While the SDGs maintain the thematic work on poverty eradication

targeted by the MDGs, they reflect a comprehensive perspective on

international development and sustaining human life on this planet. By
providing a set of integrated targets and progress indicators the SDGs
are the key to the success
 Uttarakhand
Sustainable
Development Goals
UTTARAKHAND
 Physical
infrastructure –
Urban … (1/2)
 In state budget 2023-24, Rs. 1,125 crore (US$ 136.47 million) has been
allocated towards integrated development of small and medium towns.
Status of Fund Release and Utilisation under AMRUT
(as of February 2019) (US$ million)
 Uttarakhand Metro Rail Urban Infrastructure (UKMRC) and Building
Construction Corporation Limited approved the construction of Rishikesh- Approved
Committed Released
Neelkanth Mahadev ropeway which will enable the devotees to go from SAAP Size
Rishikesh to Neelkanth Mahadev Temple in a few minutes.
Fund under
 In April 2022, under the ‘Scheme of Financial Assistance to States for AMRUT 98.5 73.97 25.58
Capital Investment‘, the Ministry of Finance released Rs.162 crore (US$ Program*
20.91 million) for the development of Uttarakhand.
• The government has encouraged citizens to adopt pollution-free means of Total number of
7
travel. In August 2021, the state government announced a subsidy up to Rs. AMRUT cities
50,000 (US$ 678.59) for the first 1,000 four-wheel electric vehicles to be
registered and a subsidy up to Rs. 7,500 (US$ 101.79) for the first 5,000
two-wheeler buyers. Achievement under AMRUT
 In mid-September 2020, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi announced to
inaugurate six mega projects in Uttarakhand under the Namami Gange Work in
Programmes Target Completed
Mission. progress

 The projects include construction of a 68 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant

Water supply 37 8 14
(STP), upgrade of the existing 27 MLD at Jagjeetpur in Haridwar,
construction of an 18 MLD STP at Sarai in Haridwar and 26 MLD STP
Sewerage and
at Lakkadghat in Rishikesh.
Septage 42 8 19
management

Drainage 7 2

Green Space 41 6 23

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Uttarakhand, JNNURM, Ministry of Urban Development, State Budget 2023-24

6
 Physical
infrastructure –
Urban … (2/2)
 The Government of Uttarakhand proposed 3 Smart Cities: Dehradun,
Haridwar & Roorkee. Out of these, the central Government approved only
Dehradun to be developed as a smart city on the basis of urban population
& the number of statutory towns.

 Dehradun will be the first smart city in the state and will be based on the
city of Rio de Janerio in Brazil. Under the model, all public services like
transport, medical services, water, electricity and solid waste management
will be IT-enabled through an Integrated Command and Control System
(ICCS).

 In 2019, the merger of the Uttarakhand Special Area Development

Authority (SADA) with the Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority
(MDDA) was approved. Dehradun

 In November 2020, The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate Change approved the construction of Song Dam Drinking Water
project worth Rs. 1100 crore (US$ 149.3 million) in Dehradun.

Smart City

City Population Area (sq. km.) Literacy rate

Dehradun 1,696,694 3,088 84.25%

7
 Physical
infrastructure –
Telecom
 The state has a well-developed communication network including both wired and
wireless connectivity. As per the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the state
Telecom Infrastructure (as of December 2022)

had 0.26 million wireline and 12.83 million wireless subscribers, as of December 2022.
 All India Radio (AIR) plans to set up new transmitters with the aim to reach every nook and Wireless subscribers (million) 12.83
corner of the state’s mountainous terrain.
Wireline subscribers (million) 0.26
 Uttarakhand State-Wide Area Network (USWAN) is operational in the state. Some of the projects
Internet subscribers* (million) 8.89
under Information Technology Development Agency (ITDA) Uttarakhand are National e-
Governance Plan (NeGP) Capacity Building Project, Common Service Centre (CSC) and State
Tele-density (%) 112.63
Data Centre (SDC).

 In early September 2020, the Uttarakhand state cabinet approved an amendment in the state's
information technology policy to provide incentives of up to Rs. 40 lakh (US$ Performance Status of Bharat Net Project (as
54.06 thousand) for companies that have decided to set up a mobile network tower in the remote
areas in 438 villages with poor connectivity. of December 2018)

 In February 2021, the central government gave nod to implement the BharatNet 2.0 project
No. of GPs in Phase-I 1,767
in Uttarakhand, wherein 12,000 villages will get internet connectivity.
Optical Fibre Cable laid
 Uttarakhand Chief Minister stated that the digital connectivity initiative will revolutionise 3,530
(km)*
telecommunication and internet connectivity in the state.
GPs for which cable laid 1,524
 The initiative will make internet available in 5,991 gram panchayats under 65 blocks
spread over 12 districts. Service ready GPs (as of
1,535
November 2020)
 In November 2020, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) announced to install 28 4G mobile
towers in the border areas of Chamoli, Pithoragarh, Champawat and Uttarkashi districts under the
Universal Service Obligation (USO) project. For these 28 towers, 21 sites have been selected and
tower installation is in progress in 11 sites.

Note: * Data is for Uttar Pradesh (West) which includes Uttarakhand

Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

20
Physical infrastructure – Power
 As of April 2023, the state had a total installed power generation capacity of
4,203.38 MW. Of this, hydro power accounted for 2,095.89 MW, followed Installed power capacity (MW)
by thermal power at 1,142.46 MW, renewable power at 933.79 MW, nuclear
power at 31.24 MW.
4,500
 In the State Budget 2023-24, Uttarakhand has allocated 1.8% of its total 4,000

4,203
expenditure towards energy. 3,500

3,950
3,924
3,551
 In FY20, energy requirement in the state reached 122,562 million units. 3,000

3,403
3,356
3,313
3,269
2,500
 In July 2020, the Uttarakhand government announced an initiative titled
2,000
'Waste to Energy’ that will aim at converting waste generated in the state to
electricity. 1,500
1,000
 On October 1, 2020, Chief Minister inaugurated a 25-kilowatt capacity 500
project worth Rs. 25 lakhs (US$ 30.10 thousand) for generating electricity
0
using Pirul (dry pine needles) at Chakon Dhanari Village in the Dunda Block

FY21*
FY17
FY16

FY18

FY19

FY20

FY22

FY23
of Uttarkashi District.
 The Chief Minister underlined that Uttarakhand, which currently purchases
electricity worth Rs. 1,000 crores (US$ 135.14 million), stated such projects
will also help the state financially. Structure of power utilities of Uttarakhand
 The state is currently facing challenges with the Uttarakhand Power
Corporation Limited (UPCL) struggling financially due to long-pending Activity Company name
electricity bill payments of government agencies and commercial
establishments. Uttarakhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited
Power generation
(UJVNL)
 As per data available on the website of the corporation, the total arrears
amounted to ~Rs. 1,500 crore (US$ 203.4 million) until April 2020. Power Transmission Corporation of
Power transmission
Uttarakhand Limited (PTCUL)

Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited

Power distribution
(UPCL)
Note: MW- megawatt, *-until August 2021
Source: Central Electricity Authority, State Budget 2023-24

11
 Physical
infrastructure –
Airports
Airport indicators

Aircraft movements Passengers Freight

Overall figures
(in no.) (in no.) (in
MT)
2021-2022 2022-23* 2021-2022 2022-23* 2021-2022 2022-23*
Dehradun Airport 12,142 7,656 917,949 700,319 655 529

 In 2022-23 (until August 2022), Dehradun airport handled 7,656 aircraft movements and 700,319 passengers.

 The state has two domestic airports: one at Jolly Grant in the Dehradun district and another at Pant Nagar in the Udham Singh Nagar district. The state
intends to position air transport as a reliable all-weather transport option for the hills.
 Under UDAN scheme, the Government started cheap air services to Dehradun, Pantnagar and Pithoragarh.

 With Uttarakhand emerging as a hot tourist and industrial destination, the state Government is focusing on upgrading the Jolly Grant airport in Dehradun as
an international airport, in coordination with Airports Authority of India.
 Under the State Budget 2020-21, Uttarakhand allocated Rs. 295 crore (US$ 40.15 million) for land acquisition to upgrade the Jolly Grant Airport into an
international airport. The new terminal of the Jolly Grant Airport, which costs Rs. 457 crore (US$ 62.20 million), will be operational in October 2021.
 The Uttarakhand government has tied up with the Airports Authority of India (AAI) in the Udham Singh Nagar district for building a state-of-the- art
Greenfield airport to boost domestic and international passengers in the hill state. This will be the state’s first international airport.

Note: *until August 2022

Source: Airports Authority of India, Ministry of Civil Aviation

12
 Physical infrastructure – Railways
 The main railway stations in the state are Dehradun, Haridwar, Roorkee, Kotdwar,
Kashipur, Udham Singh Nagar, Haldwani, Ramnagar and Kathgodam
 Uttarakhand had 339.80 km of rail routes. The state is focusing on increasing the
share of railways in cargo and passenger transport.
 In the second half of 2020, a new broad gauge railway line is being planned from
Yoga Nagri Rishikesh to Karnaprayag in Uttarakhand, aiming to make train travel
easier for pilgrims.
 The 125-km long broad gauge rail line will pass through various prominent places,
connecting Devprayag, Srinagar, Rudraprayag, Gauchar, Karnprayag, Dehradun,
Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag and Chamoli.
 The project will have 12 new railway stations, 17 tunnels and 16 bridges. An amount
of Rs. 16,216 crore (US$ 2.20 billion) is likely to be spent on this railway line. The
project will be completed by December 2024.
 Eight railway stations in the state have been identified for redevelopment by
Government of India.
 In January 2021, Larsen & Toubro Construction (L&T) emerged as the lowest bidder
for a railway project connecting Rishikesh and Karnaprayag in Uttarakhand worth Rs.
3,338 crore (US$ 460.41 million).
 In April 2021, the Uttarakhand Metro Rail Corporation prepared a detailed project
report suggesting the ‘MetroNeo’ system for two cities—Dehradun and Haridwar.

Source: Maps of India

Source: Indian Railways, News Article

13
 Physical infrastructure – Roads
 As of March 2022, Uttarakhand has national highways of 3,449 km in length.

 In the State Budget 2023-24, Rs. 1,408 crore (US$ 170.78 million) has been
allocated for capital outlay on roads and bridges.
 In February 2021, the National Highway Authority of India’s (NHAI) two key road
projects were inaugurated in Haridwar. These projects included the Muzaffarnagar-
Haridwar section under NH-58, Chhutmalpur-Ganeshpur of NH-72A and four
laning of Roorkee-Chhutmalpur-Gagalheri under AH-73, at a cost of ~Rs. 5,000
crore (US$ 686.90 million). Also, construction of an 80-km road covering Almora,
Pauri-Garhwal and Rudraprayag worth Rs. 400 crore (US$ 54.94 million) was
inaugurated.
 In April 2021, the Central Government approved 28 highway projects worth Rs.
1,210.17 crore (US$ 166.25 million) in Uttarakhand.
 In Uttarakhand, construction of five stretches (spanning 100.23 kms) is underway
and estimated to cost Rs. 1,627.60 crore (US$ 221.52 million). 30 kms of this
stretch was completed in 2020. In addition, 238 km are in DPR under Bharatmala
Pariyojana by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

Note: *The National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited

Source: Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, NHAI, State Transport Department, State Budget 2023-24, Hindustan Times

14
 Uttarakhand in figures
Uttarakhand’s Contribution to Indian Economy (2019-20) Physical Infrastructure in Uttarakhand

GSDP GSDP as a percentage of all states’ GSDP Installed power capacity (MW) (as of April 2023)
India: 100 | Uttarakhand: 1.24
India: 416,591.38 | Uttarakhand: 4,203.38
GSDP growth rate (%) Wireless subscribers (million) (as of December 2022)
India: 11.5 | Uttarakhand: 7.14 India: 1,142.93 | Uttarakhand: 12.83

Per capita GSDP (US$) Internet subscribers (million) (as of December 2022)
India: 1,982.65| Uttarakhand: 3,208.18 India: 865.90 | Uttarakhand: 8.89

Social Indicators
National highway length (kms) (as of March 2022)
India: 140,995 | Uttarakhand: 3,449
Literacy rate (%)
India: 74.04| Uttarakhand : 79.63 Airports (No.)
India: 129 | Uttarakhand: 2

Birth rate (per 1,000 population) (2018)

India: 20 | Uttarakhand : 16.7 Investments (US$ million)

Industrial Infrastructure Cumulative FDI equity inflow (from October

2019- March 2023) (US$ million)
Operational PPP projects (No.) (April 2020) India: 188,324.19 | Uttarakhand: 126.87
India: 901 | Uttarakhand: 34

Note: * Data is for Uttar Pradesh (West) which includes Uttarakhand

Note: GSDP growth in rupee terms , PPP- Public-Private Partnership, FDI- Foreign Direct Investment, SEZ: Special Economic Zone, SRS: Sample Registration System

15
 Uttarakhand fact file

Dehradun
Capital 189 persons per sq km 11.22 million
Population density total population

53,483 lakh sq.km.

geographical area
4.9 5.1million
female population
million male population

963:1000
Source: Uttarakhand Government Portal
(http://uk.gov.in/images/map.jpg)
Sex ratio
79.63% administrative districts: 24 (females per 1,000 males)
Key Insights literacy rate
• Uttarakhand is located at the foothills of the Himalayan mountain ranges. The state share borders with China (Tibet) in the north & Nepal in the
east and inter-state boundaries with Himachal Pradesh in the west and northwest and Uttar Pradesh in the south.
• Hindi, Garhwali and Kumaoni are commonly spoken languages in the state. English is the medium of education in many of its schools.
• Uttarakhand has diverse geographical features ranging from snow-capped mountain peaks in the north to tropical forests in the south; its climate and
vegetation vary accordingly.
• The state was formed in November 2000 by carving out the 13 hill-districts of Uttar Pradesh. It was formerly named Uttaranchal.

Source: Uttarakhand at a Glance, 2018-19, Directorate of Economics and Statistics

16
Uttarakhand vision
1 HEALTH
• Affordable healthcare with focus on disease 8 TOURISM
prevention. •
• Promote the state as a global tourist
Provide state funded maternal and child
destination by showcasing its spiritual,
healthcare, especially in rural areas.
cultural and adventure tourism.
• To attain a position among the top 3

1 8
destination states by 2030.
2 TRANSPORT
• Strengthen road network in urban areas
and upgrade national highways. 7 AGRICULTURE
• Develop two major all-weather airports • Reduce the use of fossil fuel
with connectivity to metro cities. • Transform through diversification
2 7 towards horticulture, aromatic and
medicinal plants, animal husbandry,
etc. and give additional employment
opportunities
3 EDUCATION & SKILL
DEVELOPMENT
• Quality primary education to be 6 INFRASTRUCTURE
•
provided to all children.
Job oriented vocational training 3 6 • Harness hydropower for 100%
electrification in the state and supply
facilities and establishment of higher
power to other states.
education institutions. • Connect major cities through multi-lane
highways and proper roads for villages.

4 5
4 INDUSTRIES 5 ENVIRONMENT
• Become a world leader in green energy by • Promote the state as a green economy by
leveraging hydropower potential. focusing on sectors such as IT, agriculture,
• Promote micro and small enterprises. tourism, hydropower and education.
• 100% solid waste management,
wastewater treatment and recycling.

Source: Confederation of Indian Industry

1
Advantage –
Uttarakhand
Favourable location and abundant resources Policy and Infrastructure
• The state has close proximity to the national capital of Delhi, a • The state offers a wide range of benefits in terms of interest
leading market of the country and excellent connectivity with incentives, financial assistance, subsidies and concessions.
neighbouring states. • Uttarakhand has a strong social and industrial infrastructure,
• Abundant natural resources due to hills and forests supporting virtual connectivity with over 39,000 km of road network, two
tourism, and vast water resources favouring hydropower. Agro- domestic airports, 339.80 km of rail routes and an installed
climatic conditions support horticulture-based industries. power capacity of 3,697.39 MW (as of February 2021).

Stable political environment

• The state has a stable political
environment with successive
governments that have been Adequate labour pool
committed towards creating a • The average literacy level is high. A large
progressive pool of talented human resources is
business environment. available as Uttarakhand has some of the
• The state is one of the best leading educational institutions in the
destinations for investors country.
because of • Top-notch institutes, such as IIT Roorkee
sociopolitical and IIM Kashipur, are located in the state.
speedy conducive
development of
infrastructure environment,
and
comprehensive & investor-
friendly state policies.

Source: Central Electricity Authority, News Article

1
Executive summary

Evolving industrialisation facilitating growth

1 • Uttarakhand has witnessed massive growth in capital investments due to a conducive industrial policy and generous tax
benefits. Therefore, Uttarakhand is one of the fastest growing states in India. The state’s GSDP increased at a CAGR of
7.06% between FY19 and FY23.

Thriving tourism
2 • The state is situated in the foothills of Himalayas. The presence of several hill stations, wildlife parks, pilgrimage places &
trekking routes make Uttarakhand an attractive tourist destination. In 2019(P), domestic tourist inflow in the state were 35.60
million and foreign tourist visits had crossed over 0.15 million

Hydropower generation potential

3 •
•
Uttarakhand is being developed as an ‘energy state’ to tap the hydropower electric potential of over 25,000 MW.
As of August 2022, hydropower generation installed capacity in the state stood at 2,095.89 MW.

Rising exports boosting the economy

4
• Uttarakhand has doubled its exports in the past five years. In 2020, the state ranked 1st among the 12 Himalayan states, due
to presence of basic export facilities & infrastructure, a conducive business & export environment and export performance.
• Total exports from the state stood at US$ 1.73 billion in 2021-22.

Floriculture and Horticulture

5
• Uttarakhand has almost all agro-geo climatic zones, which provide commercial opportunities for floriculture and
horticulture. The state has 175 rare species of medicinal & aromatic plants and 403 horticulture-based units
• Under the Vision 2030, the processing capacity of horticulture produce will be enhanced from 7.5% to 15% of the total
horticulture production by 2030.

1
 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

21
 Social
infrastructure –
•
Education
 In the State Budget 2023-24:
Rs. 10,907 crore (US$ 1.32 billion) has been allocated to Education,
Allocation and release of Funds Under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
(US$ million)
Sports, Arts, and Culture
180.00
• Rs. 3,300 crore (US$ 400.25 million) has been allocated to
government secondary schools.

163.05
 As of 2020-21, Uttarakhand has 36 universities and 454 colleges. 160.00

153.53
 Under the State Budget 2020-21, Rs. 3,131 crore (US$ 424.6 million),
Rs. 4,737 crore (US$ 642.3 million) and Rs. 620 crore (US$
140.00
84.07 million) were allocated towards elementary education, secondary
education and higher education.
 Some key policies to be undertaken according to the recent 2020-21

99.78
budget are as follows: 120.00

86.62
85.19
 Government will ensure construction of buildings in all government
colleges in the state by 2022.

72.64

61.61
60.54
 Salary for guest teachers in universities will be increased from Rs. 25,000

58.54
52.85
to Rs. 35,000.

44.57

37.96
 Mukhyamantri Shikshuta Yojana will be started for learning new

36.57

35.02
100.00

33.03

31.31
20.00
work-related skills in different sectors.
 Mukhyamantri Swarojgar Yojana and Mukhyamantri Palayan Roktham 80.00
0.00
Yojana will be started for generating self-employment opportunities and

2013-14

2015-16

2017-18

2019-20
2011-12

2012-13

2014-15

2016-17

2018-19
preventing migration from the state. 60.00

Funds Released Expediture Incurred

40.00

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Uttarakhand, Census 2011, News articles, State Budget 2020-21, State Budget 2023-24

22
 Social
infrastructure –
Health
Health indicators (2017) Healthcare facilities in Uttarakhand (as of May
2020)
1
Birth rate 17.3 Sub centres 1,919
Primary health centres 305
1
Death rate 6.7
Community health centres 73
Sub district hospitals 47
2
Infant mortality rate 32 District hospitals 21
Total 2,365

 In the State Budget 2023-24:

• Rs. 1,101 crore (US$ 133.5 million) has been allocated to Urban Health Services.
• Rs. 1,418 crore (US$ 172 million) has been allocated to Rural Health Services-Allopathy.
 Uttarakhand has a good network of hospitals and health centres. As of April 2020, the state had 1,919 Sub centres, 305 Primary health centers, 73 Community
Health Centres, 47 Sub District Hospitals and 21 District Hospitals.
 Other initiatives by the state government include the following:
 Mukhyamantri Saubhagyaati Yojana will be started for preventing decline in sex ratio by providing kits to mothers on birth of a girl child in first delivery.

 Pension for old age, dependent widows and disabled is likely to be increased from Rs. 1,000 (US$ 13.56) to Rs. 1,200 (US$ 16.27) per month

 Rs. 381 crore (US$ 51.66 million) has been allocated for the National Health Mission. Rs. 100 crore (US$ 13.56 million) has been allocated for the Atal
Ayushman Uttarakhand Yojana.

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Uttarakhand, Sample Registration System 1Per thousand persons, 2Per thousand live births, State Budget 2020-21, 2023-24

23
 INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

24
 Industrial
infrastructur
e
Industrial Stats in Uttarakhand (2018-19)

Rural and small-scale industries

Indicators for Vision 2030 for the MSME and Heavy Industries

MSME Indicators 2018 2019-20 E 2023-24 E 2029-30 E

Khadi Udyog/Gramodhyog No. of MSME units
765 53,000 68,000 94,000 1,70,000
Units established
Capital investment (in 10,960 14,000 19,400 36,000
Khadi unit employees 3,124
Rs. crore)
Small scale industries (SSI) 60,466 No. of employment 2,58,000 3,20,000 4,60,000 8,50,000
generation
SSI employees 298,774 Heavy Industries 2018 2019-20 E 2023-24 E 2029-30 E
Factories - Registered under Factories Act No. of industrial units
1948 1828 1998 2618 4510
established
No. of factories 2,998 Capital investment (in 21,826 23,155 30,351 53,769
Rs. crore)
No. of workers 339,694 No. of employment 1,68,718 1,84,363 2,48,438 4,44,123
generation
Total persons engaged 426,587
Value of products and by-  The industrial sector, comprising manufacturing, construction and water, gas and electricity,
products (Rs. Lakh) 22,548,249
had a major share in the GDP of the state at 52% as of 2019-20.
Gross fixed capital formation 507,529
(Rs. Lakh)  The MSME sector plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of the
Profits (Rs. Lakh) 2,996,502 state as this sector is the nursery of entrepreneurship.

 This sector also has a high potential of providing livelihoods with low capital investment and
Large Industries
high utilisation of local resources.
Total industrial estates
(SIDCUL)* 28
 The government has placed a special mandate in its Vision 2030 strategy to develop the MSME
sector.

Note: * State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIIDCUL) is a Government of Uttarakhand Enterprise
Source: Uttarakhand at a glance 2018-19, Uttarakhand Vision 2030

25
 KEY SECTORS

26
Key sectors – ICT
industry … (1/2)
 In order to protect the electronic services provided to citizens, the state government has approved the Cyber Crisis Management Plan and Critical Information
Infrastructure Guideline in the State Budget 2022-23.

 Information & Communication Technology (ICT) has received special attention from the state government, and it has been accorded the status of an industry.
Several initiatives have been taken to promote the ICT industry in Uttarakhand.

 Major players have set up their units in Uttarakhand due to congenial business environment here.

 In 2002, incorporation of Information Technology & Industrial Development & State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttaranchal Ltd. (SIDCUL), as the
nodal organisation to endorse the growth the IT sector of the state.

 Uttarakhand also has well-developed Integrated Industrial Estates (IIEs), IT Parks and growth centres at various well approachable locations in Uttarakhand such
as Haridwar, Pant Nagar and Dehradun. In addition to the existing IT Park at Dehradun, the state government will set up additional IT Park at Ram Nagar/Pant
Nagar.

 The Government of Uttarakhand proposes to harness the full power of Information & Communication Technology and Electronics (ICT&E) for improving the
quality of life of its citizens, bringing in accelerated social and economic development, ensuring transparency in government decisions and accelerating IT
adoption among various user segments.

 In November 2020, foundation of the new Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) incubation centre was set up. STPI is establishing a state-of- the-art
incubation facility having ~30,000 sq. ft. space at Dehradun to cater the needs of IT/ITeS industry in the region. There will be provision of raw and plug-n-play
incubation space for IT/ITeS companies, especially for entrepreneurs/start-ups. Apart from this, building will also be housing Network Operation Centre (NOC)
for providing high-speed data communication (HSDC) services to the IT/ITeS industry.

 In February 2021, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Information Technology Development Agency
(ITDA)—a society registered by Government of Uttarakhand, to set up an Internet of Things (IoT) Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Dehradun.

Source: Invest Uttarakhand, SIIDCUL - Uttarakhand IT Policy - 2018

27
Key sectors – ICT
industry … (2/2)
Key Players in Uttarakhand’s ICT Sector

 Hiltron initially worked to promote the development of electronics and allied industries and services in Dehradun,
Hiltron
Uttarakhand.
 It functions as an IT and communication service provider to the state under the administrative control of the
department of IT.

 HCL is among the largest vertically integrated IT manufacturing companies of India. It is the largest hardware, system
HCL Infosystems
integration, networking solutions and distribution company in India.
 It has its manufacturing facility at Rudrapur in the SIDCUL Industrial Estate, which has an overall capacity of 2
million personal computers per annum.

Wipro Infotech  Wipro Infotech is a division of Wipro Limited. It provides enterprise customers with high-value IT products,
software services, solutions and consulting services in India and the Middle East.
 It has a unit at Kotdwar in Uttarakhand. The unit is spread over 5.8 acres of land with a built-up area of 75,000 sq ft.
 It has fully-automated production lines designed on lean manufacturing practices and houses product engineering and
R&D labs for continuous innovation in products and processes.

 Modi Infotech is located in Haridwar. It is involved in the business of website designing, software development, web-
Modi Infotech Services hosting, web-advertising, ERP solutions, e-commerce-based application development & educational segments of the IT
market.

28
 Key sectors – Agro and
food processing … (1/3)
 Sugarcane, wheat, rice and potato are the key agricultural products of the Crops Annual production in 2017-18 (‘000 tonnes)
state.
Rice^ 600.0
 In the State Budget 2023-24, Rs. 296 crore (US$ 35.9 million) has
been allocated towards Agriculture Research and Education. Wheat* 908.0
 The Uttarakhand government has decided to apply for GI tag for 11 items, Pulses^ 42.0
primarily food grains: red rice, berinag tea, buransh (rhododendron) squash,
malta, gahat, mandua, jhangora, kala bhat, chaulai, lakhori chilly and pahari
toor daal. Crops Annual production in 2018-19** (‘000 tonnes)
 In May 2021, Agriculture and processed food production export
Fruits 670.63
Development Authority (APEDA), in collaboration with Uttarakhand
Agriculture Produce Marketing Board (UKAPMB) and Just Organik, Spices 40.30
sourced and processed finger millet & barnyard millet from farmers in
Uttarakhand to exports to Denmark. Vegetables 1,002.64
 Sugarcane is the major crop produced in the state, with production of about
Onion** 44.09*
64.17 lakh tonnes in 2019-20 (as per first advance estimates).
 Uttarakhand is also adopting organic farming to boost farmers’ income. Tomato** 103.85*
According to data released by the National Mission for Clean Ganga in
September 2021, the area under organic farming and agro-forestry in the
Ganga basin region has increased from 23,840 hectares to 1,03,780 Kharif Crops Production in 2018-19 (‘000 tonnes)
hectares. The land allocated to the state for organic farming in the Ganga
basin is 50,840 hectares. Food grains 912.0

 A provision of Rs. 2,300 crore (US$ 314.03 million) has been made for Oilseeds 15.8
payment of wheat and paddy procured from farmers in 2020-21.
Sugarcane 6,565.8

Note: ** 3rd advance estimates for 2018-19, * as per 4th Advanced estimate, ^ - As per 1st Advance Estimates 2018-19 (Kharif only)
Source: Indian Horticulture Database, National Horticulture Board, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, State Budget 2023-24

29
 Key sectors – Agro and
food processing … (2/3)
 Many Agri-Export Zones (AEZs) have already been declared under  The state has one other food mega park based in Haridwar. These two mega
the AEZ scheme of Government of India for products such as litchi, food parks are anticipated to contribute US$ 995.35 million to the GSDP of
floriculture & horticulture, herbs, medicinal plants and basmati rice. A the state and expected to generate about 30,000 direct and 290,000 indirect
biotech park near Pant Nagar is coming up in the state. employment opportunities in the state by 2020.

 Uttarakhand has been included in the difficult area category by the  The Government is planning to develop Uttarakhand as a manufacturing
Ministry of Food Processing Industry (MoFPI) and hence units being hub for organically processed food units. Thus, it is inviting food processing
set up in Uttarakhand are also eligible for higher incentives under the companies to come and manufacture organic processed food units in the
scheme of MoFPI. state.

 Fruits such as apples, oranges, pear, grapes peach, plum apricot, litchi,
mangoes and guava are widely grown in the state and therefore have
immense potential for development of horticultural crops and
processing units.

 In September 2021, the Union Minister for Food Processing Status of food processing units in Uttarakhand
Industries, Mr. Pashupati Kumar Paras, virtually inaugurated six food
processing projects in Maharashtra, Uttarakhand and Haryana. Total established units 28

 The Uttarakhand project, M/s Numix Industries, was Horticulture based units established under MM-IV of
42
launched under the CEFPPC scheme at a project cost of Rs. HMNEH
10.48 crore (US$ 1.42 million); Rs. 3.95 crore (US$ 534.29
thousand) of this amount was granted by the Ministry. Food parks in Uttarakhand

Name of the food park Area (acres) Plots (nos.)

Patanjali Mega Food Park

Pvt. Ltd. 71.63
25
Himalayan Mega Food
Park 50.14
23
Source: Uttarakhand State Portal, News Article

30
 Key sectors – Agro and
food processing … (3/3)
Key Players in Uttarakhand’s Agriculture Sector

Britannia Industries Ltd  Britannia is one of India’s leading food product companies, with an estimated 33.0% biscuit market share. The principal
activity of the company is the manufacturing and sale of biscuits, bread, cakes and dairy products like cheese, butter and
milk.
 It has a plant in the integrated industrial estate at Pantnagar. The plant is located in Integrated Industrial Estate (IIE),
Pantnagar, and the project cost incurred was US$ 12.5 million. The company employs almost 1,987 people nationwide.

Nestle India Ltd  Nestle is the world's largest and most diversified food company. It manufactures products under famous brand
names such as Nescafe, Maggi, Milkybar, Kit-Kat and Bar-One.
 It has around 280,000 employees worldwide and 500 factories in about 77 countries.
 In 2006, Nestle India commissioned its seventh factory at Pantnagar in Uttarakhand.

 PepsiCo established its business operations in India in 1989 and is one of the largest and fastest growing food and beverage
PepsiCo India businesses in India.
 It provides direct and indirect employment to over 285,000 people globally and has 38 beverage bottling plants and three
food plants in India. There is a company-owned bottling plant in Bajpur, Uttarakhand, which has an installed capacity of
100,000 cases of soft drink per day.

 KLA Foods (India) Limited is involved in international trading in agricultural commodities. The company diversified
KLA Foods (India) Ltd
into exports of minerals and metals and is exporting large quantities of iron-ore to China.
 Their rice processing unit, located at Rudrapur in Uttarakhand, was founded in 1977.

31
Key sectors – Floriculture
and horticulture … (1/2)
Policy / administrative measures in horticulture sector
 Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry was established in 2011. This

In the State Budget 2021-

University is continuously taking new initiatives in the fields of extension, research
and certificate level courses for the benefit of staff as well as lay farmers.

22, schemes such as the

 Single window system has been shaped in order to smoothen clearance of
projects under schemes of Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan
States, National Mission on Food Processing, National Horticulture Board and


National Horticulture
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority.

A weather-based crop insurance cover has been facilitated to the farmers

Mission, Mission for

producing apple, litchi, mango, tomato, potato and ginger.

Integrated Development
Horticulture production (‘000 MT) in 2019-20*

of Horticulture, Mission
Fruits 674.21

Apple
Vegetables
and the 1,018.36

Horticulture Insurance
Spices 80.94

Scheme will
Flowers (cut)
be 15.09

implemented to boost the

Honey 2.60

Source: State Horticulture Mission

horticulture sector.
32
Key sectors – Floriculture
and horticulture … (2/2)
Total horticulture crop production (in ‘000 MT) Total horticulture crop production area (in 000’ha.)

320
1,900
1,955.37
1,908.10

310

315.79
1,700

1,794.24
1,748.70

1,730.95
300

1,663.56
1,661.39
1,658.72
1,500

305.43
298.50
1,300 290

294.65
289.93
280

287.31
1,100

281.45
900 270

269.30
700 260
500 250
2018-19*

2019-20*
2017-18*
2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2018-19*

2019-20*
2017-18*
2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17
 The Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board (UOCB) is a Government body founded in 2003.
Uttarakhand
Organic  It is supported by the state Government and is located in the Dehradun.
Commodity  UOCB advises and assists the state Government in the overall strengthening and implementation of the institutional set up. It is
Board (UOCB) also engaged in the production, processing, marketing and promotion of organic farming in the state.
 The Board also focuses on promoting organic farming in the fields of land use - agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, dairy,
sericulture, apiculture, floriculture, herbs and medicinal plants, tea, fisheries, forest and all related areas
- for the promotion and development of organic farming in the state, and networks and liaisons with various department of the state.
 The Board provides training for organic farming to equip the farmers with the latest methods and make them aware about the
potential market for the commodities.
 The state has 50,000 hectares under organic farming and >35,000 hectares under integrated organic farming projects.

Note: *3rd advance estimates

Source: National Horticulture Board

33
Key industries –
Tourism … (1/2)
 Uttarakhand aims to double the tourist Inflow to 70 Million by 2030.
Tourist arrivals in Uttarakhand (in million)
 Sonprayag-Gaurikund-Kedarnath ropeway project undertaken by National
Highways Logistics Management Limited (NHLML) will be 13 km in length
and the estimated cost of the project will be over Rs.985 crore (US$ 126.77 40.00
million).

37.73
 Empyrean Skyview Projects, will develop two more ropeway systems in

35.76
Mussoorie and Yamunotri with an investment of Rs. 700 crore (US$ 35.00

34.49
90.09 million)

31.78
 Dehradun-Mussoorie record over 11 lakh tourists in last three months from
30.00
January-April 2022 after the Government relaxed covid related curbs.

29.05
 Uttarakhand is a well-renowned religious and wildlife tourism destination. In
2019, the state welcomed 37.58 million domestic tourists and over 0.15 25.00
million foreign tourists.
 After a lockdown of six months due to Covid, the state is now gradually 20.00
opening up for tourists. The government is also trying to revive the sector in
various ways.
 In August 2020, the government announced plans to develop 6 city forests to 15.00
increase green cover in urban spaces and also develop India’s first Snow
Leopard Conservation Centre in the state.
10.00
 In September 2020, a huge urban forest, Anand Van, was inaugurated in the
Doon Valley City. The park has been created to control air pollution in the
city and reduce congestion by developing a green landscape. 5.00 0.00

 In 2018, 27.81 lakh pilgrims arrived in state for Chardham Yatra, out of which

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019
7.32 lakh pilgrims visited Kedarnath.
Note: P - Provisional
Source: Ministry of Tourism

34
Key industries –
Tourism … (2/2)
National parks/wildlife sanctuaries Religious tourism in Main tourist centres in Uttarakhand
in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand
 Corbett  Dhanaulti  Chopta
Askot Sanctuary Yamunotri  Chakrata  Ranikhet
 Mussoorie  Almora
Kedarnath Sanctuary Gangotri
 Bhimtal  Chamba
Valley of Flowers (national park) Kedarnath  Nainital  Binsar
 Lansdowne  Pauri
Nanda Devi National Park Badrinath
 Valley of flowers 
Rajaji National Park Haridwar-Har ki Pauri
 Kausani
Auli  Mukteshwar
Corbett National Park Hemkund Sahib

Govind Wildlife Sanctuary

 In January 2018, to boost tourism, Centre has launched the regional connectivity scheme as ‘Udan’ which will help the low income group people to fly easily
affordable air fares.

 In December 2019, Hello Uttarakhand, a public utility mobile app which provides multilingual translation facility to tourists to communicate with locals
launched.

 Uttarakhand Government to introduce mobile caravans or motor homes equipped with all facilities available in a house to attract tourists.

Source: Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board

35
 KEY PROCEDURES AND POLICIES

36
 Single-window
clearance
mechanism
 The IT enabled single-window contract facility is available under a two-tier system:

• The District Industrial Centres (DIC) at the district-level.

• SIDCUL at the state-level.

 These centres are responsible for providing information and escort services to entrepreneurs. They also maintain a data bank. Single window mechanism
increases the efficiency through time and cost savings for both the traders and the Government. The mechanism offers one single platform wherein parties,
involved in trade and transport, lodge information and the required documents at a single point of entry.

 The Government of Uttarakhand announced the implementation of single window clearance system in the MSME (medium, small and micro enterprises) policy
introduced in 2015.

 In addition, the Uttarakhand state Government introduced Uttarakhand Film Policy-2015 in October 2015, that aims at offering single window clearance or hassle
free clearance to the requests or applications for shooting, tourism promotion, etc. For instance, the policy along with implementation of such mechanisms is
expected to offer ease to the citizens and also generate employment opportunities.

 Approvals for establishment of ventures is given in 15 days and the deadline for approvals has been set at 30 days. All approvals are provided online.

 State Government has proposed an investment plan of Rs. 554 crore (US$ 85.96 million) through single window system, which will result in employment
generation opportunities for around 500 people.

37
Contact
list…
(1/2)
Agency Description Contact information

 SIDCUL, a Government of Uttarakhand enterprise, was incorporated

as a limited company in 2002. It has equity participation from the
Union Bank of India (UBI), the Oriental
Bank of Commerce (OBC) and Small Industries Development
29, IIE (IT Park)
Bank of India (SIDBI). Sahastradhara Road
 SIDCUL functions as the nodal agency of the state to administer all Dehradun-248001 Phone:
State Infrastructure and Industrial 91-135-2708100,
Development Corporation of Uttarakhand existing Government of India (GoI) and Government of Uttarakhand 2607292, 2608092
Limited (SIDCUL) schemes for industrialisation and industrial promotion. Fax: 91-135-2708 109
Website: www.sidcul.com

 The corporation’s key aim is to promote industrial development in

the state; provide financial assistance by way of debt, equity, or
venture capital; develop infrastructure; and assist private initiatives in
the industry.
Directorate of Industries
Industrial Area
Patel Nagar
 Uttarakhand Handloom & Handicraft Development Council is a Dehradun-248001
Uttarakhand Handloom & Handicraft registered council constituted by the state Government. The council Uttarakhand
Development Council (UHHDC) acts as a facilitator to motivate, guide and organise artisans and Phone: 91-135-
2728 227,
provide common platforms for direct interactions between creators 2728272
and connoisseurs, producers and buyers. Fax: 91-135-2728
226
Website: www.uttarakhandcra
fts.com

38
Contact
list…
(2/2)
Agency Description Contact information

 IAU is an apex body of small and medium scale industries of Industries Association of
Uttarakhand. IAU is committed to the development of the state Uttarakhand
Mohabelwala Industrial Area
and its small entrepreneurs. It follows a two-tier system at the Dehradun - 248110
Industries Association of Uttarakhand Phone: 91-135-2640 530
city-level and operates through the respective chapters. The thrust
(IAU) Fax: 91-135-2643 382
and focus of IAU is taking initiatives to help the existing industry
E-mail: info@iauonline.in,
and attract new industries in Uttarakhand. iauuttarakhand@gmail.com
Website: www.iauonline.in

SIDCUL Building, 1st floor

 The ITDA is an independent and autonomous body to guide and IT Park, Shasthradhara
Information Technology Development Agency Road
monitor various projects and provide expert inputs, monitor,
(ITDA) Dehradun, Uttarakhand
evaluate and execute the state's IT initiatives and projects under Phone: 91-135-2708 122
the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP). Fax: 91-135-2708 174
Website:
www.itda.uk.gov.in

39
 Key
approvals Departments to be consulted

required
List of approvals and clearances required

Prior to setting up the unit

Registration Industries Department
State Infrastructure and Industrial
Allotment of land/shed Development Corporation of Uttarakhand
Limited (SIDCUL)
Power load approval for construction load Uttarakhand State Electricity Department

Approval for construction of building activity under the Chief Inspector of Factories
Factories Act
No-Objection Certificate Fire and Forest Departments

Provisional trade tax registrations Central and State Excise Departments

Registration under the Central Sales Tax (CST) Act, 1956 Central and State Excise Departments

Before commencement of production

Uttarakhand Environment Protection and
Environmental clearances Pollution Control Board

No-objection Certificate Fire and Forest Departments

Permanent trade tax Registration Trade Tax Department

Registration under CST Act Central and State Excise Departments

40
 Cost of doing
business in
Uttarakhand
Parameter Cost estimate

Industrial land purchase (per sq ft) US$ 4 to US$ 8.5

Office space rent (per sq ft) Dehradun: US$ 18 to US$ 170 per month

Residential rent (2,000 sq ft) Dehradun: US$ 270 to US$ 450 per month

Five-star hotel room rent (per night) Mussoorie: US$ 100 to US$ 300

Power (industrial) US 5.64-6.55 cents per kWh

Labour (minimum wage per day)

Unskilled: US$ 3.45-18.2
Semi-skilled: US$ 3.78-18.38
Skilled: US$ 4.19-18.7
Highly skilled: US$ 17.5-19

Source: Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, Uttarakhand Power Corporation Limited, Industry sources, TechSci Research Research

41
State acts and policies…(1/2)
Policy for Skill Development & Entrepreneurship 2018
• To increase the employability of workers, competitiveness of enterprise, and inclusiveness of growth

1
• To increase the employment for achieving sustainable development goal of less than 4%

unemployment rate
• To improve productivity & competitiveness at the workplace Read more

2
Start-up Policy 2018
• To encourage investments and incubation in start-up sector of the state.
• To establish Uttarakhand as the entrepreneurship capital of India
Read more
Tourism Policy 2018

3
• To promote tourism and develop it as a major source of employment and revenue generation
• To ensure necessary basic amenities at all tourist destinations like- parking, toilets, ATMs,
dispensaries, internet and telecom facilities, etc. Read more

MSME Policy-2015

4
• To attract investment in the micro, small and medium enterprise sector
• The policy aims at stopping rural-to-urban migration and boost entrepreneurs
• To develop remote and flood hit areas of Uttarakhand for overall development Read more

Mega Industrial and Investment Policy 2015

5
• To provide assistance to dairy and textile processing units in the state of Uttarakhand .
• To promote the textile industry of Uttarakhand through provision of subsidies and rebates on power bills
Read more

Solar Energy Policy-2018

6
• To attract public and private investments in the solar power projects for promotion of solar energy
in the state
• The policy aims to setup 200 MW of solar power plants by 2019-20 Read more

42
State acts and policies…(2/2)

Industrial Hill Policy 2011

7
• To set up industrial hubs in the state and attract investments for industrialisation in the hilly areas
• In 2012, the state Government amended the policy and the effective period was extended from
2018 to 2025 Read more

Information and Communication Technology & Electronics Policy 2016-2025

8
• To encourage use of IT tools in the Government for management and decision support systems
• To offer easy access to consumer applications of ICT
• To attract private sector initiatives for development of IT infrastructure in the state
Read more
Policy for Harnessing Renewable Energy Sources in Uttarakhand

9
• To boost the industrial capacity of the state
• To attain an industrial development growth rate of 11.2 % per annum, alongside the target of 10 %
per annum growth in SGDP as visualised in the Twelfth Five Year Plan Read more

43
Sou
rces
Data Sources

GSDP (state) MOSPI, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Uttarakhand)

Per capita GSDP figures MOSPI, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Uttarakhand)

GSDP (India) MOSPI, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Uttarakhand)

Installed power capacity (MW) Central Electricity Authority

Wireless subscribers (No) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

Internet subscribers (million) Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

National highway length (km) NHAI, Roads and Building Department - Government of India

Airports (No) Airports Authority of India

Literacy rate (%) Census 2011

Birth rate (per 1,000 population) SRS Bulletin, September 2017

Cumulative FDI equity inflows (US$ billion) Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)

Operational PPP projects (No) Ministry of Finance, Government of India

44
 From a smart vision to a smart society

Today, cities account 70% of global CO2 emissions. Increased urbanisation places additional
pressure on traffic congestion, waste and water management systems .negative impacts on
citizens’ physical health and wellbeing.
Scaling Solution
enhancing the scalability of solutions in a global context, development of regional and national
data hubs, and a broader focus on society and communities instead of only cities.
Need to address challenges on altitude, semi urban and less populated areas basis.

Dehradun
Capital 189 persons per sq km 11.22 million
Population density total population

53,483 lakh sq.km.

geographical area
4.9 5.1million
female population
million male population

963:1000
Source: Uttarakhand Government Portal
(http://uk.gov.in/images/map.jpg)
Sex ratio
79.63% administrative districts: 24 (females per 1,000 males)
Key Insights literacy rate
• Uttarakhand is located at the foothills of the Himalayan mountain ranges. The state share borders with China (Tibet) in the north & Nepal in the
east and inter-state boundaries with Himachal Pradesh in the west and northwest and Uttar Pradesh in the south.
• Hindi, Garhwali and Kumaoni are commonly spoken languages in the state. English is the medium of education in many of its schools.
• Uttarakhand has diverse geographical features ranging from snow-capped mountain peaks in the north to tropical forests in the south; its climate and
vegetation vary accordingly.
• The state was formed in November 2000 by carving out the 13 hill-districts of Uttar Pradesh. It was formerly named Uttaranchal.

Source: Uttarakhand at a Glance, 2018-19, Directorate of Economics and Statistics

46
 Digital technology

Crucial fuel for sustainable development. Data is the lifeblood of the smart solutions needed
to address environmental challenges across energy, water, waste and environment in Urban
areas.
the key objective is to extract value from data on e.g. energy consumption patterns, the
amount of waste in garbage bins, traffic flow and air pollution.

In a digitised energy system, utilities can use the collected data to gain knowledge about how
to optimise existing grid operations, improve investment decisions maintenance and the future
development of the grid & in other sectors.
Stable green energy

A key challenge in urban development is to ensure access to stable, green and

inexpensive energy for all purposes – transportation, residential and commercial use.
To achieve this, it is paramount to build smart energy systems ie independent &
inexpensive renewal energy, BE storage & smart meters.
Sustainable mobility
Decreasing congestion and improving air quality in the cities.

People movement to urban areas, commuting and transportation of goods a challenge,

increasing congestion and emissions.
integration of various innovations: Intelligent traffic management systems, Use of AI , Mobile
mobility apps for trip planning with packages, Real-time data collection and analysis to
optimize transportation flows, Biking lanes instead of car traffic , car sharing programs in
combination with public transport, Electric vehicles , Bus stop away from circles & Xing as a
solution.
 Water solutions for Urban Areas
Smart water systems make cities more liveable, resilient and sustainable.

Urban water systems – for drinking, wastewater collection ,treatment, rainwater management –
are key to human health and environmental protection in cities around the globe.

Advanced GIS network databases and hydraulic modelling software allow simulating the
performance of the widespread underground pipe networks, detecting leaks level and flow
gauging in sewers aimed at optimising the storage capacity to minimise combined sewer
overflows during rain.
Automated buildings to balance the local energy system:
Buildings as active and flexible prosumers.

Automating buildings is particularly beneficial if energy savings and energy flexibility are
combined and implemented during the construction phase of new buildings or in
renovating existing building stock.
All newer buildings must comply with building management systems: Energy System
Management (EMS) or equivalent.
Building regulations support and enable the consumer to engage in demand-response
activities through an aggregator.
आभार / Thank You