THE EFFECTS OF
MESOPOTAMIAN
CIVILIZATION TO THE
EGYPTIAN
The civilization and architecture of
the Mesopotamian greatly
influenced the Egyptian and their
architecture.
The deity worship and the quest
for the afterlife became the
cornerstone of the Egytian
architecture until its fall through
the conquest of various powerful
empire from Europe.
Welcome to the Egyptian
civilization
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
JOEL VIVERO RICO, FPIA, UAP
HSTAR 01
MODULE 3
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ANIMATED
MAP OF EGYPT
ANCIENT
EGYPTIAN
ARCHITECTURE
The architectural monuments
produced mainly during the
dynastic periods of the first
three millennia BCE in
the Nile Valley regions
of Egypt and Nubia.
Generally, Egyptians
constructed 2 types of
architecture, BURIAL TOMB ,
TEMPLES, PALACES AND
HOUSES
EGYPTIAN ART
The architecture, similar to representational
art, aimed to preserve forms and
conventions that were held to reflect the
perfection of the world at the primordial
moment of creation and to embody the
correct relationship between humankind,
the king, and the pantheon of the gods.
For this reason, both Egyptian art and
architecture appear outwardly resistant to
development and the exercise of individual
artistic judgment, but Egyptian artisans of
every historical period found different
solutions for the conceptual challenges posed
DYNASTIC EGYPT
Any survey of Egyptian architecture is weighted in favour of funerary and religious buildings, partly
because of their location. Many temples and tombs survived because they were built on ground
unaffected by the Nile flood, whereas most ancient Egyptian towns were lost because they were
situated in the cultivvated and flooded area of the Nile Valley. Yet the dry, hot climate of Egypt
allowed some mud brick structures to survive where they have escaped the destructive effects of
water or humans.
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MUDBRICKS AN
STONES
The two principal building materials used
in ancient Egypt were unbaked mud brick
and stone. From the Old Kingdom (c. 2575–
2130 BCE) onward, stone was generally used
for tombs—the eternal dwellings of the dead
—and for temples—the eternal houses of
the gods.
Mud brick remained the domestic material,
used even for royal palaces; it was also used
for fortresses, the great walls of temple
precincts and towns, and for subsidiary
buildings in temple complexes.
EGYPTIAN
TOMB
Mortuary architecture in Egypt was highly
developed and often grandiose. Most
tombs comprised two principal parts, the burial
chamber (the tomb proper) and the chapel, in
which offerings for the deceased could be made. In
royal burials the chapel rapidly developed into
a mortuary temple, which, beginning in the New
Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 BCE), was usually built
separately and at some distance from the tomb. In
the following discussion, funerary temples built
separately will be covered with temples in general
and not as part of the funerary complex.
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MASTABA
Mastabas were the standard type
of tomb in the earliest dynasties.
These flat-roofed, rectangular
superstructures had sides
constructed at first from mud brick
and later of stone, in the form of
paneled niches painted white and
decorated with elaborate
“matting” designs. They were built
over many storage chambers
stocked with food and equipment
for the deceased, who lay in a
rectangular burial chamber below
ground.
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DIFFERENT SHAPE OF EGYPTIAN
PYRAMIDS
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EGYPTIAN
TEMPLE
Two principal kinds of temple can
be distinguished—CULT temples
and funerary or MORTUARY
temples. The former
accommodated the images of
deities, the recipients of the daily
cult; the latter were the shrines for
the funerary cults of dead kings.
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MORTUARY
TEMPLE
Hatshepsut Mortuary Temple
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CULT TEMPLE
ABU SIMBLE TEMPLE
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DOMESTIC
ARCHITECTU
RE
Mud brick and wood were the
standard materials for houses
and palaces throughout the
Dynastic period; stone was used
occasionally for such
architectural elements as
doorjambs,
lintels, column bases, and
windows.
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Palaces, as far as can be judged from remains at Thebes and Tell
el-Amarna, were vast, rambling magnified versions of Nakht’s
PHARAOH’ villa, with broad halls, harem suites, kitchen areas, and wide
courts. At Tell el-Amarna some monumental formality was
S PALACE introduced in the form of porticoes, colonnades, and statuary.
Lavish use was made of mural and floor decoration in which
floral and animal themes predominated.
PRINCE OF EGYPT
https://youtu.be/NieC8KA0EvI
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10 FACTS ABOUT EGYPTIAN ART
AND ARCHITECTURE
1. HIEROGLYPHICS
was both a written
language and art
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2. A common preconception is that Ancient
Egyptian art all looks the same. In reality, it is
very diversed and the style and symbolism of the
art depends on the region.
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3. A lot of the artists or architects from Ancient
Egypt are unknown and remain anonymous.
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4. Some forms of art were
created purely for sacred or
magical purposes.
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5. Egyptian art are one
of the most looted
artpieces in olden days
by colonial powers
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6. We think of Mummies as an Ancient Egyptian
burial ritual but they were actually very sacred
objects. Only very few people were ever
mummified in Ancient Egyptian history and
only the Priests were allowed to see them.
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7. Alexander the Great of
Macedonia founded the City
of Alexandra in Egypt.
Pharos at Alexandria, Egypt
Seven Wonders of Ancient World
8. AMUN-RA is
the supreme
Egyptian god
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9. Egypt is both a
country, empire and
civilization with distinct
architecture and culture.
10. Who build
the Great
Pyramid at Giza?
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTS, ARTISANS,
CONSTRUCTION SLAVES
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11. In the 19th century, the Rosetta Stone
helped scholars at long last crack the code of
hieroglyphics, the ancient Egyptian writing
system. French army engineers who were
part of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egypt
campaign discovered the stone slab in 1799
while making repairs to a fort near the town
of Rashid (Rosetta).
ROSETTA STONE
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12. The SPHINX is a monument
guardian with the head of the
PHARAOH the body of the
LION
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REFEENCES
https://www.history.com/news/what-is-the-rosetta-stone
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gd5l
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