MAHARASHTRA NATURAL GAS
LIMITED
(A JOINT VENTURE OF GAIL (India) LTD & BPCL)
Dedicated for ‘Cleaner & Greener’ environment
Construction Site Safety
Construction Safety Glossary
ACCIDENT: An incident which results in death, injury loss, or damage
APPOINTED PERSON: One who is trained in accordance with the appropriate schedule, competent to carry out the duties
Construction work: Work for construction, alteration, and/or repair, including painting and decorating.
DANGER : A state or condition in which personal injury and/or asset damage is reasonably foreseeable. The presence of a hazard.
HARM: Injury to or death of persons, or damage.
HAZARD : A potential source of harm.
INCIDENT :An unexpected and unplanned event that doesn’t result in harm but is worth reporting. For example, an installed beam falls during a
construction project, no one is harmed but the occurrence has to be noted.
INCIDENT REPORTING :A formal document detailing the facts related to an incident at a jobsite.
NEAR MISS: An incident, which did not show a visible result, but had the potential to do so
RISK: Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.
RISK ASSESSMENT: A process where hazards are identified and risks evaluated, with the objective of eliminating or reducing the risks to an
acceptable level, this generally means reducing risk to a level which is tolerable and as low as reasonably practicable.
SAFETY: Freedom from (unacceptable) risk of harm to persons. Safety may also encompass environmental or asset damage/loss
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK: A method of working that eliminates or reduces the risk of injury.
Toolbox Talks(TBT)
Some important TBT topics for construction
site:-
•Scaffolding Awareness
•Ladder
•PPE’s
•Permit to Work System
•Electricity Awareness
•What to do in case of Emergency
•Equipment Isolation
•Working with Chemicals
•Incident & Near-Miss Reporting
•Lifting Operations
MNGL TBT Format
A few facts about Construction Site
The first week on each new site is the most
dangerous
Accidents are more frequent at the end of the day
Small building jobs are the most risky
Safety helmets, Hi-visual jackets, safety boots do
prevent injury and death
Light weight shoes-such as trainers or runners are
not suitable on site
Construction Accidents
56% falls from height
21% trapped by something collapsing or overturning
10% struck by a moving vehicle
5% contact with electricity or electrical discharge
4% struck by a flying/falling object during machine
lifting of materials
3% contact with moving machinery or material being
machined
1% exposure to a hot or harmful substance
Factors That Contribute to These Accidents
Inadequate construction planning
Lack of proper training
Deficient enforcement of training
Unsafe equipment
Unsafe methods or sequencing
Unsafe site conditions
Not using safety equipment that was provided
Risk Assessment for Each Hazard
Step-1 Risk Assessment Estimate Injury Step-2 Risk Assessment Estimate Probability
Severity of Hazardous Event
Severe-Death or serious debilitating long-term injury such as High- Very likely to occur, protective measures are nearly
amputation or coma worthless
Medium-Occurrence is likely. The frequency of control
Serious-Permanent or nonreversible injury that severely impact
measures is significant or control measures are inadequate
enjoyment of life and may require continued treatment
Moderate-Occurrence is possible, but not likely
Moderate-Permanent or reversible minor injury that does not
significantly impact enjoyment of life, but requires medical treatment. Low- Occurrence is so unlikely as to be considered nearly zero.
Slight-Reversible injury requiring simple medical treatment with no
confinement
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Risk Assessment Matrix & Template
Probability Severity
Severe Serious Moderate Slight
High High High Medium Low
Medium High Medium Low Low
Moderate Medium Low Low Negligible
Low Low Low Negligible Negligible
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Major hazards of construction
Falls
Electrocution
Being struck by falling
objects
Trapped during excavation
Fall Protection
Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry.
A fall from as little as 4-6 feet can be fetal
When fall protection is needed?
• Walkways & ramps
• Open sides & edges
• Holes
• Excavations
• Roofs
• Wall openings
• Bricklaying
Fall protection and prevention options
Safety Nets
Hand Rails
Safety Harness (PFAS)
Equipment guards
Fall protection systems
must be in place before
work start
Personal Fall Arrest System,
PFAS Guardrails
Must be properly trained
Key requirements
No free fall more than 6
feet
Must be inspected prior to
use
Safety line must be able to
support the load of the
person. • Top rail between 39 to 45 inches
tall
• Toeboards at least 3 inches tall
Safety Nets
Falling Objects
Used to catch falling workers
• Hardhats are required
Placed not more than 30 FT below • Use of canopies is authorized
work area
Placed not more than 8-13 ft from
• Barricade the area to prevent unauthorized entry
edge of working area
Electrical Hazards
• Electrical accidents are caused by a combination of three factors:
• Unsafe equipment and/or installation,
• Workplaces made unsafe by the environment, and
• Unsafe work practices
Electrical Safety
• Always assume that all overhead wires are energized
• Never touch a down power line
• When you come into contact with an electric current, current can
flow through your body, causing electrical shock and burns. There is
the threat of serious damage or even death.
• Never operate electrical equipment while standing in water
ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS HAZARD: Overhead Power
Most Frequent Causes Lines
Contact with Power Lines • Equipment that could contact power
lines:
Lack of Ground Fault Protector • Cranes
• Scaffolds
Missing Ground on electric cords • Ladders
Improper use of equipment • Scissor lift
Improper use of electric cords
MOST COMMON INJURIES
Electrocution or death/Shock
Electric shock is received when electrical current passes through the body.
Can cause severe damage or death.
You will get an electrical shock if a part of your body completes an electrical circuit by…
a. Touching a live wire and an electrical ground,
b. Touching a live wire and another wire at a different voltage.
Most Common injuries:
Most Common injuries:
Burns Falls
• Caused by involuntary
electric shock
• Occurs on personnel
working in elevated
locations (ladder,
scaffolds, etc)
Most common shock-related injury • May result in serious
*Electrical Burns, Arc or Flash Burns, injury or death
Thermal Burns
Occurs when you touch electrical wiring or
equipment that is improperly used or
maintained
Very serious injury that needs Immediate
attention
Trenching & Excavation
All excavations deeper than 1.25meters MUST be shored or Make sure the excavation is inspected daily
battered. Make sure you know where any underground pipes and
Excavations deeper than 2 meters MUST have a guard rail or cables are before you hit them
barrier REMEMBER: There is no safe ground that “will not
Vehicles working too close to the collapse”
side of the trench or rubble piled Trench sides can collapse without warning
on the sides may cause collapse
Vehicles tipping into the excavation
must use stop blocks
Trenching & Excavation Factors that pose hazards to
Hazards employees
Risks of excavation Soil classification
How to protect employees from Depth of cut
cave-ins Water content of soil
Factors that pose a hazard to Changes due to weather and climate
employees working in excavation Other operations in the vicinity
Role of competent person
Types of Protection
Hydraulic Jacks
Trench Shield
A trench shield was built
Easily dropped in place and adjusted
around this work area Trench pins installed in case of hydraulic failure
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PPE’s for Excavation Site
• Hard hats
• Steel-toed boots
• High-visibility vests
• Gloves
• Safety goggles
Scaffolding
User Responsibility:-
• Before going on a scaffold you MUST check it has a green
tag and it has been signed within the last 7 days
• Visual check – No damage, no obvious signs that scaffolding
has being changed or altered.
• Working on a scaffold WITHOUT a valid green tag is a
serious safety offence
• Do not carry equipment up ladders in hands, always tool belt
or bag otherwise use rope with bag/box to lift tools and
equipment. (both hands are required for climbing)
• To prevent dropped objects, housekeeping at height must be
ensured at all times, tools and equipment needs to be kept in
bags/containers to prevent from falling.
• Do not lean out of handrail
• Do not stand on scaffold handrails
• IN high wind, heavy rain or fog, the supervisor will make a
decision as to if it is safe for work to continue.
PPE’s required for Scaffolding
Hard hats
Safety harnesses
Safety shoes or heavy-duty boots
Gloves
Eye and face protection
High-visibility vests or clothing.
The details of the scaffold plan may include:
CRANE SAFETY
• The weight of the load must be carefully estimated
• The crane must be fitted with an automatic safe load indicator
(one that works)
• The crane must always work on a hard, level base
• The load must be properly fixed and secured
• The banksman must be trained to give clear signals
Good Housekeeping
Ensure good housekeeping to prevent slips, trips and falls. A high
number of accidents occur on construction sites due to workers tripping
over rubbish and waste
Remove any material that could fuel fires
Timber or other materials with projecting nails must NOT be used for
any work or be stored in any place where they could cause danger
A Safe Working Environment
To help ensure a safe working environment for everyone, it’s
vital that you:
•Follow all health and safety rules that have been provided
• Undertake work in line with provided method statements, risk
assessments and permits to work
• Report any accidents/near misses to the designated health and
safety contact
• Comply with all safety signage on site
• Only operate tools, equipment, machinery and vehicles that you
have been trained on and authorised to use
• Ensure you use the personal protective equipment (PPE) you have
been provided with, properly
Reporting Health Problems
Reporting health problems as early as possible will highlight the need for risks
to be reduced with the necessary measures. Health risks can include:
• Asbestos exposure
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Musculoskeletal disorders/RSI
• Dermatitis
• Respiratory disease
• Hearing problems from exposure to noise
• Hand-arm vibration
• Stress
Site Welfare
Be aware of extreme temperatures. During the warmer months, hats and sun cream
should be used and suitable clothing worn to prevent sunburn. In colder temperatures
ensure that suitable warm clothing is worn and ‘warm up’ breaks are taken as agreed
Dispose of all waste in the correct skips/receptacles
Do not engage in horseplay/practical jokes
Utilise any provided mechanical aids
Ladders and Stepladders are to be used for access or as places of work ONLY when
there is no reasonably practicable alternative and it is safe to do so
Only use scaffolding which has been erected by a competent person and that has
been safely tagged to indicate safe use
