Desain Pengelolaan Jaringan

Perancangan WLAN

Team Teaching
2018
Wireless Benefit

1. Increased flexibility
2. Increased productivity
3. Reduced costs
4. Ability to grow and adapt to
changing requirements
 Wireless Technology

Wireless networks can be classified broadly as:

Wireless personal-area network (WPAN) – Operates in the
range of a few feet (Bluetooth).
Wireless LAN (WLAN) – Operates in the range of a few hundred
feet.
Wireless wide-area network (WWAN) – Operates in the range
of miles.
Bluetooth – An IEEE 802.15 WPAN standard; uses a device-
pairing process to communicate over distances up to .05 mile
(100m).
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) – An IEEE 802.11 WLAN standard;
provides network access to home and corporate users, to include
data, voice and video traffic, to distances up to 0.18 mile (300m).
Wireless Technology (2)
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) –
An IEEE 802.16 WWAN standard that provides wireless
broadband access of up to 30 mi (50 km).
Cellular broadband – Consists of various corporate, national, and
international organizations using service provider cellular access
to provide mobile broadband network connectivity.
Satellite Broadband – Provides network access to remote sites
through the use of a directional satellite dish.
WLAN Components
Radio Frequencies
WLAN Components
Wireless Standards
WLAN Component
Wifi Certification
The Wi-Fi Alliance certifies Wi-Fi and the following product
compatibility:
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad-compatible.
IEEE 802.11i secure using WPA2™ and Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) to simplify device
connections.
Wi-Fi Direct to share media between devices
Wi-Fi Passpoint to simplify securely connecting to Wi-Fi
hotspot networks
Wi-Fi Miracast to seamlessly display video between devices
WLAN Component
Comparing WLANs & LANs
Components of WLAN
Wireless NICs

Wireless deployment
requires:
End devices with wireless
NICs
Infrastructure device, such
as a wireless router or
wireless AP
Components of WLAN
Wireless Home Router

A home user typically

interconnects
wireless devices
using a small,
integrated wireless
router.

These serve as:

• access point
• Ethernet switch
• router
Components of WLAN
Wireless Access Point
Components of WLAN
Wireless Access Point
Wireless Topology
Adhoc Mode

Tethering (personal hotspot) – Variation of the Ad Hoc topology when

a smart phone or tablet with cellular data access is enabled to create
a personal hotspot.
Wireless Topology
Infrastructure Mode
Infrastructure Mode (2)
Wireless Operation
Wireless Clients and Access Point Association
Wireless Operation
CSMA/CA

CSMA/CA
Flowchart
Wireless Operation
Association Parameters

SSID – Unique identifier that wireless clients use to distinguish between

multiple wireless networks in the same vicinity.
Password – Required from the wireless client to authenticate to the AP.
Sometimes called the security key.
Network mode – Refers to the 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad WLAN standards.
APs and wireless routers can operate in a mixed mode; i.e., it can
simultaneously use multiple standards.
Security mode – Refers to the security parameter settings, such as
WEP, WPA, or WPA2.
Channel settings – Refers to the frequency bands used to transmit
wireless data. Wireless routers and AP can choose the channel setting
or it can be manually set.
Wireless Operation
Discovering APs
Passive mode
AP advertises its service by sending broadcast beacon frames
containing the SSID, supported standards, and security settings.
The beacon’s primary purpose is to allow wireless clients to learn which
networks and APs are available in a given area.
Active mode
Wireless clients must know the name of the SSID.
Wireless client initiates the process by broadcasting a probe request
frame on multiple channels.
Probe request includes the SSID name and standards supported.
May be required if an AP or wireless router is configured to not
broadcast beacon frames.
Wireless Operation
Authentication
• Open authentication – A
NULL authentication where
the wireless client says
“authenticate me” and the AP
responds with “yes.” Used
where security is of no
concern.
• Shared key authentication –
Technique is based on a key
that is pre-shared between
the client and the AP.
Channel Management
Selecting Channels
Channel Management
Selecting Channels

The solution to 802.11b interference is to use

nonoverlapping channels 1, 6, and 11.
Channel Management
Selecting Channels

Use channels in the larger, less-crowded 5 GHz band,

reducing “accidental denial of service (DoS),” this band can
support four non-overlapping channels.
Channel Management
Selecting Channels

Channel bonding combines two 20-MHz channels into one

40-MHz channel.
RF Site Survey

An RF site survey is used in wireless

network design, and the process to
conduct such a survey (Teare, 2008)
RF Site Survey (2)

A site survey is a process by which the

surveyor studies the facility to
understand the RF characteristics in
the environment, plans and reviews RF
coverage areas, check for RF
interference, and determines the
appropiate placement of wireless
infrastructure devices (Teare, 2008)
RF Site Survey Process

Step 1 : Define customer requirements

Include :
• The Number and type of wireless
device to support
• The sites where such devices will be
located
• The service levels expected
RF Site Survey Process (2)
 Step 2 : Identify coverage areas and user density
• Obtain a facility diagram, and visually
inspect the facility to identify the potential
RF obstacles
 Step 3 : Determine preliminary AP locations
 Include :
• The availability of power
• Wired network access
• Cell coverage and overlap
• Channel selection
• Mounting locations and antenna type
Identify Coverage Areas

(Teare, 2008)
Determine Preliminary AP Locations

(Teare, 2008)
Heat Maps Help Visualize Coverage

(Teare, 2008)
Software Wireless Heat Mapper

https://wifi.ekahau.com/heatmapper
Software Wireless Heat Mapper

• https://www.acrylicwifi.com/en/
RF Site Survey Process (3)

 Step 4 : Perform the actual survey

 The actual survey verifies the AP
locations
 Relocate AP as needed and retest
 Step 5 : Document the findings
 Record the locations and log signal
readings and data rates at the outer
boundaries of the WLAN
Designing Indoor WLAN

1. Begin with locating

AP in the edge of
the room, walk
outside to monitor
the quality of
connectivity and the
distance
2. Move the AP to the
optimal point in the
(Sunggiardi,2008)
cell
Designing Indoor WLAN (2)

3. Check to opposite
way, until you get :
 Coverage of the AP
 Noted all the
location where the
lowest signals
connected
 From all the data,
you can get one cell
served by one AP
(Sunggiardi, 2008)
Designing Indoor WLAN (3)

4. Placed AP in the first

cell
 The break line is
the maximum AP
location from
point 4
5. Moved AP to the
maximum distance
 The cell
boundaries is the
violet line for AP
in the point 5
(Sunggiardi,2008)
Designing Indoor WLAN (4)

(Sunggiardi, 2008)

Do the same process to the all cell

Designing Indoor WLAN (5)
• If APs are to use
existing wiring, or if
there are locations
where APs cannot
be placed, note
these locations on
the map.
• Position APs above
obstructions.
• Position APs
vertically near the
ceiling in the center
of each coverage
area, if possible.
• Position APs in
locations where
users are expected
to be.
Components of WLANs
Small Wireless Deployment Solutions
Components of WLANs
Small Wireless Deployment Solutions

• Each AP is
configured
and
managed
individually.
• This can
become a
problem
when
several APs
are
required.
Components of WLANs
Small Wireless Deployment Solutions

• Support the clustering of

APs without the use of a
controller.
• Multiple APs can be
deployed and pushed to a
single configuration to all
devices within the cluster,
managing the wireless
network as a single
system without worrying
about interference
between APs, and without
configuring each AP as a
separate device.
Large Wireless Deployment Solutions

• For larger organizations with many

APs, Cisco provides controller-based
managed solutions, including the
Cisco Meraki Cloud Managed
Architecture and the Cisco Unified
Wireless Network Architecture.
• Cisco Meraki cloud architecture is a
management solution used to simplify
the wireless deployment. Using this
architecture, APs are centrally
managed from a controller in the
cloud.
Large Wireless Deployment Solutions
Large Wireless Deployment Solutions
Outdoor Site Survey Preparation

 Notebook
 Use site survey software such as
NetStumbler, AirMagnet, Kismet, etc
 WiFi Card / USB WiFi
 Global Positioning System
Link Calculation

 Needed Calculation :
 Free Space Loss (FSL)
 System Operating Margin (SOM)
 Fresnel Zone Clearence (FZC)
 Antenna bearing, antenna down tilt,
and antenna down tilt coverage radius
 Practical Reference :
 http://www.ydi.com
Free Space Loss
System Operating Margin
Fresnel Zone Clearence
Distance & Bearing
Antenna Tilt Angle
Down Tilt Coverage
Link Possibility Calculator
http://mikrotik.co.id/test_link.php
Contoh Kasus (Masalah)
Contoh Kasus (Penyelesaian)
Wireless Link Calculator
https://mikrotik.com/calculator
References

Anonim, 2007, WiFi Link Calculation,

Multimedia Training Kit, _
Sunggiardi, S., Michael, 2008,
Workshop Wireless LAN, _ , _
Teare, Dianne, 2008, Authorized Self-
Study Guide Designing for Cisco
Internetwork Solutions (DESGN)
Second Edition, Cisco Press,
Indianapolis