JIMMA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF HEALTH
FACULITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
BY: PC-I MEDICAL
STUDENTS CBTP PHASE I
JIMMA, ETHIOPIA
JUNE ,2024

PLACE IN
KITIMBILE KEBELE
List of team Members
No Name ID
1 Markeza Bisrat Ru 0175/14
2 Mina kasim Ru 0042/14
3 Meryem Mohammed sani Ru 1038/14
4 Meseret Gebru Ru 0194/14
5 Mintesnot Belachew Ru 2041/14
6 Mikiyas Fikre Ru 2328/14
7 Meka Argaw Ru 0515/14
8 Mintesnot Fekadu Ru 1602/14
9 Makira Alemayew Rt 10005/14
10 Mohammedin Muhidin Ru 0628/14
11 Nafyad Girma Ru 2430/13
 Cont’d
12 Nardos Mekonnen Ru 1929/14

13 Natan Asefa Ru 0185/14

14 Meaza Seyum Ru 1637/14

15 Ibtisam Akmel Rt 10059/16

17 Mubarek Bedaso Ru 2841/14

18 Mesay Tamrat Ru 2072/14

19 Mubarik Siraj Ru 2327/14

20 Firomsa Assefa Ru 0097/14

21 Chudier Getwech Thoan RT 10006/16

22 Negasso Kapitano Ru 0547/14

23 Naol Delelegn Ru 4685/14

24 Nanati Sura Ru 0734/14

25 Asnakech Milashu Ru5088/08

 Outlines
 Introduction
 Objective
 Methods and Materials
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Recommendation
 Problem identification and prioritization
 Action plan
 Acknowledgement
 References
 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
 The following definitions are taken from Oxford dictionary:
 Socio-demographic characteristics: is the statistical and
quantitative study of characteristics of human population size,
growth, age and sex distribution and vital statistics are included
in the data.
 Literate: A person who is able to read and write at specified age
and to use written language.
 Illiterate: A person who is not able to understand or to use
written languages atspecified age and to use written language.
 Other Relative: A person who is related in blood marriage.
 Non Relative: A person who is not related to husband or wife in
blood or marriage.
 Income: is the annual economic resource obtaining by
household.
Cont’d
 Means of communication: the way or mechanism in which
the community get information (radio, TV, press output,
magazines…etc.)
 Vital Statistics: is the statistics relating to the number of birth,
death, marriage and health
 Morbidity: A state of being diseased i.e. the number of sick
people or the case of disease in relation to a specific population.
 Mortality: the state of being subject to death.
 Crude death rate: is the total number of deaths to residents in
a specified geographic area.
 Crude birth rate: is the number of live births occurring among
thepopulation of a given geographic area
Cont’d
Traditional birth attendant: birth attendants who
attends birth out of health institution.
 Trained traditional birth attendant: birth attendants
who attend birth out of health institution and who are
trained.
Professional birth attendant: birth attendants who
attend birth in the healthinstitution with scientific skill
and knowledge.
 Still Birth: is a birth in which the baby born is dead.
 Live Birth: is a birth in which the baby is born alive.
 Introduction
1.1 Background of CBE
 Jimma University is a higher educational institution which is well
known for its CBE. Establishing its position in south west of Ethiopia it
aspires to train high caliber professionals at graduate and postgraduate
levels through its innovate community-based education program
(CBTP), Team Training Program (TTP), Development Team Training
Program (DTTP) and Student Research Program (SRP). It took up the
challenge and incorporates Community Based Education (CBE) in the
curriculum. CBE in general was started in 1975 in Kingston, Jamaica. In
1983 it started to be implemented in Jimma University it being among
the first to practice CBE is among its uniqueness.
 Community Based Education (CBE) is a means of achieving
educational relevance to community needs. It consists of learning
activities that uses the community extensively as a learning
environment. Students, teacher, members of the community and
representatives of other sectors are actively and continuously engaged in
Cont’d
…The recognition of the importance of community-based
training as Community development problem-solving
mechanism was documented since 1940s (Trostle, 1986;
WHO, 1987). (1)
 CBE evolved from the field of community development
that grew in the industrialization model of the mid-1900.
The best substitute for the word “development,” are terms
that are more supportive of process concepts such as
advancement; betterment; capacity building; empowerment;
and nurturing, hence, community development is shortly
defined as “the capacity of people to work collectively in
addressing their common interests. (2) (Maser, 1997).
Significance of the study
 CBE helps students to understand the problems that the Community faces. Some
advantages the study provides includes
 The Study helps us to examine the social makeup, birth and Death (Vital
Statistics) and health related issues
 Through this project students not only gain awareness of major societal
problems but by participating, students gain valuable experience working
Collaboratively, developing essential team work.
 This program festers abridge of understanding between the community and
students.
 Equips Students with skills necessary to conduct research effectively
 The study will help us to plan and design future intervention programs that will
be relevant to the study area
 heaps Students develop their problem-solving skills by Understanding the root
cause and exploring potential answers
 *Finally, CPTP's outcome will provide valuable foundation for future Studies
and heath planning efforts, ultimately contributing to heathier society
 2.OBJECTIVE

2.1 General Objective

• To assess the basic socio-demographic
characteristics, means of communication,
annual Income, vital statistics and
morbidity in kitimbile community.
Cont'd
2.2 Specific Objective
To assess socio-demographic status of the study community
(kitimbile kebele).
 -To determine means of communication of study community
(kitimbile kebele).
 -To determine the basic vital statistics of indicators in study
community(kitimbile kebele).
-To assess the annual family income of residents in study
community(kitimbile kebele).
-To identify house numbering, zoning and mapping in study
community(kitimbile kebele).
Cont'd…
-To identify health and health related data in study
community(kitimbile kebele).
-To identify the problem in the kebele and prioritize the
problem identified in the kebele.
-To forward reccomendations based on the problem
identified in the community.
-To set the action plan for intervention based on the
problem identified in the community.
3.METHODS AND MATERIALS
3.1 Discription Of Study Area
 The study was conducted in Jimma zone karsaa wereda

kitimbile kebele with total population of 6424 and total house

hold 1200.
 The boundaries of the kebele:-in the East bounded by Bulbul, in
the West Tikur belto, in the north Kuusayee Beeru , in the south
Omonaada and in the south west Away Sabbu .
 The direction of the study kebele with jimma town is 30km in
the east direction .
 Note, the detail of study area description was provided in the
background of the study community as presented before.
Note, the detail of
study area
description was
provided in the
background of the
study community as
presented before

Figure 3.1 Map of Kitimbile Kebele 2024 GC

3.2 Discription Of Study Period
 The study period was conducted from june 4– 7, 2024 GC.

3.3 Discription Of Study Design

 Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in
the community.
3.4 Discription Of Source Population
 All household in Kitimbile kebele.

3.5 Discription Of Study Population

 The Selected sampled households (250) which are found in
kitimbile kebele
3.6 Discription Of Sample Size Determination
 The sample was determined by using single population

sample determination formula as shown below….

 Prevalence P = 50%

(To obtain the maximum sample size)

 Level of significance d =5%

 Level of confidence = 95% (Zα/2 = 1.96)

Therefore to determine the sample size used by this formula
Sample size (n) = (Za/2)2 p (1-p)
d2 = 1.962x0.5 (1-0.5) 0.052
=384
Therefore the final sample size (n) is 384.
NF= (n/ (1+n/N))
Where NF = the minimum sample size
n= sample size
N=total number of households
NF=384/ (1+ (384/1200)) =290
To get sampling interval (K)
K=N/nf K=1200/290= 4.14
Where, k= sampling interval
N= no of house hold
nf = sample size
1200/290=4
3.7 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Systematic random sampling technique was used (At
regular interval).
3.8 DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Using semi structure questionnaire through face to face
interview.
3.9 Data Quality Control
Data quality control is very mandatory in research
fields since it helps to maintain highest level of
viability and utility of the undergoing research. In our
case, a number operational methods has been applied
in order to control quality of gathered data.
Applied operational methods are:
- Strict data evaluation processes
- Assurable data figuring techniques
- Storing data safely
-Consistent mathematical and statical formulas for
calculation purposes
- Constant editing and peer reviewing of data
- Meaningful and reasonable interpretation data.
Besides those applied operational and technical stategies of
data quality control, our selected supervisor has also been at
the position guiding and advising us on how about achieving
data quality.
3.10 Plan For Distributing The Result
A single mother document has been prepared after data
tallying and processing.
A copy of document has been disseminated among
supervisors and reported to CBE coordinating office.
3.11 Ethical Consideration
In most of field researches some investigative and
administrative permission is not only crucial but also
obligatory to conduct the presumably planned tasks.
Taking this into advisement the following steps has
been considered.
-Supportive letter was written from JU CBE
coordinating office to kebele admistration with detailed
explanation about what would be done, purposes and
timeframe of the research.
 -Students were briefed about social, cultural,
economical and political landscape of Kitimbille kebele's
community. This helped the students to know about
general lifestyle of the society specially about norms of
the community which in return enabled the students to
understand, approach and act accordingly.
-Kebele administratives where also actively guiding and
informing the students.
-Eventually leaving letter was provided by kitimbille
kebele administration.
3.12 Challenges Encountered And Solution Made
-Unwilligness of some respondents to give accurate
informations about questionaries.
- Widely scattered houses and lack of clues about leading
roads to houses.
-In some houses only elderly people or kids were
presenting and we were enforced to left without asking any
informations.
-Langauge barriers to some extent.
-Closed homes.
-Sometimes difficult weather conditions
-Avoiding exposing about their actual income.
Solution
Revisiting missed and previously jumped houses
because of absence families at home.
Allocating students who can speak local language and
knows norms among each subgroups.
Households expanditure level was asked indirectly to
know their income.
Widely scatterd houses were tirelessly covered
regardless of the difficulties.
3.13 Limitations

Recall bias (about the age and income etc.)

Unwillingness to respond to the questionaries
3.14 VARIABLES
Variables are properties or characteristics of some
events, objects or person that can take a different
values for the same parameters.
We have two types of variables based their respective
association with parameter under investigation.
Cont’d
1.Dependent Variables 2.Independant Variables

: are studied under the : It is a variable that stands

supposition or demand that they alone and isn't changed by
depend, by some law or rule (e.g.,
the other variables you are
by a mathematical function), on
the values of other variables. trying to measure.
E.g: E.g:
Morbity Age,Educational
Mortality status
Birth and Sex,Marital status
Annual income are
Educational
dependant variables.
status........
Variables;
 Age

 Sex

 Religions

 Ethnicity

 Occupational status

 Annual income

 Means of communication
 Marital status

 Vital registration

 Morbidity ( in last 2 weeks)

 Mortality (in last 12 month)

 Crude death rate (Total number of death in last 12 month in the population)

 Crude birth rate( Total number of birth in last 12 month in the population)

 Total fertility rate( Total number of fertility in last 12 month in population

 Educational status (Literate and Illiterate)

 Place of delivery (HI, TTBA and Home)_x0000_
 3.15 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table 5.1: Showed the age frequency and distribution of socio-demographic characteristics
of the study community at kitimbile kebele from June 04-07 , 2024.
Age Frequency %

I. Socio-demographic Characteristics Survey 127 9.22%

0-4 Age Distribution

172 12.49%
5-9
181 13.14
10-14
258 18.74%
15-19
158 11.47%
20-24
113 8.21%
25-29
91 6.61%
30-34
52 3.78%
35-39
72 5.23%
40-44
46 3.34%
45-49
35 2.54%
50-54
22 1.60%
55-59
30 2.18%
60-64
20 1.45%
>65
Total 1377 100.00%
 Population Pyramid based on Age Distribution

Figure 5.2 Showed the distribution of

Figure 5.1: population pyramid of Ethiopia in 2024 population pyramid of kitimbile kebele in 2024.

The age of 0-4 is 9.22% this is lower compared to the national level14.5% resulting in
a 5.28% difference. This is due to the economic, social and cultural structure of the Kitimbil
kebele. The other ages are the almost the same as the national level.
 Sex Distribution
 Females are slightly higher than Males in Kitimbile

sex
male female

46%

54%

Total=1377, Male=630 ,Female=747

Figure 5.3 Showed the Sex distributions in Kitimbile kebele June 4-7, 2024
 Relationship Status
 In Kitimbile kebele the number of sons and daughters is higher than the other categories
Non relatives is the least in number only containing one person.

Figure 5.3 Shows the relationship status in Kitimbile kebele June 4-7, 2024.
 Ethnicity
Most of the population living in kitimbile is oromo which is about over 99%.

ETHNICITY

Other 0

Keffa 5

ETHNICITY

Amhara 0

Oromo 1367

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Figure 5.5 showed Ethnicity distributions in Kitimbile kebele June 04-07, 2024.
 Religious Status
Most of people living in kitimbile kebele follow islam which is about over 98% and there
are few people who are orthodox and protestant.

RELIGION

Protestant 4.5

Catholic 0

RELIGION

Orthodox 18

Muslim 1426

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Figure 5.6 Showed the distribution Religious diversity in Kitimbile kebele June 4-7, 2024.
 Educational status
oThe number of literate in Kitmbile kebele is about 72.28% and the remaining population,
27.72% are illiterate.
Table 5.2: Showed the distribution Educational status of Kitmbile kebele. June 4-7, 2024.

Status Frequency %

Illiterate 359 27.72

Literate

Write and read 72 5.6

1-4 211 16.3

5-8 358 27.65

9-10 169 13.05

11-12 119 9.18

>12 7 0.5

Total 1295 100

 Marital status
The study reveals the majority of the people living in this kebele is single and the smallest
are divorced.

Martial status

600

500

400

590
300 532

200

7 12
100

0
Married Single Divorced Widowed

Fig;distribution of martial status of kitimbile kebele

Figure 5.7 Showed the distribution of Marital statuses in Kitimbile kebele June 4-7, 2024.
 Occupational status
Occupation Total Percentile
Farmer 484 35.1%
Government employee 6 0.4%
Merchant 36 2.6%
Solider 7 0.5%
Student 388 28.2%
Shepherd 6 0.4%
Black Smith 0 0
Carpenter 2 0.1%
Tella seller 0 0
Weaver 0 0
Unemployed 16 1.2%
House wife 132 9.6%
Bar tender 0 0
Under/Over age 284 20.6%
other 16 1.2%
Total 1377 100%

Table 5.3: Showed the distribution of Occupational status of Kitimbile kebele .June 4-7, 2024.
 II. Means of communication survey
The most common used devices for communication and information source purpose in this
kebele are radio and then telephones

Figure 5.8 Showed the distribution of Means of communication in Kitimbile kebele June 4-
7, 2024.
 III. Annual Income
The majority of people living in kitimbile kebele is under the low
income category based on the Ethiopian demographic and health
survey(EDHS).

Level of income Frequency %

Low income (<9515) 202 83.13

Middle income (9515-33,660) 40 16.46

High income(>33,660) 1 0.4

Table 5.4: Showed the distribution Annual income status of Kitimbile kebele. June 4-7, 2024.

• When we look at both the national level and kitimbile

kebele based on EDHS. Both are found under low level
income interval (<9515).
 IV. Vital statistics survey
Measure Of Fertility
During the last 12 months the crude birth rate of Kitimbile kebele is 19.6 per 1000
population. The national CBR is 31.44 and the study area CBR is less than the national by
11.7 which shows the population is growing slower than the national.
Table 5.5: Showed the distribution of Birth status and age specific fertility rate in Kitimbile
kebele. June, 2024.
Age of the Status of birth
Mothers
Live birth Still birth
Male Female Total percentile

15-19 1 2 3 11.11% 0

20-24 3 2 5 18.5% 0

25-29 5 7 12 44.44% 0

30-34 3 2 5 18.5% 0

35-39 0 2 2 7.4% 0

Total 27 100% 0
 Place Of Delivery
Place of delivery
7.50%

Home
HI

92.50%

Fig 5.9 Showed the distribution of Place of delivery status in Kitimbile kebele June, 2024.
 Attendant Of Delivery
Attendant of delivery

4%
8%

TTBA
Proffesional
Untrained

89%

Figure 5.10 Showed the distribution of the attendant of delivery in Kitimbile Kebele June
04-07, 2024.
 Measure Of Morbidity
The major causes of morbidity was diarrhea.

Table 5.6 shows the distribution of aliments of sickness in the last 12 months appeared in kitimbile kebele
June 04-07,2024.

Age Ailments Total Percentile

Fever Diarrhea Cough Others
0-4 1 6 1 0 8 18.18%

5-9 0 2 0 2 4 9.09%

10-14 0 2 0 1 3 6.8%

15-19 1 2 0 1 4 9.09%

20-24 0 0 0 2 2 4.5%

25-29 0 2 0 0 2 4.5%

30-34 1 2 1 3 7 15.9%

35-39 0 1 0 1 2 4.5%

40-44 0 1 0 1 2 4.5%

45-49 0 0 1 3 4 9.09%

50-54 0 3 1 2 6 13.6%
 MORTALITY
The crude death rate is 5.8 per 1000 people. This is also lower compared to the national
level (29.3 per 1000 people).

 Table 5.8: Showed the distribution of cause of death in the last 12 month in
Kitimbile Kebele June 04-07, 2024.
Age of death Cause of the disease Total Percentile
0-4 diarrhoea 1 12.5%
5-9 Pneumonia 1 12.5%
10-14 0
15-19 0
20-24 Hypertension 1 12.5%
25-29 0
30-34 0
35-39 0
40-44 Hypertension 1 12.5%
45-49 0
50-54 0
55-59 0
60-64 Aging 2 25%
65+ Aging 2 25%
 3.16 Conclusion and
Conclusion
Recommendation
The demographic composition of Kitibile primarily consists of Oromo Muslims, with a slightly
higher female-to-male ratio.
A significant number of residents are single and literate.
The most common means of accessing information is through radio and television.
Majority of the households fall under the lower annual income bracket.
Agriculture is the predominant occupation, and health concerns, particularly those related
to coughs and fevers, are prevalent.

In terms of communication and information access, radio and television are the most widely
used media among Kitibile residents . These traditional broadcasting platforms provide
essential news updates, entertainment, and educational content that cater to diverse
audiences.
Cont’d
 Economically, a majority of households in Kitibile fall under the lower
annual income group (World Bank, 2019). This economic status can be
attributed to their primary occupation being agriculture – a sector that
remains vulnerable to external factors such as climate change and
market fluctuation. Despite these challenges, farming continues to be
the main source of livelihood for most residents in Kitibile.

 Regarding health concerns, diseases related to coughs and fevers are

prevalent within this community. These conditions could be linked to
various factors such as poor living conditions or lack of access to
adequate healthcare services. Addressing these health issues requires
targeted interventions from local authorities and international
organizations working in collaboration with community members.
Recommendation
To address the issue identified in our study, it is crucial
for kebele administrative bodies and other stakeholders
to take actionable steps towards enhancing the income of
low-income communities. This can be achieved through
community mobilization and active participation
To address the electricity shortage issue in Kitibile
community, collaborative efforts from various
administrative levels are necessary. These include the
kitibile administrative level, zone administration,
regional administration, and negotiations with the
government electric supply

Cont’d
Students drop out from the school is one of the problems so
the kitibile administrative and the family should discuss and
make an effort to prevent school dropout.
 In our study result illiteracy was one of the major problem
therefore different state holders should make an effort to
counteract or to reduce illiteracy and encourage and
promote education.
 Cough is a common health issue identified during the study
period. To mitigate and potentially eliminate this problem,
administrative bodies and state holders should prioritize
creating awareness campaigns within communities
regarding the causes of cough-related diseases
Problem Identified Based On The Result
1.Low average annual income with family member
 Adequate and stable income is essential for a family to meet
their basic needs, including shelter, clothing, food, and education.
Lack of balance in annual income among family members can
result in a poor living standard, increased susceptibility to health
conditions, and conflicts within the family.
2.Lack of facilities in health institutions
 Inadequate healthcare facilities and insufficiently trained
professionals in the remote areas of kitimbile resulted in many sick
children, pregnant mothers, and other patients receiving no
treatment at all. This lack of timely and appropriate care led to the
progression of acute diseases into chronic conditions, making what
could have been easily preventable diseases much more severe.
Cont’d
3.Illitracy rate is high.
4.Shortage of electricity is abundant.

Prioritize criteria: Criterias which are important to

identify prioritized problems these are:
Magnitude
Severity

Feasibility
Government concern
 Problem Prioritization Criteria
Magnitude Severity Government Feasibility Total
Problem concern
identified

Shortage of 4 5 5 5 19
electricity

Low income 4 4 5 5 18

High students drop 4 4 4 5 17

out from school

Illiteracy 4 4 4 4 16

Lack of awareness 3 3 5 3 14
about the risk of
home delivery

cough 4 2 2 3 11

Key: 1=very low, 2=low, 3=medium, 4= high, 5= very high

 Action plan based on Problem Prioritized
PROBL OBJECT Target Activities Strategie RESPO RESOU TIME
EM S IVES populati s NSIBLE RCES FRAME
on BODY

Cough To Discussin Creating Governm 2

related minimise Kitimbile g with the awarenes ent Micropho
health prevalenc kebele communi s Communi ne paper
problems e and people ty to providing ty banners
spread of prevent access to Group flares
pneumoni spread of water members mask
a and diseases
other
result in
cough
Illiteracy To Kitimbile Creating Increase JU school 2
individua kebele awarenes access to communi materials
l who people s education ties
read and al governme
write institutio nt
ns
 Cont...
n Governm School 2
increasin ent material
g the administ
number ration
of school The
nearby communi
ty
Group
members
High drop Increasin Kitimbile Stating Discussin Group Micropho 2
out g people kebele the use of g with the members ne
number who society attending communit Communi banners
attend High y to ty
High level create Governm
level education awarenes ent
education institution s that
institution s children
s should
attend
high
education
 Cont...
Lack To Kitimbil Discussi Creating Group Microph 2
sanitatio decrease e kebele ng with awarenes members one
n the people the s among Commu banner
prevalen commun the nity speakers
ce of ity society Govern Sanitary
diseases providin ment material
that g access s
caused to clean
due to water
lack of and
sanitatio advantag
n es of
keeping
sanitatio
n
References

1. Kitimble kebele administration

2. CBTP documentation
3. Central Statistical Agency (CSA) census (2007)
4. National Statistics Agency, EDHS 2005.
5. Ethiopian Demographic Survey-(2007)
6. WHO-World Report (of Ethiopia)-(2010)
7. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007
Population and Housing Census Results
8. Demographic and health survey
9. Federal democratic republic of Ethiopian central
statistical authority.
 Acknowledgment
 We would like to express our special thanks to the University
of Jimma for allowing us to be a part of this community based
training program. To gather all of this information in hopes of
understanding and creating a solution for the community
studied.
 We would also like to acknowledge our study community,
supervisor, Kitimbile kebele authorities, Jimma CBE office,
bus driver, cafeteria workers, and last but not least, our group
members. Each member brought unique skills and perspectives
that helped us overcome challenges and achieve our goals.
This experience has been invaluable in helping us develop our
skills and understanding of community-based participatory
research.
 t y
u ni
m m
e c o
t h
re in
e a
W
Thank you!