGE II
This stage describes a
larger, noninvasive
tumor (T2) with no
spread to lymph nodes
(NO) and no metastasis
(MO).
STAGE III
This stage describes a tumor larger
than 4 cm but still contained in the
thyroid (T3) with no spread to
lymph nodes (NO) and no
metastasis (MO). Or, any localized
tumor (T1, T2, or T3) with spread
to the central compartment of
lymph nodes (N1a) but no distant
spread (MO).
STAGE IV
This stage describes all
tumors (any T, any N)
when there is evidence of
metastasis (M1).
Predisposing and Etiological Factors
1. Radiation exposure
2. Hormonal changes
3. Faulty genes
Thyroid Cancer
Most thyroid cancers are asymptomatic, but some can cause
symptoms such as pain, difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph
nodes, and voice changes. If you have an enlarged thyroid nodule or
other signs of thyroid cancer, your healthcare provider may order one
or more tests to diagnose it, such as a physical exam, biopsy, or
imaging study. Treatments for thyroid cancer depend on the tumor
size and whether the cancer has spread and may include surgery,
radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation therapy, and
chemotherapy.
Diagnostic Exam
Thyroid Cancer
Screening Test and Diagnostic Examination
Screening for Diagnostic exam
Thyroid Cancer
1. Thyroid ultrasound
1. Neck palpation 2. Thyroid function test
during physical 3. Thyroglobulin test
examination 4. Fine needle aspiration
biopsy “gold standard”
2. Ultrasound
Pathophysiology of Thyroid
Cancer
Nursing Management
1. Prepare the patient for thyroidectomy surgery, ensuring proper informed
consent and preoperative assessments.
2. Monitor the patient’s vital signs and condition during and after the surgery.
3. Administer prescribed medications, such as antibiotics or pain relievers, as
directed
4. Assess and manage the patient’s pain and discomfort postoperatively.
5. Monitor the patient for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or
infection.
6. Provide wound care and dressing changes as required.
7. Educate the patient on postoperative care, including activity restrictions and
dietary modifications.
Medical Management
1. Surgery:
- Lobectomy
- Thyroidectomy
- Removal of any nearby lymph nodes where
cancer cells have spread.
2. Radioiodine Therapy But it’s important to know that after
3. Radiation Therapy thyroid surgery or treatments, your body
- External Radiation Therapy still needs thyroid hormones to function.
- Internal Radiation Therapy You’ll need thyroid replacement hormone
therapy for life.
(Brachytherapy)
4. Chemotherapy Synthetic thyroid hormones: -
5. Hormone Therapy levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Thank
you!!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics &
images by Freepik
