UNVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
Petroleum Chemistry, Synthetic Polymers
Dyes
Group one: Dyeing of fabrics
BRIEF HISTORY OF DYEING FABRICS
• Dyeing fabrics has a rich history dating back to ancient
civilizations such as Egypt, India, and China. The
earliest evidence of dyed fabrics dates back to
approximately 2600 BC. The Chinese developed
techniques such as resist dyeing (e.g., tie-dyeing and
batik) and achieved remarkable colour effects using
dyes extracted from plants like indigo and woad.
Introduction
Dyeing is the process of adding colour to the textile product like fiber,
yarn, and fabrics.
Dyes
Dyes are substances that are used to impart colour to various materials,
such as textiles, paper, plastics, and even biological specimens
Fabrics
Fabrics are flexible materials that are made by weaving, knitting, or
felting fibers together.
TYPES OF DYES
There are different types of dyes used in various, industries
including the textile industries. Here are some common types;
• Natural Dyes: Derived from natural sources such as plants,
insects, or minerals, these dyes have been used for centuries.
Examples include indigo, turmeric, cochineal, logwood,
madder and henna. Natural dyes can produce rich and unique
colours but may be less colourfast compared to synthetic
dyes.
Natural Dyes
TYPES OF DYES
• Synthetic Dyes: These dyes are artificially
synthesized through chemical processes. They
offer a wide range of colours and are often more
stable and resistant to fading than natural dyes.
Examples include: Acid Dyes,Basic Dyes,
Reactive Dyes, Vat Dyes and Disperse Dyes
Synthetic Dyes
DYES SUITABLE FOR FABRICS DYEING
When it comes to fabrics dyeing, there are several types of dyes that can be
used. Here are some common ones;
• Natural Dyes: Natural dyes are derived from plant sources, insects, or
minerals. They offer a range of earthy and subtle colors. Natural dyes can be
used on various fibers, including cotton, silk, wool, and linen. However, it's
important to note that natural dyes may require additional steps such as
mordanting to enhance color uptake and wash-fastness.
• Acid Dyes: Acid dyes are primarily used for dyeing protein fibers such as
wool, silk, and nylon. They require an acidic environment (typically achieved
with vinegar or citric acid) for dye uptake. Acid dyes offer a wide range of
vibrant colors and good wash-fastness.
DYES SUITABLE FOR FABRICS DYEING
• Direct Dyes: Direct dyes are versatile and can be used on a variety of fibers,
including cotton, silk, rayon, and wool. They can be applied directly to the
fabric without the need for a mordant. Direct dyes are known for producing
medium to dark shades and can be used in both hot and cold dyeing methods.
• Disperse Dyes: Disperse dyes are primarily used for synthetic fibers like
polyester, nylon, and acrylic. They are dispersed in a liquid medium and
require high heat to be absorbed by the fiber. Disperse dyes are commonly
used in textile printing and can achieve vibrant and long-lasting colors on
synthetic materials.
DYES SUITABLE FOR FABRICS DYEING
• Vat Dyes: Vat dyes are used for dyeing cotton, linen, and
other cellulosic fibers. They are known for their excellent
colorfastness and resistance to fading. Vat dyes require a
reducing agent (such as sodium hydrosulfite) and an
alkaline dye bath for the dyeing process
• Fiber Reactive Dyes: These dyes are widely used for dyeing
natural fibers like cotton, linen, rayon, and silk. They form a
strong covalent bond with the fiber, resulting in excellent colour
fastness. Fiber reactive dyes require the addition of soda ash or
another alkali to create an alkaline dye bath
DYEING TECHNIQUES
There are various techniques for dyeing fabric, each offering a unique
effect and results. Here are some commonly used technique;
• Dip Dyeing: In this technique, the fabric is immersed into a dye
bath, typically containing a dye solution and appropriate additives
such as salt or vinegar. The fabric is submerged for a specific period,
allowing the dye to penetrate and colour the material. Dip dyeing can
be used to achieve solid colors, ombre effects, or gradient patterns.
Dip Dyeing
DYEING TECHNIQUES
• Tie-Dyeing: Tie-dyeing is a popular technique that involves
folding, twisting, or crumpling the fabric in various ways
and securing it with rubber bands or strings. The tied fabric
is then immersed or sprayed with dyes, creating unique and
vibrant patterns. Tie-dyeing allows for a range of designs,
including spirals, stripes, and bullseye patterns.
Tie-Dyeing
DYEING TECHNIQUES
• Shibori: Shibori is a Japanese dyeing technique
that involves manipulating the fabric by folding,
pleating, or binding it before dyeing. The fabric is
then submerged in a dye bath, and the bound areas
resist the dye, creating intricate patterns. Different
shibori techniques include arashi (pole wrapping),
itajime (clamp resist), and kumo (pleated and
bound).
Shibori
DYEING TECHNIQUES
• Batik: Batik is a wax-resist dyeing technique that
originated in Indonesia. Hot liquid wax is applied to the
fabric using a brush or a tool called a tjanting, creating a
resist barrier. The fabric is then dyed, and the wax is
removed to reveal the dyed areas. This process can be
repeated with multiple layers of wax and dye to create
intricate and colorful designs.
Batik
DYEING TECHNIQUES
• Screen Printing: Screen printing involves
transferring dye or pigment through a fine mesh
screen onto the fabric. A stencil is created on the
screen, and the dye is forced through the open
areas using a squeegee. This technique allows for
precise and repeatable patterns and is commonly
used for large-scale fabric printing.
Screen Printing
DYEING TECHNIQUES
• Digital Printing: Digital printing is a modern technique
where designs are directly printed onto the fabric using
specialized inkjet printers. It allows for intricate and
detailed designs with a wide range of colors. Digital
printing offers flexibility and customization options,
making it popular in the fashion industry.
Digital Printing
DYEING TECHNIQUES
• Spray Dyeing: Spray dyeing involves using
spray bottles or airbrushes to apply dye onto the
fabric. This technique allows for free-form
application, blending of colors, and creating
unique textured effects. Spray dyeing is often
used for artistic and experimental fabric dyeing.
Spray Dyeing
THANK YOU
NAMES OF GROUP ONE MEMBERS INDEX NUMBER
CHRISTIAN SENANU SEGBEFIA 200005288
DORIS OKONBEA NKETIA 200001425
AWUDU BRAIMAH 200025427
SHARDRACK LARTEY 200021218
OHENE ENOCK BOATENG 200010147
PAUL OTCHERE 200012995
PHILIP KWAKU VUASI 200026378
ACHEAMPONG ARTHUR 200008160
LAWRENCE APPAU 200008796
SOLOMON DOGBATSEY 200000862
ALFRED ADDO 200029517
ROBERT MONTO 200008253
