Communication
• According to Ricky W. Griffin- “Communication is
the process of transmitting information from one
person to another.”
FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION
Minimum Two Persons
Two Way Process
Pervassive Function
Continuous process
Formal or Informal
Oral or Written
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication Network
It is the system where the message may flow
in one or too many directions on the basis
of requirements.
Types of Communication
Network
.
• WHEEL NETWORK
Leader act as a central person to accumulate
information
Subordinates have no role in exchanging official
information
CHAIN NETWORK
Communication flows in formal chain.
A person can communicate to his immediate
superior and subordinate.
.
All channel communication
-Informal form of communication
-More freedom among group members
- Known as open channel of network
Circle Network
- Sideward form of communication
-A person can communicate to other person next
to his right
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Interpe Types Form
of
rsonal
comm
al
unicati
on Infor
Non-
verbal mal
Formal communication may be:
• Downward
• Upward
• Two way
• Horizontal (sideward)
• diagonal
Informal communication includes
• Rumor
• Grapevine
• Single stand chain
• Gossip chain
• Probability chain
• Cluster chain
Non verbal communication
• Body language: facial expression, eye contact, gestures and body
posters etc.
• Verbal intonation: it emphasis on words or phrases that convey
meaning, intonations can change the meaning of a message.
Interpersonal communication
• In interpersonal communication, individuals or groups of individuals
transmit information in face to face or through direct contact.
• Oral communication
• Written communication
Barriers to effective communication
Enhancing effective communication
Barriers to effective communication
• Communication is a basis for organizational operation.
• There are many barriers which may create problems in its
effectiveness.
• These barrier involve the following types:
Barriers to effective
communication
Organizatio Physical Psychologic Semantic Technologic
nal Barriers Barriers al Barriers Barriers al Barriers
Organizational Barriers
• Organizational policy
• Organizational rules and regulation
• Lengthy scalar chain
• One-way communication system
• Lack of confidence in subordinates
Physical Barriers
• Physical distance
• Hierarchy structure
• Office design
• Noise
Psychological Barriers
• Distrust of communication
• Superiority complex
• Individual perception
• Premature evaluation
• No attention
Semantic barrier
• The use of difficult, vague, and insensitive language by the sender
creates semantic barriers.
• Harsh language
• Vague language
• Misleading translation
• Technical language
Technological Barriers
• Mechanical barriers
• Loss of transmission
• Information overload
• Insufficient period allowed
ENHANCING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
• Effective listening
• Utilizing feedback
• Regulating information flow
• Two way communication
• Simplifying language
• Avoid information overload
• Create an environment of trust and
confidence
• Reduce psychological barriers
Issues in communication
• Gender differences
• Cross cultural issues
• Politically corrected communication
• Electronic communication
• Privacy in communication
Interactive communication
• It is the moderate form of horizontal communication system where
individuals exchange individuals exchange information without
considering any hierarchical levels.
• It is an exchange of ideas and knowledge where both the participants
are active and can have an effect on each other.
• It is a dynamic form of communication and considers two way flow of
information.
Organizational communication
• It is the exchange of information with the internal and external
stakeholders of an organization.
• It helps to accomplish task related specific roles and responsibilities
such as sales, services and production.
• It represents the present organizational environment and culture that
shows quality of the organization and its members.
Factors influencing organizational
commnication
• Formal channels of communication
• Authority structure
• Job specialization
• Information ownership
Communication roles/functions
• Providing information
• Persuasion
• Maintaining control
• Support for decision
• Motivating employees
• Interaction
• Providing feedback
Communication policies and communication
audit
• Communications audit is concerned with a comprehensive evaluation
of an organization’s ability to send, receive and share information
with various stakeholders within and outside the organization.
• It’s aim is to reveal the strengths and weaknesses between
management and employees in sharing information.
• They need to provide organizational activities related information to
customers, investors, suppliers, government authorities, news media,
and other audiences.
Current issues in communication
• Gender differences
• Cross cultural issues
• Politically correct communication
• Electronic communication
• Privacy in communication
