Case Study On–

ADM100 & 103

TEAM MEMBERS
AYUSH HEMANT HYNDHAVI

ARAVIND MAYURAJ
SAP BASIS TECHNICAL
ARCHITECTURE(S)
SAP R/3 ARCHITECTURE & COMPONENTS

It’s a client server

architecture.
• R - Real-time system
& 3 - 3-tier architecture.

It contains 3 layers -

• Presentation layer -
(UI /UX )
• Application layer - (NW
ABAP, NW JAVA, DUAL
STACK)
• Database layer
1. Presentation layer:
• To receive user input .
• Business Client : SAP GUI , SAP
Fiori , NWBC etc.,
2. Application Layer:
• To Process User Request .
• Application layer is made up core
components.
3. Database Layer:
To Store & Retrieve data
ARCHITECT
URE OF SAP
AS ABAP &
COMPONEN
TS
COMPONEN
TS OF SAP
AS ABAP

• In the application layer

there are several
elements or components
that carry out different
operations. We will
discuss some of the
major components of
SAP AS ABAP
architecture -
•Message Server: It handles communication between distributed Dispatchers in
ABAP system. It also performs load balancing of logons using SAP GUI and RFC with
logon groups.

•Dispatcher Queue: Various work process types are stored in this queue.

•Dispatcher: This component distributes requests to work processes.

•Gateway: It enables communication between SAP system and between SAP

system and external systems.

•SAP Web Dispatcher:

• Used to distribute HTTP requests across all instances of an SAP system.
• Central point of entry to the SAP system from the internet. For each incoming
request, it must decide on the instance to which it forwards the request.
• Ensures an even distribution of load across servers (load balancing).
•Work Process: A work process is where
individual dialog steps are actually
processed, and the work is done. Each work
process handles one type of request.

•There are basically 5 types of work

processes :
1. Dialog (DIA),
2. Background (BTC),
3. Update (UPD & UP2),
4. Spool (SPO) &
5. Enqueue (ENQ).
 •AS Java is part of the SAP NetWeaver Application Platform. It
provides the complete infrastructure for deploying and running Java
applications.

•AS Java is optimized to run mission-critical business applications

and provides a number of new concepts and enhanced features, such
as:

ARCHITECT • Increased robustness & stability of the server infrastructure and

URE OF SAP applications

• Simplification of server infrastructure
AS JAVA • Enhanced monitoring
• Advanced administration capabilities provided by the Zero
Administration concept
• Integration of SAP Java Virtual Machine with additional capabilities
• Central cache management and session management
• Message Server: It handles java
dispatchers and server processes.
It enables communication within
java runtime environment.
• Enqueue Server: It handles
logical locks that are set by the
executed Java application
program in a server process.
• Java Dispatcher: It receives the
client requests and forwards to
the server process.
• Software Deployment Manager:
SDM is used to install J2EE components.
Internet Communication Manager
• The Internet Communication Manager (ICM) distributes incoming
requests to the server processes. In releases before AS Java 7.10, the
Java dispatcher performed this task.

Server Processes
• The server process executes the Java applications. Every server
process is multi-threaded, which means it can process queries in
parallel. It is based on the memory sizing how many server processes
one ICM can have.
ARCHITECT
URE OF SAP
DUAL STACK
(AS ABAP +
AS JAVA)
 SAP system that contains installations of both
Application Server ABAP and Application Server
Java (AS Java).

• A dual-stack system has the following

characteristics:
• Common SID for all application servers and the
database
• Common startup framework
• Common database (with different schemas for
ABAP and Java)

Note: SAP does not recommend to setup Dual Stack Systems except if necessary (e.g. Solution Manager)

On a larger scale, SAP is consolidating its features, and reduce the need for "both ABAP and JAVA". Many
things like CRM ICC, HR ESS are no longer require to be running in a separate (JAVA) stack. This made
operating SAP system much less costly.
Architectur
e of the
SAP
NetWeaver
SAP NetWeaver Application
Server: Dual-Stack
Installation

•The design of the SAP NetWeaver

Application Server is aimed at providing
an exceptionally high level of robustness
and supportability for the applications
running on it.

•The NetWeaver Application Server

consists of the Application Server
ABAP (AS ABAP) and the Application
Server Java (AS JAVA).
People Integration: It helps people collaborate and work efficiently.
• Portal - NW delivers unified and personalized user experience.
• Collaboration - Facilitates real-time communication and allows third-party collaboration tools.
• Multi-Channel - Users can connect through various mediums ranging from web to mobile.

Information Integration: Brings information from a variety of locations together.

• Business Intelligence – Provides tools for creating interactive reports and helps in implementation with pre-configured
roles and task-oriented data models.
• Knowledge Management – Facilitates access to unstructured data in a distributed storage system.
•

Process Integration: Coordinates the flow of work across different systems.

• NW Exchange Infrastructure provides cross system business processes.
• Includes Runtime Infrastructure for exchanging messages for managing business processes as well as messages
mapping.
• Based on Open Architecture and Open Standards.

Application Integration: Includes a Web Application Server that provides complete development Infrastructure. This helps

in development and distribution of robust and scalable web services and applications. It Supports JAVA, ABAP and Web

Services.
ARCHITECTU
RE OF SAP
WEB
DISPATCHER
&
ADMINISTRAT
ION
• The main SAP Web Dispatcher features are:
• Load balancing for SAP and non-SAP systems. SAP Web Dispatcher can serve as a
single access point for one or multiple back-end systems.
• Automated configuration by fetching system configuration information from the
backend system.
• Reverse proxy with request filtering, caching, request header modification,
redirects.
• Request routing to back-end systems based on host, port or path (virtual
hosting).
• Single Sign-On for on-premise SAP Fiori Launchpad and integrated cloud services
(in this scenario it is actually a mandatory component).

• How to check if webdispatcher is installed -

• sapwebdisp -v
ARCHITECTURE OF
SAP ICM &
ADMINISTRATION

• Component of the SAP architecture

that allows the ABAP based SAP
system to communicate directly with
the internet. Technically, the ICM is a
standalone multi-threaded process
that is started and monitored by the
ABAP dispatcher.

• T-CODE – SMICM - ICM monitor

ARCHITECTURE OF SAP ICF &
ADMINISTRATION
• The Internet Communication Framework (ICF)
provides a way for different systems to communicate
with each other over the internet/intranet using
standard protocols (such as HTTP and SMTP).
• The ICF allows a response to a request to be generated
using an application. An HTTP request is sent from a
client (such as a Web Browser) to the server. It is then
forwarded to an application by the ICF. Here, data is
collected and sent back to the client as a response by
the ICF. The response data is then displayed in the
browser.
Activation
Concept
•ICF services can be active or inactive, which is indicated by
different colors in transaction SICF:
ARCHITECTURE OF
SAP ITS &
ADMINISTRATION

• SAP ITS stands for SAP Internet

Transaction Server. It is integrated
with into the kernel of the SAP
Netweaver Application Server. ITS is
accessed via the “Internet
Communication Manager”. With the
integration with ITS a web browser can
communicate directly with a SAP
System.
ARCHITECTURE
OF SAP ERS &
ADMINISTRATIO
N

• ERS stands for Enqueue

replication server and its job is
to keep an up to date replica
of the lock table so if
something tragic was to
happen to the ASCS instance
the state of the table locks is
safeguarded.
• This ensures high availability
for the Standalone Server. The
Replication Server runs on the
ERS instance.
ARCHITECTURE
OF SAP GATEWAY
&
ADMINISTRATION

•SAP Gateway is the communication interface for

the Open Data (OData) protocol in an AS ABAP. It is
located between SAP systems and the outside
world.

•It is used to establish communication between SAP

and Non – SAP System and also between different
SAP systems

•SAP Gateway is used to exchange data via OData.

•Note: SAP Gateway must not be confused with the

dispatcher’s RFC Gateway process – the latter is still
used for communications via RFC.
Activate/Deactivate Gateway service
T-code – SPRO
ARCHITECTURE
OF SAP CUA

• Central User Administration is a

feature in SAP that helps to
streamline multiple users account
management on different clients in
a multi SAP systems environment.
This feature is laudable when
similar user accounts are created
and managed on multiple clients.
Why do we need CUA?

• CUA or central use administration is actually configured to save the

money and resource to manage large and similar user exist in many
system in the landscape. This tool help us to manage all the user master
record centrally from on client of the system.
• Complex system landscapes
• Manual Maintenance of user information in all the available systems
• Tedious Administrative task
• Complex administrative job may lead to Security problems
ARCHITECTURE OF DATABASE
(SAP HANA)

• In an SAP system, the task of the

database is to save the application
data persistently.
• In a system of the SAP Business Suite,
databases from different vendors are
used (called “AnyDB” in this lesson), as
well as SAP HANA, SAP’s own in-
memory database.
• The SAP S/ 4HANA system runs on the
SAP HANA database.
 HOW TO START/STOP SAP INSTANCES
•Command to start an instance -
sapcontrol –nr <PAS/ASCS/DB/ERS/WEBD Instance no.> - function Start/StartSystem
•Command to stop an instance -
sapcontrol –nr <PAS/ASCS/DB/ERS/WEBD Instance no.> - function Stop/StopSystem

•Command to check status of an instance -

sapcontrol –nr <PAS/ASCS/DB/ERS/WEBD Instance no.> - function GetSystemInstanceList

sapcontrol –nr <PAS/ASCS/DB/ERS/WEBD Instance no.> - function GetProcessList
 • START/STOP PAS - • START/STOP ERS -
SAP BASIS • sapcontrol –nr 30 - function • sapcontrol –nr 41 -
Start/StartSystem function
ADMIN Start/StartSystem

TASKS • START/STOP ASCS -

• sapcontrol –nr 31 - function • START/STOP WEBD -
Start/StartSystem • sapcontrol –nr 01 -
function
Start/StartSystem
• START/STOP AAS -
• sapcontrol –nr 30 - function
Start/StartSystem • START/STOP DATABASE (SAP
HANA) -
• sapcontrol –nr 00 -
function
Start/StartSystem
Profile
Administration
Edit Profile
Display Profile
Display All Profiles
 rdisp/* - Dispatcher

login/* - Login & Password Policy Parameters

system/*, ztta/* - Memory Parameters/Host/System related

SAP Profiles parameters

Configuration abap/* - ABAP related parameters

Parameters *trace* - Trace Parameters

rsau/* - Audit Parameters

Other Profile Parameters are Gateway, RFC, ICM, ICF, SNC and
more.
Editing
Profile

RZ10
Display
Profile

RZ11
Display All
Parameters
• RPFSAR
 • Background job is a non-interactive process that runs behind the
Background Job normal interactive operations.
• They run in parallel and don't disturb interactive processes and
Administration operations,
• T-Code SM36
Operation Mode Administration
• Operation modes are generally different sets of work process that can be setup to change at different
hours of the day
• Main reason to use an operation mode is to invoke more background work processes to run at night
when fewer dialog users are on the system.

• It is scheduled
from SM36
and SM37
Spool Administration
• All devices, servers, and so on that are involved in printing are defined and managed in spool
administration.
• Transaction Code is SPAD
 User Administration
• Depending on business needs and
configuration of HANA system, there are
different user activities that can be performed
using administration tools like.

• Create Users
• Grant roles to users
• Define and Create Roles
• Deleting Users SU01
• Resetting User Passwords
• Reactivating Users
• Deactivating Users

• To start user-maintenance we have to use the

transaction code SU01

• And for mass user creation, we can use SU10.

SU10
ICM
Administration
Internet
Converts HTTP requests to SAP
Communication requests
Manager
SMICM
SAP ICM Parameters
Deactivating
ICM
ICF
Administration
 Internet Communication
Framework
ICF is a framework that activates internet related services like WebGUI.
T-Code for ICF administration

SICF
Activating –
Deactivating
WebGUI in
SICF
Web Dispatcher
Load
balancing
Single access point

Auto Configuration, Fetches system

information from Back-end.

Request Filter

Load Balancing and Re encryption

SAP Connect & SMTP
SAP Connect

is an interface for external communication, such as fax, text msgs(pager, sms)),

e-mail, x.400, and printers b/w different SAP systems.
 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP
We can send mails and texts
using our sap systems, with
the help of sap connect and
smtp.
SCOT for administrating SAP Connect
SBWP - SAP Business Work-Place
For sending and receiving messages.
ERS Administration
Enqueue Server

Enqueue does the lock

management, it locks the
It is generally installed in ABAP
database when more than one
and ASCS server.
user edits the data, for data
consistency.
Enqueue Replication Server

Enqueue Replication Server It must be installed in

handles the unsaved data, different server than ASCS
in case of the server gets and ABAP server. It can be
down. To avoid data loss. installed in database server.
SMENQ for
the
administration
of ERS
SAP BASIS MONITORING
MONITORING WORKPROCESS

• To display an overview of the work processes of the application server where

you are logged on, call transaction SM50
• It shows the status of type of work process and their status. By double
clicking on the row of respective process we can see the details about the
kind of programs it is running and SQL statements, database activities and
extended memory allocation while the process is running.
SM66

•Transaction code SM66 is used

to quickly investigate the
potential cause of a system
performance problem by
checking the work process load
 SM50 will display the work Process Overview of the
Difference current application server.

SM51 will display the SAP servers and u can select

the particular server and check the work process
running on that application server on clicking on
any work process it will take u to that application
server.

SM66 Global work Process Overview, That means it

is having all the servers running with in an
organization/company etc. When you again double
click on any one of the server at that time is shows
SM50 of that particular server
MONITORING USER’S

Transaction code SM04 shows

the list of the users which are
logged on to the instance in
We can monitor users by calling
which are currently logged in.
the transaction code SM04
The total number of users and
sessions are given at the
bottom of the list.
AL08 &SM04

• Transaction code AL08 shows the list of all the users who are logged on to the
system globally or for all the instances in the system which are active
• T-code SM04 display the list of the users which are currently logged on to the
instance. Also, the total number of users and sessions are given at the bottom of the
list.
• In other words, t-code SM04 display a user overview for one dispatcher.
• T-code AL08 display the list of all the users who are logged on to the system globally
or for all the instances in the system which are active.
• In other words, t-code AL08 display users in the entire system.
 To monitor lock entries we need to
use the t-code SM12

MONITOR SM12 is a transaction code in SAP

LOCK Basis application with the description
— Display and Delete Locks.
ENTRIES
The purpose of the lock mechanism is
to prevent two transactions from
changing the same data on the
database simultaneously.
MONITORING BACKGROUND JOBS

To simplify data entry and speed up

delta calculation, a background job is
We can monitor background jobs by scheduled during the configuration
using SM37 t-code and SM36 t-code of SAP Solution Manager that
is used to create background jobs automatically collects all the
required information from the
managed systems.
MONITORING
ICM
PROCESSESS
• Transaction code SMICM is used
to monitor and
administrate the Internet
Communication
Manager, which sends and
receives requests to and from
the Internet.
 • Transaction code SM51 is to display a list
MONITORIN of active application servers that
have registered in the SAP message
G server. Further, you can manage & display
the status, users, and work processes in
SAP SERVER all application servers belonging to the
SAP System
SAP BASIS - TOOLS
 • Download & extract “SAPWEBDISP.SAR” FILE
• Move to the location of “SAPWEBDISP.SAR” file
command: cd/s4hana2021/SWPM
• ./sapinst SAPINST_USE_HOSTNAME=s4hanaprd
• Copy the URL and paste in browser
• Keep the command on running mode.
INSTALL SAP
WEBDISPATCH
ER
Paste the URL and enter the details
Define parameters
Review Parameter
Execute Service
Service Completed
 Monitor web dispatcher
• Web Dispatcher – username: webadm & password: Cetus@2020
https://s4hanaprd.test.com:44301/sap/wdisp/admin
SAP BASIS –
SYSTEM
MONITORING
RZ20 COMPUTING CENTER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
• Computing Center Management
System (CCMS) is a SAP
monitoring capability.
• Use this capability to report
CCMS alerts for multiple SAP
systems to a central monitoring
hub.
ST01 SYSTEM TRACE

• If you want to record the internal

SAP system activities, such as
authorization checks, database
accesses, kernel functions, and
RFC calls, use the System Trace
function
ST02 TUNING OF THE MAIN MEMORY
ST04 MONITOR DATABASE
PERFORMANCE

•ST04 is used to monitor

database performance. It
provides all kind of historical
data and statistics so database
performance can be evaluated
ST05 PERFORMANCE TRACE ANALYSIS
ST06 THE OS MONITOR
DB01 MONITORING LOCKWAITS
DB02 ANALYZE AND MONITOR DATABASE STATISTICS
 DB03 FILES CHANGE HISTORY
• DB03 is used to display and change the current database parameters online, check the status and validity of
the database parameters and display the history of the database parameters.
 DB12 BACKUP CATALOG
collects and presents information that is necessary to monitor database backups.
 DB13 BACKUP CATALOG

DBA Planning Calendar

SM12 ENQUEUE ADMINISTRATION
SM21 DISPLAY THE SYSTEM LOG
SM13 UPDATE REQUESTS
ST22 ABAP RUNTIME ERRORS
ST22 USER SESSIONS
SM04/AL08 USER SESSIONS
SM50 WORK PROCESS
SM66 WORK PROCESS OF ALL AS INSTANCES
 SM51 SERVER STATUS

Display list of active application servers that have registered in the SAP message server
DBACOCKPIT-SYSTEM CONFIGURATION MAINTENANCE
 SUIM-USER INFORMATION SYSTEM

• SUIM is useful tool for searching roles and

profiles. If you want to assign a list of
transactions to particular user ID, then you
can search the roles by transaction
assignment in SUIM and assign those roles to
that user ID.
SMICM-ICM MONITOR
SMGW GATEWAY MONITORING
SMMS MESSAGE SERVER MONITOR
SICF-MAINTAIN SERVICES FOR HTTP
SAP Instance:
A group of Processes running concurrently with allocated system resources to facilitate functioning of SAP.

Types of SAP Instances

Dialog Instance

Central Instance

Database Instance
SAP UI
LAYERS
SAP PROTOCOLS

RFC BAPI

IDoc SOAP

SAP
REST
HANA
SAP PORTS