Performance Analysis of Stationary and Moving V2V Communications using NS3

Divyanshu Gupta, Aditi Uppal, Ayushi Walani, Devanshi SIngh

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, B.Tech ECE (NBA Accredited)
Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Abstract Introduction
• The recent advancements in Intelligent Transport System (ITS) provide a way • IEEE 802.11s enables a pairwise master key (PMK) within two mesh stations
• Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is expected to exhibit a flexible
towards more efficient, safe and comfortable driving. For this purpose, it has been which can be used to encrypt each other’s frame whereas in IEEE 802.11p,
routing method as vehicles enter and leave rapidly. Both, proactive
seen over the past few years, V2V communication systems has come into limelight with the help of wireless networks vehicular safety communication can be
and reactive modes are used in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol
which is a vital part of the ITS. optimized and the main concern of IEEE 802.11p is to broadcast messages
thus it is expected to give optimum results.
• The amendment of IEEE 802.11 which deals with the mesh topology is IEEE reception performance.
• To analyse that, in this paper, we have used IEEE 802.11p and IEEE
802.11s. Also, the routing capabilities at the MAC layer has been introduced which • The data packets to be sent of those of non-safety applications can be
802.11s for static and moving vehicles working under mesh
has been described by the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) concept in 802.11s. The successfully directed by Wireless Access for Vehicular Network (WAVE)
topology.
dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) spectrum has a bandwidth of 75 which operates in the range of Dedicated Short-Range Communication
• The performance evaluation is accomplished by simulation on
MHz in 5.9-GHz band which was projected and licensed to support the Vehicle to (DSRC).
Network simulator 3 (NS-3) followed by visualizing the model on
Everything (V2X) communications. It is being standardized as IEEE 802.11p. It is an • A hybrid routing protocol can be formed by combining reactive and
NetAnim and measuring the performance of network protocols in
extended version of the standard IEEE 802.11 for high-speed vehicular proactive routing protocols.
FlowMonitor. Throughput, Packet Delivery Function (PDF) and
environment. Vehicles are fully managed with the short-range wireless
packet sizes are parameters that have been evaluated.
communication technology, in general Dedicated Short-Range Communications.

System Model
• This section illustrates the traffic scenario and intervehicle communication allocate random positions within a rectangle according to a pair of
respectively, and indicate the specific metrics and assumptions of the proposed random variables.
VANET model. The performance is being analyzed using simulation performed on • To deploy the changes in node position during simulation Constant
NS3. As vehicular communications are based on safety message broadcasting Velocity Mobility Model is used according to which nodes in adhoc
between neighboring vehicles, performance is measured in terms of broadcast mode move with a constant speed, set at the start, in a straight
message reception rate. IEEE 802.11p as well as IEEE 802.11s are the standards line. The nodes have a variable speed within the range of 60-80
used for message delivery. The performance in terms of following metrics is being km/hr and a backoff interval of 0.1 sec is provided to restrain
measured and compared: simultaneous transmission from multiple devices.
- Packet delivery function (PDF) • In order to study the impact of the increase in information
- Throughput required to be delivered, the packet size is varied from 64
• where PDF is calculated as ratio of number of packets received to the number of bytes/sec to 2048 bytes/sec in increasing power of 2. For the
packets transmitted for the duration of simulation time and Throughput is propagation modelling, we have utilised Nakagami Fading Channel
calculated as the rate at which data frame bytes are received in comparison to the Fig. 1 Static and Moving system scenarios for 16 nodes model. The parameters used in NS3 VANET simulations are
total information conveyed in the network. mentioned in the simulation parameters section.
• As per IEEE 802.11p standard, the vehicle first checks for the transmission • The wireless connectivity is established using WMN. Mesh
medium. When the channel is observed to be free for a certain duration of time, • In the second scenario all the nodes are in motion i.e., all the vehicles
networks allow properties to be installed into IEEE 802.11
the vehicle begins to transmit the packet immediately. Otherwise, the vehicle move freely in either direction within their specified range of speed.
standard. In wireless mesh networks nodes share their topological
waits for the channel to become idle and then, it randomly selects a backoff value The setup of both the scenarios are the same i.e., a V2V
and routing information. The category of mesh networking used is
taken from a given range of integer numbers, called Contention Window. A communication system is modelled in a grid area of 300×300 m2.
Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP). HWMP is implemented
backoff counter is set taking any random value from the Contention Window and Initial positions of the nodes are set as per the position allocator
using two classes: HwmpProtocol and HwmpProtocolMac. HWMP,
is decremented with every idle slot detected. Channel’s access is given to the model and the distance between each vehicle is 50 m. The scenario is
here, is also responsible for filtering broadcast data frames and
node when the counter drops to zero. The vehicles establish multi-hop then represented as shown in Fig. 1.
adding/parsing mesh control header apart from routing.
communication with other vehicles within the broadcasting range. • The nodes in the cluster as modelled offer an efficient communication
HwmpProtocol and are managed as defined by standard. NS-3
• Thus, proceeding with model development - two scenarios are considered for for study. The position of static nodes is allocated through simulation
simulator provides a realistic environment and its source code is
respective simulations. For the rest of the article, each node represents each code using Grid Position Allocator which allocates position to nodes in
well organized. Tracing facilities for output and small units of
vehicle. Nodes are set to broadcasting mode. Receivers never acknowledge a rectangular 2D grid whereas, the position of the moving vehicles is
information is attached to each packet.
broadcast frames. In the first scenario all the nodes are static i.e., stationary. allocated using Random Rectangle Position Allocator which is used to

Result Simulation Parameters

Name of the Parameter Values
Fig. 2 Throughput vs Packet size for static 16 nodes Fig. 3 PDF vs Packet size for static 16 nodes
• Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 contain plots for static scenario Total simulation time 60 sec
having a total of 16 nodes, respectively, whereas Packet frequency 10 Hz
Fig. 4, Fig. 4 contain plots for moving scenario Data Rate 6 Mbps
having 16 nodes. Each figure has two plot lines
in it, dotted line represents performance of IEEE Packet size 64 - 2048 Bytes
802.11p and straight line represents the Transmitter power 21.5
performance of IEEE802.11s.
Transmitter gain 2
• Comparison done in plots are packet size vs
Throughput and packet size vs PDF with packet Receiver gain 2
size in their x-axis. It can be observed that in all Energy detection -83.0
cases a directly proportional relationship is threshold
obtained between packet size and throughput propagation loss model Nakagami Propagation
whereas in case of packet size and PDF all the Loss Model
scenarios show an inversely proportional Mac address of mesh “ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff”
relationship. point
• Performance of IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 802.11s
when compared with respect to throughput is
nearly same in every scenario. IEEE 802.11p
starts to perform slightly better when the packet
Conclusion
Fig. 4 Throughput vs Packet size for moving 16 nodes Fig. 5 PDF vs Packet size for moving 16 nodes
size is increased the difference observed here • We have examined the performance of IEEE
also increases i.e., the difference is 180 kb/sec at 802.11p and IEEE 802.11s for stationary as well as
512 Bytes to 1833.8 kb/sec at 2048 Bytes. moving vehicles.
• When performance of both protocols is • Parameters evaluated were throughput and PDF.
compared with respect to PDF a dissimilarity can It can be observed from the plots obtained from
be observed. When the nodes are in static simulations that IEEE 802.11s performs better
condition i.e. with zero mobility, 802.11s when the vehicles are stationary whereas IEEE
performs marginally better but when the nodes 802.11p performs better when the vehicles are in
are in mobility, IEEE 802.11p surpasses IEEE motion.
802.11s in performance and gives much better • In future, we will design and inspect the
result. performance of hybrid model which uses IEEE
802.11p when the vehicles are in motion and IEEE
802.11s when vehicles are stationary.

References
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Publication
Communicated and Accepted at INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Smart Communication and Imaging Systems, MEDCOM 2020. Organized by Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology &
Management, Greater Noida.