MIL Review
Second Quarter
EDUCAUSE
• A nonprofit association and community of IT
leaders and professionals.
MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)
• A model for delivering learning content online to
any person who wants to take course, with no
limit on attendance.
OER (Open Educational Resources)
• Teaching, learning, and research resources that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an intellectual property license
that permits their free use and repurposing by
others.
CC (Creative Commons)
• An American non-profit organization and
international network devoted to educational
access and expanding the range of creative
works available for others to build upon legally
and to share.
Wearable Technology / Wearable Devices / Wearables
• Electronic technologies or computers that are
incorporated into items of clothing and
accessories which can comfortably be worn on
the body.
3D Graphics / 3D Environment
• Adds texture to our media experience because
of the images that we see in three-dimensional
rendering.
3 Basic Phases in 3D Computer Graphics Creation
1. 3D Modeling - the process of forming a
computer model of an object's shape
2. Layout and Animation - the motion and
placement of objects within a scene
3. 3D Rendering - the computer calculations
that, generate the image based on light
placement, surface types, and other qualities
Ubiquitous Learning / U-Learning
• A kind of e-learning experience that is more
context-based and more adaptive to learner
needs.
Wiki
• These are applications allowing several people
collaborate, modify, extend, or delete the
contents or structure of a particular page devoted
to a topic or content.
Fallacies and Propaganda Techniques
• Ad hominem • Classical conditioning
• Ad nauseam • Cognitive dissonance
• Appeal to authority • Common man or "plain
• Appeal to fear folk" approach
• Appeal to prejudice • Demonizing the enemy
• Bandwagon • Diktat
• Cherry picking (fallacy) • Disinformation
or Selective truth • Euphemism
Fallacies and Propaganda Techniques
• Exaggeration • Loaded language
• Foot-in-the-door technique • Love bombing
• Milieu control
• Framing
• Name-calling
• Glittering generalities • Operant conditioning
• Guilt by association • Oversimplification
• Half-truth • Rationalization
• Intentional vagueness • Red herring
• Scapegoating
• Labeling
• Unstated assumption
• Latitudes of acceptance • Virtue words
3 Main Paradigms on Effects
1. Direct Effect - posits that audiences are
devoid of agency on their media reception
and that media is capable of greatly
influencing the attitudes and behaviors of
these audiences without even realizing it.
2. Limited Effect - believes that you are highly
capable of discerning propaganda and that
media has limited capacity to persuade you.
3 Main Paradigms on Effects
3. Moderate Effect - audiences are not passive
and are capable of creating meaningful
experience.
People Media
• Any person engaged in the use, analysis,
evaluation, and production of media and
information.
People as Media
• People serving as the channels of information.
People in Media
• Media workers who are responsible for bringing
you the information you needed.
Opinion Leaders
• One of the more important features of people
media. Also known as intermediaries in media
studies and highly exposed to and actively
using media.
Citizen Journalism
• Occurs when members of the public become
active participants in the collection, reportage,
analysis, and dissemination of news and
information to other citizens.
Social Journalism
• A model of information relay that combines
professional journalism with those offered by
citizen journalists or even regular audiences
who post feedback, comment, or who share
content on their online accounts.
Crowdsourcing / Collective Mobilization
• A group of people or a crowd is solicited for
information by certain entities or institutions
Text
• Any human-readable sequence of characters
that can form intelligible words.
Types of Texts
1. Plaintext / Unformatted Text – consisting of
fixed sized characters having essentially the
same type of appearance.
2. Formatted Text – Appearance can be
changed using font parameters.
3. Hypertext – serve to link different electronic
documents and enable users to jump from
one to the other in a nonlinear way.
Serif
• Fonts are with curves, such as Times New
Roman, Book Antiqua, Cambia, Copperplate
Bold, and Courier New.
Sans Serif
• Fonts are fonts without curves, such as Arial,
Tahoma, Verdana, and Calibri.
Pixel
• The basic unit of programmable color on a
computer display or in a computer image.
Kerning
• Changing the horizontal gap between the
characters.
Leading
• Changing the vertical gaps between two lines of
text.
File Format
• Refers to the digital document or information
that is stored in a computer as a sequence of
bits and bytes.
Common File Formats
• TXT – Text
• DOC – Document
• RTF – Rich Text Format
• PDF – Portable Document Format
• PS – PostScript
Desktop Publishing
• When text and graphics are arranged into
professional looking publications which can
then be printed out.
Image
• A type of visual information that you can
normally see as either pure black and white or
grayscale having a number of gray shades or
color containing a number of color shades.
Pigment
• A powder used to add color or change visual
appearance. Completely or nearly insoluble and
chemically unreactive in water or another
medium; in contrast, dyes are colored
substances which are soluble or go into solution
at some stage in their use.
RGB CMYK HSB Model
• Red • Cyan • Hue – the specific tone of
color.
• Green • Magenta
• Saturation – the intensity
• Blue • Yellow
of a hue from gray tone
• Black to pure, vivid color.
• Brightness – the relative
lightness or darkness of a
particular color.
Stages of Image Generation
1. Input Stage – convert photographs of images
into digital versions.
2. Editing Stage – digital image is manipulated with
the use of editing software.
3. Storing or Saving – when the image has been
edited, it may be stored in a file format that can
be displayed on the computer screen or in
printed form.
Graphics
• Pictures that are either drawn by hand of
through computer software.
Raster Graphics
• An image especially when drawing is digitized
using a scanner. When scaled the quality of the
drawing is compromised.
Vector Graphics
• Produced through computer software; thus, it is
already in digital form. Can be scaled without
compromising the quality of the drawing.
Graphics as Used in Learning or Instruction
1. Surface Features – refer to the salient
features; and often, they suggest that a series
of still visuals can be more effective for some
learning goals such as teaching how things
work.
Graphics as Used in Learning or Instruction
2. Communication Functions – graphics have
the communication purpose to show motion
or represent illustrate quantitative
relationships.
Graphics as Used in Learning or Instruction
3. Cognitive Psychological Functions – graphics
also serve such function by illustrating the
interaction of visuals with human learning
process such as attention or retrieval from
memory.
Lossy Compression
• Reducing the quality of the image or graphic
due to reduction of the file size.
Lossless Compression
• Does not allow the image to dramatically lose
its appearance.
Common Visual Media File Types
• TIFF – Tagged Image File Format
• PNG – Portable Network Graphics
• GIF – Graphic Interchange Format
• JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group
• BMP – Bitmap
• PSD – Photoshop Document
Sound
• An energy form that is propagated by vibrating
objects.
Four Fundamental Attributes of Sound
1. Amplitude – how sound particles are displaced or
scattered a certain level or intensity of loudness.
2. Frequency – measured by counting the number
of vibrations of sound particles in the path of a
wave in a span of second.
3. Waveform – the actual shape of the sound wave,
associated to the timber or quality of sound.
Four Fundamental Attributes of Sound
4. Speed of Propagation – pertains to how
quickly sound travels.
Noise
• Any sound that may be ambient or natural and
may cause a distraction to the desired kind of
sound.
Dimensions of Sound
1. Film Sound – sound has to match the
aesthetic impact of an image; thus, most films
these days are aiming at using surround-sound
technology.
2. Literal Sound – conveys a specific literal
meaning and describes the source of the
sound. AKA diegetic sound.
3. Nonliteral sound – evoke a visual image of the
source of the sound.
Why Sound Is Important?
• Sound is an integral component of film and
television content because of its capacity to make
pictures more authentic. Audio in film and
television often enhance the visuals of the story
being narrated. Imagine yourself watching a silent
film. Would you feel a little discomfort because of
the absence of sound? Film makers and television
producers aim at optimizing audio quality
because they believe this enhances the
audiences' viewing experience.
Audio Media File Types
• WAV – Waveform Audio • ADPCM – Adaptive
File Differential Pulse Code
• MP3 – Media Player 3 Modulation
• GSM – Global System for • AAC – Advanced Audio
Mobile Coding
• FLAC – Free Lossless • RA – Real Audio
Audio Codec • MSV – Memory Stick Voice
Hearing
• Act of perceiving sound by the ear. If you are
not hearing impaired, hearing simply happens.
Listening
• Something you consciously choose to do
because it requires concentration so that your
brain processes meaning from the sound that
you receive.
Motion Media
• Media based on moving images with audio and
interaction functions.
Analog
• The analog format of video and audio media enables
the recording of data in magnetic tapes; thus, the data
may only be played back according to the sequence of
the data in the magnetic tape.
Digital
• Digital format in a process called digitization to facilitate
more efficient storage and access of data. Digitized data
can be edited, compressed, and transferred with ease;
thus, users can make as many presentations as possible.
