FIRE
OBJECTIVES:
• To inform what is fire and its components
• To recognize the causes and stages of fire
• To distinguish what are the different types of fire and
fire extinguishers
• To be aware of the parts of a fire extinguisher
• To spread information about fire safety measures
WHAT
IS FIRE?
FIRE
• Rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical
process of combustion, releasing heat, light and various
reaction products.
• The positive effects of fire; stimulating growth and
maintaining various ecological systems.
• The negative effects of fire; hazard to life and property,
atmospheric pollution and water contamination.
FIRE TETRAHEDRON
CAUSES OF FIRE
Carelessness and
accidents
Electrical Equipment
Smoking or lighting of
fire material
STAGES OF FIRE
Fully-
Growth developed Decay
Ignition phase or phase or phase or
Phase incipient free- burnout
phase burning phase
phase
TYPES
OF
FIRE
CLASS A
- are fires in ordinary combustibles that produce ash after being
burned such as wood, paper, cloth or plastics.
CLASS B
- Liquids that boil when exposed to extreme heat like gasoline,
propane and other solvents.
CLASS C
- Fires which involve charged electrical wiring or circuits
CLASS D
- Are fires for combustible metals like magnesium, lithium and
titanium.
CLASS K
- are fires in cooking oils and greases.
TYPES
OF
FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
WATER AND FOAM EXTINGUISHER
• Extinguish the fire by taking away the heat element of
the fire tetrahedron.
• Water extinguishers are for Class A fires only. It
should not be used on Class B or C fires.
• Foam extinguishers are for Class A
and B fires.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHER
• Extinguish fire by taking away the oxygen element of the
fire triangle and also removing the heat with a very cold
discharge.
• Can be used on Class B and C fires.
• Usually ineffective on Class A fires.
DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER
• Extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting the
chemical reaction of the fire tetrahedron.
• Multipurpose dry chemical – effective on Class A, B
and C.
• Ordinary dry chemical – for Class B and C
fires only.
WET CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER
• Extinguishes the fire by removing the heat of the fire tetrahedron
and prevents re-ignition by creating a barrier between the
oxygen and fuel elements.
• Effective for Class K, it can also be used
on Class A fires in commercial kitchens.
CLEAN AGENT EXTINGUISHER
• extinguish the fire by interrupting the chemical
reaction and/or removing heat from the fire triangle.
• Effective on Class A, B and C fires.
DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHER
• Similar to dry chemical, extinguish the fire by separating
the fuel from the oxygen element or by removing the
heat element of the fire tetrahedron.
• Dry powder extinguishers are for Class D
only. It is ineffective on all other classes of fires.
WATER MIST EXTINGUISHER
• Extinguish the fire by taking away the heat element of
the fire tetrahedron.
• Water mist extinguisher is primarily
for Class A fires.
CARTRIDGE-OPERATED DRY
CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER
• Extinguish the fire primarily by interrupting the
chemical reaction of the fire tetrahedron.
FEATURES
OF A
FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
FIRE SAFETY
MEASURES
BEFORE
• Plan a meeting place and an emergency exit.
• Practice the plan through drills.
• Have a list of emergency numbers on your wallet or on your phone.
• Be aware of your surroundings.
• Inspect wires for any signs of fraying or pest bites.
• Keep matchboxes or lighters away from unsupervised access.
• Unplug electrical devices when not in use.
• Install smoke detectors and fire extinguishers.
DURING
• When a fire has been detected,
remember to RACE.
AFTER
• Perform a headcount
• Be sure that all injured individuals must be treated by a doctor
• Do not return to the building unless said by the fire authorities
• Throw out all the food that was exposed to the fire
• Separate damaged items from undamaged items
• Contact your insurance agent to get an inventory of all damaged
items, which could be covered
• Contact your loved ones and let them know you are safe.
EXIT DRILLS
AND
FIRE EVACUATIONS
FIRE DRILL
NOTE!
• Make sure to identify alternative exits
• Practice EDITH or Exit Drills In The House
• Know the location of firefighting equipment and exit routes
beforehand
• An assembly area must be assigned for the family or the school.
Perform a headcount and inform firefighters right away if
someone is missing.
• Once you are already out of the burning structure: NEVER GO
BACK.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING !!!
