Fire Safety

By:
Nazam Javed
MBA (Disaster & Risk Management)
Master Trainer
 Contents
• Phases of Fire
• Spread of Fire
• Classification of Fire
• Extinguishing fire
• Firefighting Equipment
• Emergency Response Plan
 DEFINITION

Fire is a chemical reaction between

fuel and oxygen at a suitable
temperature. Gives us heat, light and
energy
 PHASES OF FIRE
• There are four phases of fire according to its
magnitude and development.

• Ignition phase
• Growth phase
• Fully developed phase
• Decay phase
 Spread of Heat

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
Spread of Heat
 Spread of Heat
• Radiation
• It is neither conduction nor convection.
These are heated rays emanating from
the hot object.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE

SOLIDS: Wood, Paper, Cloth,

etc.

LIQUIDS & GASES: Oils ,Paints,

Natural gas, LPG, etc

C Energized: Electrical Appliances

9
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE

METALS: like magnesium,

Aluminum etc.

K KITCHEN: like Oil, Stove, Handles,

Cloths etc.
10
HOW TO EXTINGUISH FIRE
BREAK THIS CHAIN REACTION

Cooling

ion
ing

va t
r
he

r
Sta
ot
Sm

11
 Fire Equipment/ Appliances

• Basic firefighting equipment

• Fixed firefighting equipment
Basic Firefighting Appliances

These are portable appliances, installed on

different locations in a building for immediate
first response to small fires.
Basic Firefighting Appliances
These include
• Fire Extinguishers
• portable, user friendly, economical, effective for
various classes of fire at small level.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fire extinguishers apply an extinguishing agent that
will either cool burning fuel, displace or remove
oxygen, or stop the chemical reaction so a fire
cannot continue to burn.

Stored Pressure Type Cartridge Type

15
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

A well kept and

appropriate Fire
Extinguisher
beyond any doubt,
is better then two
Fire Trucks on the
way

16
 Fire Extinguishers

Water For
Class A Fires

17
 Fire Extinguishers
Foam
For
Class A & B Fires

18
 Fire Extinguishers
DRY CHEMICAL
POWDER
For
Ordinary BC
Multipurpose ABC
Dry Powder D

19
Fire Extinguishers

CO2 For
Class BC
Fires
20
 Fire Extinguishers
WET CHEMICAL

For

K Class

21
 How to use a Fire
Extinguisher?
P A S S
Pull the Pin
Aim the Nozzle at Fire
Squeeze the Lever
Sweep 22
Basic Firefighting Appliances
These include

• Fire Buckets
portable, user friendly, economical
Basic Firefighting Appliances
These include
• Fire Blanket
• Easy to use, controls fire by smothering action,
can be used to suppress and control fire of a
burning person or any other fuel.

• Gas / Smoke Mask

• Used for emergency evacuation as respiratory protector.
Provides purified oxygen/ air.
Basic Firefighting Appliances
These include
• Emergency Escape Breathing Devices
(EEBD)
Fixed Firefighting Installations
There are three main types of fixed installations.

1. Detection System
2. Alarming/ Warning System
3. Suppression System
Fixed Firefighting Installations
1. Detection System
• The system installed to detect the fire at
initial level, detectors are of three types
1.1 Smoke Detectors
1.2 Heat Detectors
1.3 Flam Detectors
Fixed Firefighting Installations
2. Alarming/ Warning System
• There are two main types of alarming or warning
systems
2.1 Manual Warning system
2.2 Automatic Warning System
Fixed Firefighting Installations
3. Fire Suppression System
it includes;
• Fire hydrant System
• Sprinkler System
 Temperature Color of liquid
inside bulb
°C °F
57 135 Orange
68 155 Red
79 174 Yellow
93 200 Green
141 286 Blue
182 360 Mauve
227 440
260 500 Black 30
Sprinkler System

31
32
33
Operation of Sprinkler

34
35
36
37
Co2 suppression system

38
FM-200 suppression system

39
Foam Flooding

40
41
If there is a fire in your compartment
• What to do?

• What will you do first?

• Evacuate immediately
 Evacuation Plan

• Developing Evacuation Plan

• Role & Responsibilities
• Evacuation Drill

43
 Developing & Evaluating
Evacuation Plan
• Every one should knowing layout plan of the building
• Determine optimum evacuation routes. Primary & Secondary (ensure
clearance)
• Display list of emergency numbers
• Evacuation plan for each floor
• Exit away from rooms With Hazardous Materials / Store room
• No emergency exits into narrow passages
• No emergency exits in restrooms / staff room

44
 Developing & Evaluating
Evacuation Plan
• Emergency Evacuation / Exit Signs
• Exit Signs Indicating the Nearest Emergency Exit
• Information to everyone.
• Alarm in place.
• Fire extinguisher’s locations & Use?
• Clearly marked Assembly area
• No. of Assembly areas
• Evacuation to Assembly Area ( Notice)
• Safety of Assembly Area
45
 Developing & Evaluating
Evacuation Plan
• Evacuation plan at prominent places
of each floor
(Entrances – Exits of each floor)
No Use of Elevators To Reach an Emergency Exit

(Cont…)

46
 Developing & Evaluating
Evacuation Plan
• Attendance lists of employees and staff
• Record of late staff & visitors
• Headcount for all staff & visitors.
• Report of Head count to Incident
Incharge
(Cont…)

47
 Developing & Evaluating
Evacuation Plan
• Records of evacuated people.
• Arrangement for emergency care to the
injured
• Making Emergency Kit
• Availability of cellular phones.
• Contact with parents.
• Notice at entrance
(Cont…)
48
 Developing & Evaluating
Evacuation Plan
Emergency plan varies for each type of
disaster.
o Earthquake
o Fires
o Floods

49
 Roles & Responsibilities

• List of all staff members, Names,

Addresses, Phone Numbers and their
duties in Evacuation program.
• Who is Incharge of the Evacuation?
• Consideration for Back up duties
(Cont…)

50
 Roles & Responsibilities
o Who will provide first aid?
o Who will take attendance lists?
o Who will take Emergency Information of each
Employee?
o Which officer will take others out.
o Who will liaison with agencies other than your
organization (Cont…)

51
 Roles & Responsibilities
o Who will call for help?
o Who will carry cellular phone?
o Who ensure that everyone is out of the
building?
o Who will monitor release of Staff

52
 Evacuating Procedures
• Active the fire alarm or
shout fire, fire.

• Get out of the building.

• Stay out.
Active your
Fire Brigade
 Help Injured and people with
disabilities or old people, But
Remember
Get others out if you can

55
 Use stairways in
multi storey
buildings
Never use lift during
fire emergencies 56
Crawl low
in smoke

57
 If
your escape route is blocked

Find a suitable room

now with a window
that opens out and a
phone as well to

call 16 for
help
58
 If
your escape route is blocked
• Get every one into
the room and close
the door. Smoke
and fumes can kill
people quickly.

• Put bedding round

the door to block
smoke.

59
 If your
escape route is blocked

Open
the
window
and call
for help
60
If your
escape route is blocked
If your escape
route is blocked, it
may be safer to
stay and protect
yourself until the
fire brigade arrives

61
If your
escape route is blocked
If you’re on the
ground or first
floor, go out of
a window. Use
bedding to
cushion your
fall

62
If your
escape route is blocked

•Lower your
self.

•Don’t jump!

63
If your
clothes catch fire

64