MOBILITY AND
IMMOBILITY
Manasa. K
Nursing Tutor
INTRODUCTION:-
Physical exercise is any bodily activity
that enhances or maintains physical fitness and
overall health.
Physical fitness is a general state of good
health as a result of nutrition and exercise. Our
bodies are made for activity. Movement is one of
the definition of life.
e.g. older people have to take special
precautions to avoid sudden jarring movements
that could impose the excessive strain.
Therefore, they would benefited by physical
exercise.
DEFINITION:-
1. Mobility:-
The ability to move freely, easily,
rhythmically and purposefully in the
environment.
the ability to move also influences
persons self-esteem. It depends on a sense of
independence and a feeling of usefulness.
2. Immobility:-
Refers to a reduction in the amount and
control of movement a person has. It is the
inability to move the whole body or its part.
FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILITY:-
1.Age:- It generally affects the activity level
and general mobility. As people get older,
activity level get slow down.
2.Lifestlye:-
People learn early in life often from
families, the value of activity in relation to
health. Some people participate in physical
activities regularly in an effort to maintain or
improve health.
3.Energy level:-
It influence an individual’s mobility.
People demonstrate different energy level at
different times.
4.Fear and pain :-
These can limit mobility.
5.Disability:-
A disability is a persistent mental or
physical weakness that prevent a person from
caring out the normal activities of life.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF NORMAL
MOVEMENTS:-
Alignment
Posture
Jointmobility
Balance
Co-ordinated movement
NORMAL MOVEMENT
“ Normal movement may be considered
as a skill acquired through learning( or
development) for the purpose of achieving the
most efficient and economical movement or
performance of a given task and is specific to
the individual.”
Alignment :-
Alignment and posture helps to optimize on
being able to stand or move alignment: look
at them from anterior look at them from
anterior look at shoulders and hips they
should aligned. look at ear lobe, shoulder, hip
anterior part of knee and the posterior part
of their heel.
Posture : erect lordosis , kyphosis or
silicosis .joint mobility some joints has a wide
range of movement. shoulder joint is a ball
and socket joint as well as hip joint. Some
joints are saddle joints in hands with limited
flexibility compared to ball and socket.
Joint mobility is affected by genetics, age
and disease processes and how physically
active we are in our lifetime. Balance caused
by inner ear-vestibular in our semi circular
canal keeps us upright. Vision cranial nerve
number 2 tells us where we are in relation to
our environment. Muscles to hold skeletal
frame for us to move.
Coordinated movement is influenced by
cerebral cortex, which initiates voluntary
movement and cerebrum in back of head is in
charge of coordinating motor activity and the
basal ganglia maintain posture as well.
Alignments images:-
Posture’s:-
Co-ordination Movement:-
PRINCIPLES OF
BODY MECHANISM:-
INTRODUCTION:-
Some of the most common injuries
sustained by members of the health care team
are severe musculoskeletal strains. Many
injuries can be avoided by the conscious use of
proper body mechanics when performing
physical work.
DEFINITION :-
Body mechanics the term used to
describe the efficient, and safe use of the
body to move objects and carry out the
activities of daily living (ADL’s).
PURPOSES :-
To maintain good balance.
To reduce the energy required.
To avoid excessive fatigue.
To avoid muscle strains or tears.
To avoid skeletal injuries.
To avoid injury to the patient.
To avoid injury to assisting staff members.
PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANISM :-
The wider the base of support, the greater the
stability.
The lower the center of gravity, the greater the
stability.
The equilibrium of an object is maintained as
long as the line of gravity passes through its
base of support.
Facing the direction of movement prevents
abnormal twisting of the spine.
Dividing balanced activity between arms and
legs reduces the risk of back injury.
It is easier to pull, push, or roll an object than
it is to lift it.
Movements should be smooth & coordinated rather than jerky.
When friction is reduced between the object to moved and
the surface on which it moved, less force is required to move
it.
Use the arm and leg muscles as much as possible, the back
muscle as little as possible.
Keep the work as close as possible to your body. It puts less of
a strain on your back, legs, and arms.
Keep the work at a comfortable height to avoid excessive
bending at the waist.
Keep your body in good physical condition to reduce the
chance of injury
Rest between periods of work promotes work endurance.
BENEFITS OF EXERCISE:-
RANGE OF MOTION:-
st
1 unit test
Nursing Foundation:-
Topic: Patient Education and Mobility,
Immobility
1. What is body mechanism and explain the
principles of body mechanism? (8)
2. Explain the importance of patient
education/teaching? (5)
3. What is Patient Education? And mention
the benefits of patient education? (5)
4. What is mobility and immobility? (2)
